Molecules highly immunogenic carrier protein carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mollusk hemocyanins have biomedical uses as carriers/adjuvants and nonspecific immunostimulants with beneficial clinical outcomes by triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and driving immune responses toward type 1 T helper (Th1) polarization. (exeter.ac.uk)
We measured the levels of these cytokines in relation to eotaxin and eosinophil production of the Eosinophil Cationic Protein in nasal secretion (N-ECP). (laeknabladid.is)
In this process, MSCs can release varieties of bioactive molecules (such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, etc.) through the paracrine mechanism, which has a crucial impact on the control of biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Simultaneously detect the levels of these cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase proteins in a single sample. (rndsystems.com)

Vaccines are examples of antigens in an immunogenic form, which are intentionally administered to a recipient to induce the memory function of the adaptive immune system towards antigens of the pathogen invading that recipient. (wikipedia.org)
While antigens are the "target" of antibodies, immunoglobulin-binding proteins "attack" antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Antigen-presenting cells present antigens in the form of peptides on histocompatibility molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Perform hapten-carrier conjugation with cysteine-containing peptides and other thiolated antigens with this sulfhydryl-reactive mariculture KLH. (fishersci.com)
Thermo Scientific™ Imject Maleimide-Activated mcKLH is sulfhydryl-reactive immunogenic mariculture keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for hapten-carrier conjugation with cysteine-containing peptides and other thiolated antigens. (fishersci.com)
Indeed, hemocyanins have a multivalent nature as highly mannosylated antigens. (exeter.ac.uk)
Multimodal immunogenic cell death (ICD) together with autophagy often induced by OVs not only presents potent danger signals to dendritic cells but also efficiently cross-present tumor-associated antigens from cancer cells to dendritic cells to T cells to induce adaptive antitumor immunity. (biomedcentral.com)
Adjuvants are generally used with soluble protein antigens to increase antibody titers and induce a prolonged response with accompanying memory. (wikidoc.org)
Most complex protein antigens induce multiple B-cell clones during the immune response, thus, the response is polyclonal. (wikidoc.org)
Immune responses to non-protein antigens are generally poorly or enhanced by adjuvants and there is no system memory. (wikidoc.org)
Polysaccharides are T-independent antigens, and can not be processed or presented on MHC molecules to interact with T-cells. (allindianpatents.com)
We have created a highly compact marker/suicide gene for T cells combining target epitopes from both CD34 and CD20 antigens (RQR8). (ashpublications.org)
In addition to mutated proteins, NSCLC can over-express a number of non-mutated proteins that can induce both humoral and cytotoxic T cell responses [ 10 ], and also have the potential to serve as tumor rejection antigens [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Telomerase is excessively activated in most of tumors and is involved in the regulation of cell cycle proteins, such as p16Ink4a and p21WAF1, which induce epithelial cell apoptosis [7]. (docksci.com)
The compounds used to induce contact hypersensitivity are not immunogenic by them-selves. (brainkart.com)
Strategies, which have been designed to overcome this lack of immunogenicity in infants, include the linking of the polysaccharide to large immunogenic proteins, which provide bystander T-cell help and which induce immunological memory against the polysaccharide antigen to which it is conjugated. (allindianpatents.com)

Most of our recombinant proteins are fluorescent derivatives of various DT and proHB-EGF. (org.ua)
An immunogenic composition comprising 2 S. pneumoniae recombinant proteins wherein one of the proteins is selected from the Poly Histidine Triad family (PhtX) at a dose of between 1-100 µg and optionally comprising an adjuvant. (allindianpatents.com)
The method involves expressing the recombinant polypeptide as a fusion protein with a pro-peptide. (justia.com)
The pro-peptide-polypeptide fusion protein can be cleaved and the recombinant polypeptide released under the appropriate conditions. (justia.com)
The preparation of valuable recombinant (genetically engineered) polypeptides, for example pharmaceutical proteins, relies frequently on techniques which involve the production of these polypeptides as fusion or hybrid proteins. (justia.com)

