Molecules may bind more strongly. Medical search. Frequent questions

have now developed a method that can visualize individual HIV capsids - and how they disassemble - in real time using single-molecule microscopy. (elifesciences.org)
In the current issue of Nanotechnology ( 'A single molecule immunoassay by localized surface plasmon resonance' ), a team led by Jason Hafner, an associate professor of physics and astronomy and of chemistry, has shown that the plasmonic properties of nanoparticles can "light up" molecular interactions at the single-molecule limit in ways that will be useful to scientists. (nanowerk.com)
The ability to measure over long time scales opens the possibility to study systems with strong affinity at the single-molecule limit, such as lectin-carbohydrate interactions responsible for cell recognition and adhesion," Hafner said. (nanowerk.com)
Other single-molecule methods based on fluorescence are limited by photo bleaching, and those based on force measurements are limited by radiation damage and mechanical instabilities. (nanowerk.com)
512. Quantification of Multivalent Interactions between Sialic Acid and Influenza A Virus Spike Proteins by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. (fu-berlin.de)
We performed single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to investigate the rupture force required to break individual and multiple bonds formed between synthetic sialic acid (SA) receptors and the two principal spike proteins of the influenza A virus (H3N2): hemagglutinin (H3) and neuraminidase (N2). (fu-berlin.de)
In this thesis, total internal fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) and single-molecule imaging were used to observe and characterize protein-functionalized supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) interacting with immune cells to obtain the binding kinetics of various protein-protein pairs. (lu.se)
The lifetime of the rCD2/rCD48T92A interaction was also investigated using single-molecule imaging and tracking displaying a similarly small lifetime spread within the cell population. (lu.se)

However, they claim their research demonstrates the "broad utility and high accuracy of ProteinMPNN using x-ray crystallography, cryoEM, and functional studies by rescuing previously failed designs, made using Rosetta or AlphaFold, of protein monomers, cyclic homo-oligomers, tetrahedral nanoparticles, and target binding proteins. (scienceboard.net)
It is associated with a complex of invariant transmembrane proteins called CD3 , which transduces the binding of the peptide- MHC complex into intracellular signals ( Figure 24-63 ). (nih.gov)
Association rates (kon) are also provided, and an estimation of the dissociation constants (KD) between the SA receptors to both proteins indicate a 17-fold higher binding affinity for the SA-N2 bond with respect to that of SA-H3. (fu-berlin.de)
There had been earlier attempts to develop such decoys - "sticky" molecules designed to attract virus proteins - explains Dr. Diskin, but these earlier decoys were based on the structures of human receptors, so they were identical to the ones on the body's cells and thus unable to compete effectively. (newswise.com)
Then the group began testing this molecule - at first against "pseudoviruses," engineered virus-like complexes that carry the entry proteins but are not dangerous. (newswise.com)
Myosin-X is a member of a family of proteins called Myosins known to shuttle other molecules within the cell and thus allow their localization at the place where they are required. (europa.eu)
Zinc-containing molecules interfere with the normal performance of the human taste system by binding to the taste receptor proteins. (perfumerflavorist.com)
Zinc can also bind to salivary proteins, which may alter in a negative way the ability of saliva to lubricate the oral mucosa, which imparts the sensation of astringency. (perfumerflavorist.com)
Actb , Acta1 ) and actin-binding proteins (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
The antigens that bind to MHC proteins are always short peptides , 8-10 amino acids long for MHC Class I, and up to 25 or so for MHC Class II. (wikidoc.org)
This technology has generated excitement among researchers looking for new antibiotics, who hope that they could use the AlphaFold structures to find drugs that bind to specific bacterial proteins. (phys.org)
The researchers analyzed how these compounds interact with E. coli proteins using molecular docking simulations, which predict how strongly two molecules will bind together based on their shapes and physical properties. (phys.org)
To make proteins, such as binding, recognition and catalysis, often progress, it is therefore helpful to adopt a sceptical atti- involve specific interactions with individual water mol- tude. (lu.se)
Understanding how proteins interact entails studying the binding affinity (strength) and the lifetime (duration) of the protein-protein interaction to better decompose how an immune response is initiated and how we can explore this knowledge to treat diseases. (lu.se)

Protein structures shift and slide in the presence of small-molecule ligands, sometimes subtly and sometimes dramatically, but AlphaFold is not (yet) equipped to predict these changes," Lowe wrote. (scienceboard.net)
In order to adjust its oxygen affinity appropriately, titanium is bound to certain molecules, its ligands. (nanowerk.com)
Functional groups binding to a central atom in a coordination complex are called ligands . (wikipedia.org)
There are three main locations where ion ligands bind to the oligonucleotide/drug complex. (proteopedia.org)
The two other ligands, shown in cyan bind four to five nucleotides away from the drug itself. (proteopedia.org)

The result of this molecular change was that the mutated MHC molecules selected a unique subset of T cells that bound to it strongly, with "higher affinity. (scripps.edu)
In addition to Teyton, Wilson, Corper, and Yoshida (currently assistant professor at Meijo University, Japan), the authors of the paper, "The diabetogenic murine MHC class II molecule I-A g7 is endowed with a switch which modulates TCR affinity," include Rana Herro of Scripps Research and Bana Jabri of the University of Chicago. (scripps.edu)
To enhance the translational potential of ARMs, it is crucial to design antibody/target-binding motifs that have strong affinity and are easy to synthesize. (rsc.org)
Although the authors imply (and Adami claims directly) that the mutated protein is specific for cortisol, in fact it also binds aldosterone with about half of the affinity. (arn.org)
What's more, there actually is a much larger difference (about thirty-fold) in binding affinity for aldosterone and cortisol with the beginning, ancestral protein than for the final, mutated protein (about two-fold). (arn.org)
Therefore, the potential for drug compounds to be carried by this nucleotide complex requires further research with respect to binding affinity, solubility, toxicology, and specificity with other analogues. (proteopedia.org)
In the first part of this thesis, the interaction between the rat CD2 (rCD2) adhesion protein and its ligand rat CD48T92A (rCD48T92A), a high-affinity mutant of the wild type rat CD48, was used to establish a new method of obtaining single-cell binding affinities of T cells interacting with SLBs using imidazole titrations. (lu.se)
The results showed a relatively small spread in the rCD2-rCD48T92A binding affinity values despite the considerable spread of receptor densities within the cell population. (lu.se)
Using both these methods, the single-cell binding affinity and lifetime of the cell population can be investigated and their spread can provide information concealed with population-average techniques. (lu.se)
Even though the CD4 co-receptor increases the sensitivity of T cell signalling manyfold, it binds to its ligand, peptide major histocompatibility complex II (pMHCII), with the lowest binding affinity known to this day. (lu.se)

Then, they extended the molecule to include a slender portion capped with a chemical group that can react with the protein to form a permanent bond. (news-medical.net)
Although the new molecule slowed PLpro's protein-cutting activity, researchers still have a few important questions to answer before their results turn into a new antiviral drug. (news-medical.net)
September 16, 2022 -- Machine learning can be used to create protein molecules much more accurately and quickly than previously possible, with the potential for developing new treatments and vaccines, according to biologists at the University of Washington School of Medicine. (scienceboard.net)
We may well be able to find algorithmic solutions to those questions eventually, but as yet there simply aren't enough small-molecule ligand-bound protein structures to build from. (scienceboard.net)
There are twenty or so different protein side chains to account for, but the number of small molecule structures is so huge as to be practically infinite by comparison. (scienceboard.net)
Signal 1 is provided by a foreign peptide bound to an MHC protein on the surface of the presenting cell. (nih.gov)
These three genes encode molecules that present peptides (protein fragments) to the body's T cells. (scripps.edu)
An optimal designed multivalent SA receptor showed a higher binding stability to the H3 protein of the influenza A virus than to the monovalent SA receptor. (fu-berlin.de)
That protein binds several, structurally-similar hormones, as does modern MR. They then introduced two amino acid changes into the protein which are found in modern GR. The two changes caused the ancestral protein to bind the different kinds of hormones anywhere from ten- to a thousand-fold more weakly. (arn.org)
That protein bound aldosterone about three-fold more weakly than cortisol. (arn.org)
rather, the pre-existing ability of the protein to bind several molecules was simply weakened. (arn.org)
The workers begin their experiments with a protein that can strongly bind several, structurally-very-similar steroids, and they end with a protein that at best binds some of the steroids ten-fold more weakly. (arn.org)
Such results are not different from the development of antibiotic resistance, where single amino acid changes can cause the binding of a toxin to a particular protein to decrease (for example, warfarin resistance in rats, and resistance to various AIDS drugs). (arn.org)
In the "least promising" intermediate (L111Q) the protein has essentially lost its ability to bind any steroid. (arn.org)
In the "most promising" intermediate protein (the one that has just the S106P alteration) the protein has lost about 99% of its ability to bind DOC and cortisol, and lost about 99.9% of its ability to bind aldosterone. (arn.org)
This kind of simulation has been successfully used in studies that screen large numbers of compounds against a single protein target, to identify compounds that bind the best. (phys.org)
Recent oxygen-17 magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) experiments have shown that the vast majority of water molecules in the protein hydration layer suffer a mere twofold dynamic retardation compared with bulk water. (lu.se)
The high mobility of hydration water ensures that all thermally activated processes at the protein-water interface, such as binding, recognition and catalysis, can proceed at high rates. (lu.se)
The ENPP1 protein helps break down a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), specifically when it is found outside the cell (extracellular). (medlineplus.gov)
The insulin receptor is a protein that attaches (binds) to insulin and initiates cell signaling. (medlineplus.gov)
The Q121 variant of the ENPP1 protein inhibits the function of the insulin receptor more strongly than the K121 version, increasing insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
We have these molecules that try to block a protein from its receptor, prevent a protein from cleaving another protein, or increase the rate that a protein is broken down. (medscape.com)
That's one of the key features of siRNA - you don't have to find a chemical that binds strongly to some protein receptor, and worry about the off-target effects and all that nonsense. (medscape.com)