By a pathway that has not been defined, the Langerhans cells of the epidermis take up the hapten carrier conjugates, and a sensitizing peptide is presented in association with MHC-II molecules. (brainkart.com)
We have previously shown that hemocyanins are internalized by APCs through receptor-mediated endocytosis with proteins that contain C-type lectin domains, such as mannose receptor (MR). However, the contribution of other innate immune receptors to the proinflammatory signaling pathway triggered by hemocyanins is unknown. (exeter.ac.uk)
Moreover, DCs from mice deficient for MyD88-adapter-like (Mal), a downstream adapter molecule of TLR4, were partially activated by FLH, suggesting a role of the TLR pathway in hemocyanin recognition to activate APCs. (exeter.ac.uk)
Notch signaling is highly conserved cell signaling pathway, which is involved in diverse embryonic organs or tissue development as well as regeneration ( 1 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Porins help in making a pathway for the entry and exit of hydrophilic low molecules weight substances. (student-baba.com)
The group identified a protein kinase MST4-dependant pathway that plays a tumor-promoting role in glioblastoma through increasing autophagic activity. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
Equipped with a mouse model of stress (5-HT1A-R-/- mice) and a 5-HT1A-R-expressing hippocampal neuron-derived cell line, HN2-5, our earlier studies have reported that a 5-HT1A-R-mediated signaling pathway functions via extracellular receptor-activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-catalyzed activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKC) to promote synaptogenesis at P15 in the hippocampal CA1 region [12,16]. (thetechnoant.info)
Tumor cells were cultured in vitro with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which stabilizes SLiPs and DRiPs, shunting proteins into the autophagy pathway [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Notch receptors are single-pass transmembrane proteins composed of functional Notch extracellular domain (NECD), transmembrane (TM), and Notch intracellular domains (NICD). (frontiersin.org)
In view of such observations and arguments, we are prompted to focus on receptors and signaling molecules that are likely BCL2L to play crucial roles in sculpting the major neuronal centers such as the hippocampus in the neonatal brain. (thetechnoant.info)
In this manner, the reduced detection of self MHC-I molecules by NK cell-inhibitory receptors coupled with an increase in activating signals by recognition of stress-induced surface ligands promote the cytolytic activity of NK cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Bmi-1 is highly expressed in a variety of human tumors, including lung cancer, ovarian cancer, acute myelogenous leukemia, nasopharyngeal cancer, breast cancer, and neuroblastoma, suggesting that Bmi-1 may play an important role in cancer occurrence and development [2-4]. (docksci.com)
Delivery of siRNA-peptide nanoplexes co-targeting MK2 and XPA to pre-existing p53-deficient tumors in a highly aggressive, immunocompetent mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma improves long-term survival and cisplatin response beyond those of the synthetic lethal p53 mutant/MK2 combination alone. (nature.com)
Tumor-derived autophagosome vaccines (DRibbles) have the potential to broaden immune response to poorly immunogenic tumors. (biomedcentral.com)

There are 90 known serotypes of pneumococci, and the capsule is the principle virulence determinant for pneumococci, as the capsule not only protects the iimer surface of the bacteria from complement, but is itself poorly immunogenic. (allindianpatents.com)

Non-immunogenic, self-assembling and biodegradable nanomaterials carry a high promise to revolutionize regenerative medicine as vehicles to deliver therapeutic molecules to a site of injury. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
The scaffold material should be biocompatible, i.e., non-toxic and non-immunogenic, biodegradable, and at the same time, ecological and easy to manufacture, thus economically viable. (nature.com)

In 1899, Ladislas Deutsch (László Detre) named the hypothetical substances halfway between bacterial constituents and antibodies "antigenic or immunogenic substances" (French: substances immunogènes ou antigènes). (wikipedia.org)
Antigenic molecules, normally "large" biological polymers, usually present surface features that can act as points of interaction for specific antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
Immunoglobulin-binding protein - Proteins such as protein A, protein G, and protein L that are capable of binding to antibodies at positions outside of the antigen-binding site. (wikipedia.org)
The most promising approaches are based on antibodies specific for the relatively conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 and the intersubunit region of hemagglutinin. (cdc.gov)
While antibodies to the immunodominant, but highly variable, regions of HA and NA can provide potent virus strain-specific protection, the existence of weaker and more broadly protective immune activities directed to less variable regions of viral proteins has long been known ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Current, antibody-based diagnostical methods utilize antibodies against histamine raised by conjugating histamine to a large immunogenic protein carrier, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA) via its primary amine group. (justia.com)
Consequently, only the imidazole will be exposed to lymphocytes, which commonly results in generation of antibodies that recognize protein-bound histamine with only limited affinity and sensitivity for free histamine. (justia.com)
Samples are mixed with a cocktail of biotinylated detection antibodies (Step 1) and then incubated with the array membrane which is spotted in duplicate with capture antibodies to specific target proteins (Step 2) . (rndsystems.com)