At the end of this sequence, the oxygen atom releases the catalyst again and instead binds to the desired carbon. (nanowerk.com)
Attachment of Myosin-X to filaments of a molecule called actin which forms a sort of conveying belt within filopodia, is necessary for the movement of Myosin-X complexes towards the cell centre but this movement is strongly regulated by the part of Myosin-X which does not attach to actin but instead binds other molecules. (europa.eu)

The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
[2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize it directly (for example, by blocking a part of a virus that is essential for its invasion). (wikipedia.org)
To allow the immune system to recognize millions of different antigens, the antigen-binding sites at both tips of the antibody come in an equally wide variety. (wikipedia.org)
The class hence determines the function triggered by an antibody after binding to an antigen, in addition to some structural features. (wikipedia.org)
Structurally an antibody is also partitioned into two antigen-binding fragments (Fab), containing one V L , V H , C L , and C H 1 domain each, as well as the crystallisable fragment (Fc), forming the trunk of the Y shape. (wikipedia.org)
The team is now investigating potential antibody or small molecule therapies that could target and correct mutated MHC. (scripps.edu)
Antibody-recruiting molecules (ARMs) are bispecific molecules composed of an antibody-binding motif and a target-binding motif that redirect endogenous antibodies to target cells to elicit immune responses. (rsc.org)
Here, we synthesized a novel Fc-binding ARM (Fc-ARM) that targets folate receptor (FR)-positive cancer cells, Reo-3, using a recently developed monocyclic peptide 15-Lys8Leu, which binds strongly to the Fc region of an antibody. (rsc.org)
Reo-3 bound to the Fc region of the antibody with a K d of 5.8 nM, and recruited a clinically used antibody mixture to attack FR-positive IGROV-1 cells as efficiently as Fc-ARM2, in which a bicyclic Fc-binding peptide was used. (rsc.org)
Dr. Hadas Cohen-Dvashi, a member of the Diskin lab, led the next stage of the research, in which she "surgically removed" the very tip of the rodent receptor to which the virus binds and engineered it onto part of an antibody. (newswise.com)
[ 5 ] The more abundant D-hexamers have dimer-reinforced crosslinks between NC1 domains that help to retain the cryptic nature of the Goodpasture epitopes, whereas the less abundant M-hexamers, composed of only monomeric subunits, allow epitope unmasking and antibody binding under inflammatory states. (medscape.com)

In an alternative definition (which is not equivalent), photons confined to two or more coupled optical cavities also reproduce the physics of interacting atomic energy levels, and have been termed as photonic molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Inside the cloud medium, the photons dispersively coupled to strongly interacting atoms in highly excited Rydberg states. (wikipedia.org)
This caused the photons to behave as massive particles with strong mutual attraction (photon molecules). (wikipedia.org)
The Harvard and MIT physicists, writing in the journal Nature , say they have discovered a technique that binds photons together to form a new molecule that behaves nearly exactly like the Star Wars weapons. (naturalnews.com)
What we have done is create a special type of medium in which photons interact with each other so strongly that they act as though they have mass, and bind together to form molecules. (naturalnews.com)
In the absence of photons, the gas can be prepared in a state where atoms interact very strongly with each other, forming loosely bound pairs," explains Brantut. (epfl.ch)
As light is sent onto the gas, some of these pairs can be turned into chemically bound molecules by absorbing with photons. (epfl.ch)
This is made possible in our system, where photons are confined in an 'optical cavity' - a closed box that forces them to interact strongly with the atoms. (epfl.ch)

A number of organic molecules, usually featuring carbon rings across which electronic charge can conduct, potentially demonstrate the right electronic properties, but the long-range forces which will govern their self-assembly during the first phases of growth often remain a mystery. (cam.ac.uk)
I am sure we will be able to identify in the future many new, even more complex organic molecules in the interstellar gas. (centauri-dreams.org)

Hafner and his colleagues borrowed bioconjugate chemistry techniques, coating the bipyramids with antibodies and then adding antigens that strongly bind to them. (nanowerk.com)
Some APCs also bind native (or unprocessed) antigens to their surface, such as follicular dendritic cells , but unprocessed antigens do not interact with T cells and are not involved in their activation. (wikidoc.org)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Most antimicrobial peptides are cationic amphiphilic compounds that function by binding to the negatively charged lipids of bacterial membranes, followed by membrane disruption. (rsc.org)
While binding to the lipid headgroup is detrimental for anion transport, I hypothesized that binding to the headgroup can provide membrane selectivity (e.g., bacterial membranes over human membranes) and can induce membrane perturbations similar to those observed for antimicrobial peptides. (rsc.org)
Several environmental, genetic, and immune factors create a "perfect storm" for the development of coeliac disease: the antigen gluten, the strong association of coeliac disease with HLA, the deamidation of gluten peptides by the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) generating peptides that bind strongly to the predisposing HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules, and the ensuing unrestrained T cell response. (frontiersin.org)
This discrepancy is explained by thymic selection where the fate of T-cell precursors is dependent on the recognition of self-peptides (self-p) presented by MHC molecules on thymic stromal cells ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
Once at the lymph nodes, the APC begins to present antigen peptides that are bound to Class II MHC, allowing CD4 + T cells that express specific TcR's against the peptide/MHC complex to activate. (wikidoc.org)

The signaling events initiated by the binding of peptide-MHC complexes to T cell receptors (signal 1). (nih.gov)
The influenza A virus deploys this strategy to bind strongly to cell surface receptors. (fu-berlin.de)
Our study emphasizes the influence of the scaffold on the presentation of receptors during multivalent binding. (fu-berlin.de)
The researchers found Arenacept to be highly effective at sticking strongly to the viruses before the viruses could bind to the human receptors and, as with the pseudoviruses, they saw the activation of the immune response. (newswise.com)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

In algal toxicity tests essential nutrients will thus be bound to the phosphonates according to the Ligand binding model [1] (PFA 2009). (europa.eu)
The outcome of the test however only determines whether nutrient complexation is the cause of apparent toxicity and does not determine the inherent toxicity of the test substance for the reasons explained by the Ligand binding model (PFA 2009). (europa.eu)
The magnitude of the stability constants depends on the properties of the metal and also of the ligand, in respect of the type of bonding, the three dimensional shape of the complexing molecule, and the number of complexing groups. (europa.eu)
The aromatic anthraquinone derivative ligand is disordered disordered in the binding site with two solvable positions which are 180 degree rotations of each other. (proteopedia.org)
The only stable binding site for a fifth ligand at the zinc ion is opposite to the normal substrate site, in a small cavity buried behind the zinc ion. (lu.se)
The zinc coordination sphere has to be strongly distorted to accommodate a ligand in this site, and the ligand makes awkward contacts with surrounding atoms. (lu.se)