On the other hand, DT represents a very interesting molecular machine which allows using this protein in different bioengineering applications, such as ablation of certain cell types in transgenic mice, development of immunotoxins targeted for specific cell markers and also for delivery of certain proteins into the cytosol. (org.ua)

Highly specific and immunogenic (substances that produces an immune response). (student-baba.com)
Among most immunosuppressive cells, TAMs, as crucial drivers of immunosuppressive TME, account for the largest proportion of immune cells in the TME (approximately 50% of tumor mass) [ 9 , 10 ], which possess highly heterogeneity and play a complex regulatory role in tumor immunity and immunotherapy due to helping tumor evade immune surveillance [ 11 ]. (thno.org)
In this case, the stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent immunogenic cell death (ICD) process in OVs-infected cells elicit a range of anti-tumor immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)

The inner layer is made up of peptidoglycan (Gives the cells its structural framework), proteins , non-cellulose carbohydrates , lipids , amino acids , etc. (student-baba.com)
This single-chain 535 amino acid long protein causes the symptoms of acute diphtheria infection. (org.ua)

A unique feature of delayed hypersensitivity is that T lymphocytes are mostly involved in the antihapten response, while in most experimentally induced hapten-carrier responses the hapten is recognized by B lymphocytes. (brainkart.com)

HLA- em DRB1 /em genotypes, high disease activity, high disability scores, and high levels of acute phase proteins [2]. (exposed-skin-care.net)

Small-molecule detection is important for many applications including clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, and measurements of environmental samples and agricultural products. (justia.com)

DT molecule is composed of two subunits: subunit A and subunit B. The A-subunit of DT is represented by a single domain - the catalytic or C-domain which modifies eEF-2. (org.ua)

Since the carrier protein is autologous, it would be expected that the sensitizing peptide contained the covalently associated sensitizing compound. (brainkart.com)
This study was designed to test a novel immunotherapy strategy using a vaccine enriched for short-lived proteins (SLiPs) and defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) derived from autologous tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Described herein are polypeptides, compositions, kits, and analyte detection systems for the detection of the presence or absence of small molecules (e.g. histamine and/or histidine) in a test sample. (justia.com)
The technology described herein relates to polypeptides, compositions, kits, and analyte detection systems for the detection of the presence or absence of small molecules (e.g. histamine and/or histidine) in a test sample. (justia.com)
Current techniques for small-molecule detection suffer from various limitations including low analytical sensitivity and complex sample processing. (justia.com)
Embodiments of various aspects described herein, include novel polypeptides, compositions comprising the same, kits, and analyte detection systems for detecting the presence or absence of a small molecule (e.g. histamine and/or histidine) in a test sample. (justia.com)
Due to the appearance of the highly virulent strain of E. coli of serotype O157:H7 in the US and Canada in the 1980's, and subsequently in other Latin American countries, there is an increase need for accurate testing for this and other pathogenic E. coli strains, substantially enhancing detection of virulent strains and, therefore, facilitating identification of sporadic E. coli infections and outbreaks. (eurekaselect.com)
Captured proteins are visualized using chemiluminescent detection reagents (Step 3) . (rndsystems.com)
After detection, the array data were quantitated to generate a protein profile (histogram). (rndsystems.com)