And while the hunt for glycine has had a long and inconclusive history, the identification of amino acetonitrile gives us a molecule chemically related to glycine, one whose status as an amino acid precursor is argued in the paper on this work. (centauri-dreams.org)
Adducts to Hb are especially suitable because small molecules such as PO form chemically stable adducts with the N-terminal valine of Hb, N-(3-hydroxypropyl)valine (HOPrVal). (who.int)

rather, they are several molecules with air because of their use as insecticides. (cdc.gov)
rather, they are several molecules with the same chemical formula that have their atoms joined together in the same sequence, but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space. (cdc.gov)

In contrast, a molecule based on a rodent receptor, reasoned Dr. Diskin and his team, could far outcompete the human ones for binding to the virus. (newswise.com)
The viral structure that binds to the cellular receptor is the receptor-binding site, which is located on the globular part of the hemagglutinin (HA) monomer ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Based on a crystallographic model, the receptor-binding site of the H3 subtype includes conserved residues Tyr98, His193, Glu190, Trp53, and Leu194 ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)
For this reason, the influence of an adhesion molecule, rat CD2, on the obtained binding kinetics of the human CD4 co-receptor was initially examined showing that the accumulation of CD4 was influenced when having a high concentration of bound CD2 inside the cell-SLB contacts. (lu.se)
Lastly, CD4 binding studies showed that the co-receptor did not noticeably affect the TCR-MHC II binding at physiological levels of hCD4 in the SLB. (lu.se)

Pd Water Group 2 is attributed to the first layers of water molecules strongly bound to Pd. (uwaterloo.ca)

Taking this analogy even further, a cluster of several mutually-coupled photonic atoms forms a photonic molecule. (wikipedia.org)
When individual photonic atoms are brought into close proximity, their optical modes interact and give rise to a spectrum of hybridized super-modes of photonic molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Photonic molecules offer advantages over isolated photonic atoms in a variety of applications, including bio(chemical) sensing, cavity optomechanics, and microlasers, Photonic molecules can also be used as quantum simulators of many-body physics and as building blocks of future optical quantum information processing networks. (wikipedia.org)
The starting molecule contains a so-called epoxy group, a kind of "triangle" in which two corners are formed by carbon atoms and the third by an oxygen atom. (nanowerk.com)
The salt molecule contains strong bonds between Na+ and Cl- as atoms in sugar are not bound as strongly. (alloprof.qc.ca)
A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties , regardless of the other atoms in the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
The atoms in a functional group are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds . (wikipedia.org)
Plus, when functional groups are more electronegative than atoms they attach to, the functional groups will become polar, and the otherwise nonpolar molecules containing these functional groups become polar and so become soluble in some aqueous environment. (wikipedia.org)
Caesium binds most strongly when norbadione A sheds two of its seven hydrogen atoms. (mold-help.org)
The light trapped between the mirrors turns pairs of atoms into molecules in a coherent way. (epfl.ch)
A key concept in this new effect is that that it happens "coherently", which means that photon can be absorbed to turn a pair of atoms into a molecule, then emitted back, then reabsorbed multiple times. (epfl.ch)

enables researchers to measure how molecules produced by host cells interact with the viral capsid, a structure that is fundamental for the virus to establish an infection. (elifesciences.org)
Even at this stage, the researchers - in collaboration with the group of Dr. Vered Paler-Karavani of Tel Aviv University - noted that Arenacept not only bound strongly to the viruses, it recruited parts of the immune system to mount an attack against the viral invasion. (newswise.com)
One key aspect of the NTNU test is a specific combination of polar solvents, buffers, salts and other chemicals that do not damage the viral RNA molecule itself. (eurekalert.org)

The simulations are designed to use the structures of molecules to predict how strongly they will bind. (scienceboard.net)

Growth-cone collapse induced by ephrin-As, a family of repulsive axon guidance molecules, is impaired upon R62D expression, resulting in perseverance of ring-shaped F-actin filaments. (jneurosci.org)

Researchers have designed a molecule that slows the effects of one of SARS-CoV-2's more dangerous components - an enzyme called a protease that cuts off the immune system's communications and helps the virus replicate. (news-medical.net)
To see the atomic structure of the molecule gripped by the protease, researchers zapped a crystal sample of both with bright X-rays generated by the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) at the Department of Energy's SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. (news-medical.net)
PLpro's unique shape also meant that researchers needed a molecule tailored to fit its narrow groove. (news-medical.net)
By considering several extensions, the ORNL researchers transformed the original molecule into a shape that can latch onto PLpro more tightly - and the researchers are still working to improve their design. (news-medical.net)
July 28, 2022 Researchers have developed a machine-learning algorithm that can teach computers to predict how molecules will bind to the surface and how strongly they will bind. (sciencedaily.com)
A new technique by Rice University researchers will allow them to track single molecules without modifying them -- and it works over longer timescales. (nanowerk.com)
Now, in the new study the researchers found that diabetes-causing mutations changed the charge at one end of the MHC peptide-binding groove. (scripps.edu)
This ability to strongly bind metal ions was also important for x-ray crystallographic purposes, as it enabled researchers to form crystals of the complex by relying on interactions between neighboring molecules' binding sites. (proteopedia.org)

During my own PhD that focused on the development of small neutral molecules that can transport chloride anions across biological membranes, we often observed binding to the lipid headgroup in molecular dynamics modelling. (rsc.org)
Molecular imprinting is a process in which functional and crosslinking monomers are co-polymerized in the presence of the target analyte, the imprint molecule. (intechopen.com)

The basic monomer of this network is a triple-helical molecule composed of 3 alpha chains (ie, alpha-3, alpha-4, and alpha-5). (medscape.com)

This initiates a sequence of molecule-internal (intramolecular) rearrangements. (nanowerk.com)

In algal growth medium some metals form strongly-bound complexes and others form weakly-bound ones (PFA 2009). (europa.eu)

Ring-like molecules with unusual five-fold symmetry bind strongly to a copper surface, due to a substantial transfer of charge, but experience remarkably little difficulty in sideways diffusion, and exhibit surprisingly little interaction between neighbouring molecules. (cam.ac.uk)
The CD4-MHC II interaction is so weak that adhesion molecules are needed to ensure a successful CD4-MHC II contact formation. (lu.se)
Later, the studies focused on the CD4-TCR-MHC II ternary complex where it was demonstrated that the presence of L3-12 TCR strongly supported the CD4-MHC II interaction by increasing the local density of MHC II inside the cell-SLB contacts. (lu.se)

It gives us the electrical state of an atom bound in a molecule, as if we hypothetically see it as ions. (wikiversity.org)
The 1xcs complex also binds to metal ions in more than one location, which have been shown to be important to the drug's binding ability. (proteopedia.org)
Literature states that the variable ion gives strength to the binding of the Co(2+) ions. (proteopedia.org)

In individuals not predisposed to type 1 diabetes, MHC molecules usually have a negatively charged residue at position 57. (scripps.edu)

It may be possible to arrange the photonic molecules in such a way within the medium that they form larger two-dimensional structures (similar to drawings). (wikipedia.org)
The active site and mechanism of D-xylose isomerase have been probed by determination of the crystal structures of the enzyme bound to various substrates, inhibitors and cations. (rcsb.org)

One would think that the hundred-fold decrease in the ability to bind a steroid would at least initially be a very detrimental change that would be weeded out by natural selection. (arn.org)

The term photonic molecule has been also used since 1998 for an unrelated phenomenon involving electromagnetically-interacting optical microcavities. (wikipedia.org)

We therefore suggest a new mechanism involving a cofactor that is regulated as well as recruited by one of the master genes to bind to the antagonistic partner that is necessary for bistability and hence switch-like behavior. (lu.se)

Mouse monoclonal to CD54.CT12 reacts withCD54, the 90 kDa intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). (nanoker-society.org)

This is very similar to what happens when two isolated systems are coupled, like two hydrogen atomic orbitals coming together to form the bonding and antibonding orbitals of the hydrogen molecule, which are hybridized super-modes of the total coupled system. (wikipedia.org)
The result of such a close relationship is a "photonic molecule," whose optical modes bear a strong resemblance to the electronic states of a diatomic molecule like hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrocarbons are a class of molecule that is defined by functional groups called hydrocarbyls that contain only carbon and hydrogen, but vary in the number and order of double bonds. (wikipedia.org)

This only works effectively if it binds the oxygen strongly enough to itself without "clinging" too much. (nanowerk.com)
This behaviour ensures that the phosphonic acids effectively bind and hold the metals in solution and renders them biologically less available As a result when a trace metal is complexed, its bioavailability is likely to be negligible (PFA 2009, SIAR 2005). (europa.eu)

it interacts with noncollagenous domains of the alpha-4 and alpha-5 chains to form the alpha-3.alpha-4.alpha-5(IV) triple helical molecule known as promoter, which, in turn, dimerizes to form a hexameric structure that is extensively crosslinked. (medscape.com)

Function of T helper cells: Antigen presenting cells ( APCs ) present antigen on their Class II MHC molecules ( MHC2 ). (wikidoc.org)

The four-coordinate structure with a water molecule bound to the zinc ion is about 20 kJ/mole less strained than the corresponding structure with a hydroxide ion, indicating that the enzyme does not speed up the reaction by forcing the zinc coordination sphere into a structure similar to the reaction intermediates. (lu.se)

This site is octahedrally co-ordinated to three carboxylate groups (bidentate co-ordination to one of them), an imidazole and a solvent molecule. (rcsb.org)

The starting molecule itself already contains the oxygen atom required for oxidation. (nanowerk.com)
The catalysis we have developed simply shifts this oxygen in the molecule, which creates the acetal. (nanowerk.com)
If a haemoglobin molecule binds to one oxygen molecule, it becomes increasingly able to bind a second, then a third, and then a fourth. (mold-help.org)

Molecules that are strongly bound to the substrate with a high degree of transfer of charge offer a range of new possibilities, though little is currently known of their behaviour. (cam.ac.uk)
The absence of an appropriately situated base for either the cyclic or extended chain forms from the substrate binding site indicates that the isomerisation does not take place by an enediol or enediolate mechanism. (rcsb.org)
Binding of a trivalent cation places an additional charge at the active site, producing a substrate complex that is analogous to a possible transition state. (rcsb.org)

In contrast, binding of a polyanion to a conserved arginine cluster in the lattice strongly delays initiation of uncoating but does not prevent subsequent lattice disassembly. (elifesciences.org)
In contrast, disease-causing MHC molecules have a neutral residue at position 57 and consequently the surrounding region is more positively charged. (scripps.edu)

also found that a small molecule drug called PF74 causes the capsid to crack open rapidly, but the remaining shell is then stabilized against further disassembly. (elifesciences.org)
To elucidate the role Myosin-X plays in filopodia, we have started a study of its movements within filopodia in relation to other molecules or to small vesicles. (europa.eu)

We were interested in trying to understand why certain MHC molecules (which are molecules in mice analogous to HLA molecules in humans) are linked to autoimmune disease, particularly type 1 diabetes," said Research Associate Adam Corper of the Wilson lab, who was first author of the paper with Kenji Yoshida of the Teyton lab. (scripps.edu)

In this review, we will discuss how tissue destruction in the context of coeliac disease results from the complex interactions between gluten, HLA molecules, TG2, and multiple innate and adaptive immune components. (frontiersin.org)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)

NTNU has also developed iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles that strongly bind RNA. (eurekalert.org)

After an antigen binds to a BCR, the B cell activates to proliferate and differentiate into either plasma cells , which secrete soluble antibodies with the same paratope, or memory B cells , which survive in the body to enable long-lasting immunity to the antigen. (wikipedia.org)
The antigen binding site is circled. (wikipedia.org)

Expression of the TGF-pseudoreceptor BMP and Activin Membrane-bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) was analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), ISH and PCR. (nih.gov)
The capsid-binding inhibitor PF74 accelerates capsid opening but stabilizes the remaining lattice. (elifesciences.org)

Two other conserved residues at positions 226 and 228 within the binding pocket determine host range specificity ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

The variety of molecules found between the stars makes the supposition provocative, but finding interstellar amino acids has been a challenge. (centauri-dreams.org)
Yet laboratory experiments have shown that amino acids can form among the molecules found in interstellar clouds, including such important ones as glycine, alanine and serine. (centauri-dreams.org)
which identifies a molecule found in host cells that stabilizes the capsid of HIV. (elifesciences.org)
Previously, Teyton and Wilson labs had determined the structure of a "diabetogenic" MHC molecule and found that mutations to position 57 caused only subtle changes. (scripps.edu)
Leu226 and Ser228 selectively bind to α2,6 sialosides found on human and swine cells, while Gln226 and Gly228 bind to the α2,3 sialosides found predominantly on avian cells ( 3 , 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)

Of the two binding sites for divalent cations, [1] is permanently occupied under catalytic conditions and is co-ordinated to four carboxylate groups. (rcsb.org)
Along with the structure, the important forces involved in binding were analyzed and described as heavily reliant on cations. (proteopedia.org)

This was followed by the demonstration of a lithographically-fabricated photonic molecule, inspired by an analogy with a simple diatomic molecule. (wikipedia.org)

It did not, as some had speculated, cause the molecule to become unstable and non-functional. (scripps.edu)
In organic chemistry , a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions . (wikipedia.org)
However, a moiety is an entire "half" of a molecule, which can be not only a single functional group, but also a larger unit consisting of multiple functional groups. (wikipedia.org)

We designed molecules and used computational approaches to predict how they would interact with the enzyme,' said Jerry Parks, ORNL senior scientist and leader of the project. (news-medical.net)
Using computational methods, Stanford University School of Medicine investigators have strongly implicated a novel gene in the triggering of type-2 diabetes. (stanford.edu)

The problem of detecting biexcitons in indirect semiconductors, radiative decay of molecules, and the effect on their stability of external electric, strain, and magnetic fields are discussed in detail with the examples of Si and Ge. (ufn.ru)

The most suitable "tuning molecules" are nowadays selected with the aid of a computer. (nanowerk.com)

Binding at a second cation site [2] is also necessary for catalysis and this site is believed to bind Co2+ more strongly than site [1]. (rcsb.org)

The active pharmaceutical ingredient and associated molecules that may be subsequently formulated, with excipients, to produce the drug product. (who.int)

Our observations suggest that different stages of uncoating can be controlled independently with the interplay between different capsid-binding regulators likely to determine the overall uncoating kinetics. (elifesciences.org)

Ponder this: Since 1965, more than 140 molecules have been identified in space, both in interstellar clouds and circumstellar disks, many of them organic or carbon-based. (centauri-dreams.org)

However, we do know that HIV hijacks a range of molecules produced by the invaded host cell. (elifesciences.org)
The way filopodia sense other molecules in their immediate surrounding and the way they relay this information to the cell to allow appropriate response to its environment is not clear despite decades of research. (europa.eu)
It is thus possible that Myosin-X shuttles molecules from the tip to the centre of the cell thus un-abling filopodia to communicate with the rest of the cell about what is detected in its environment. (europa.eu)

It is not simply the electronic properties of a molecule on a surface that will control its potential to form part of a device, but also whether it will move by itself into the required structural configuration and remain stable in that position even if the device becomes heated in use. (cam.ac.uk)

A atom which strongly attracts electrons will make his partner-atom thus more positive, giving it a delta+ charge and a +I oxidative state. (wikiversity.org)

OH ) and hydroxyls interact strongly with each other. (wikipedia.org)

Such molecules emit hundreds of weak spectral lines, producing spectra so crowded that untangling the components is an extraordinary challenge. (centauri-dreams.org)

Hedgeland explained: "By coupling the experimental helium spin echo technique with advanced first-principles calculations, we were able to study the dynamic behaviour of a cyclopentendienyl layer on a copper surface, and to deduce that the charge transfer between the metal and the organic molecule was occurring in a counter-intuitive sense. (cam.ac.uk)

Anatomy29

Organisms13

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science4

Health Care1

Single-molecule8

Proteins14

Ligands5

Affinity10

Protein23

Instead binds2

Antibody12

Photons8

Organic molecules2

Antigens5

Peptides5

Receptors5

Ligand6

Chemically2

Several molecules2

Receptor5

Water molecules1

Atoms11

Viral3

Predict how strongly1

Actin1

Researchers8

Molecular2

Monomer1

Initiates1

Complexes1

Interaction3

Ions3

Negatively charged1

Structures2

Initially1

19981

Genes1

Adhesion1

Hydrogen3

Effectively2

Chains1

APCs1

Zinc1

Imidazole1

Oxygen3

Substrate3

Contrast2

Small2

Type 1 diabet1

Immune2

Nanoparticles1

Antigen2

Inhibitor2

Specificity1

Found5

Cations2

Analogy1

Functional3

Computational2

Stability1

Suitable1

Catalysis1

Excipients1

Kinetics1

Carbon1

Cell3

Form1

Electrons1

Interact strongly1

Weak1

Surface1