depending on the antigen and the type of the histocompatibility molecule, different types of T cells will be activated. (wikipedia.org)
The surface molecules of EVs enable them to target recipient cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Research endeavors over the past several decades have identified various types of cells as suitable living drugs and versatile drug carriers. (biomedcentral.com)
Our previously-obtained impressive results of highly increased C2C12 mouse myoblast adhesion to amine plasma polymers (PPs) motivated current detailed studies of cell resistance to trypsinization, cell proliferation, motility, and the rate of attachment carried out for fibroblasts (LF), keratinocytes (HaCaT), rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and endothelial cells (HUVEC, HSVEC, and CPAE) on three different amine PPs. (nature.com)
Based on all the results, the increased resistance to trypsinization of C2C12, LF, HaCaT, and VSMC cells on amine PPs can be explained most probably by a non-specific cell adhesion such as electrostatic interaction between the cells and amine groups on the material surface, rather than by the receptor-mediated adhesion through serum-derived proteins adsorbed on the PPs. (nature.com)
DAbR1 was subcloned together with green fluorescent protein into an SFG-retroviral vector and used to transduce CD3/CD28-activated primary human T cells and second-generation 1928z (CAR) T cells. (snmjournals.org)
Upon the stage of tumorigenesis, down-regulation of the major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) molecules and also the overexpression of the stress-induced ligands on the surface of malignant cells to avoid recognition by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), make them more sensitive to NK cell-mediated death. (biomedcentral.com)

Secondly, those proteins which are present in soluble form in the cytoplasm often are subject to degradation by host specific enzymes, thus reducing the amounts of active protein that can be recovered. (justia.com)

In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Numerous antigen molecules can be conjugated to each KLH molecule to make them highly immunogenic and increase the likelihood of eliciting immunized animals to produce high-titer antisera to the epitopes of interest. (fishersci.com)
It is well documented that oxidative damage of protein and DNA presents unique neoepitopes, which is one of the factors in antigen-driven autoimmune response in various diseases (Scofield et al . (scialert.net)
They are a mixture of immunoglobulin molecules secreted against a specific antigen , each recognising a different epitope . (wikidoc.org)

These anti-viral vaccines are highly effective in curbing virus infections and onset of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

Serological differentiation between childhood vaccination and recent infection with MPXV or other OPXVs is difficult due to the high level of conservation within OPXV proteins. (cdc.gov)

The molecule of this receptor is composed of four functional portions: heparin-binding, EGF-like, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. (org.ua)

Conversion of this insoluble material involves often slow and complex refolding methods, making protein purification difficult. (justia.com)

Spontaneous sensitization to drugs, chemicals, or metals is believed to involve dif-fusion of the haptenic substance into the dermis mostly through the sweat glands (hy-drophobic substances appear to penetrate the skin more easily than hydrophilic sub-stances) and once in the dermis, the haptenic groups will react spontaneously with "carrier" proteins. (brainkart.com)

A comparative analysis of immunogenic proteins across human OPXVs identified a large subset of proteins that could potentially be specifically recognized in response to a MPXV infection. (cdc.gov)

Intradermal injection of tuberculin or purified protein derivative (PPD) into an individual that has been previously sensitized (by exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or by BCG vaccination) is followed, 24 hours after the injection, by a skin reaction at the site of injec-tion characterized by redness and induration. (brainkart.com)
The cleavage reaction is performed by contacting the fusion protein with a proteolytic enzyme under appropriate conditions. (justia.com)

Plasma samples were probed on protein microarray to obtain antibody response profiles from the same individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
Febrile patients had stronger antibody responses than asymptomatic carriers. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that loss of the DNA repair protein XPA markedly augments the synthetic lethality between MK2 and p53, enhancing anti-tumor responses alone and in combination with cisplatin chemotherapy. (nature.com)
The importance of histamine in various physiological functions and its involvement in allergenic responses make this small molecule one of the most studied biogenic amines. (justia.com)

Bmi-1 (B cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus integration site-1) was the first gene discovered in the polycomb protein family, and it plays an important role in cell immortalization and differentiation and embryonic stem cell development [1]. (docksci.com)
Few carrier molecules are embedded in the membrane which helps to control the flow of specific molecules by binding to them and transporting it in a specific direction. (student-baba.com)

Non-motile bacteria are more immunogenic due to a lower expression of arnT upon host-cell contact, but do not produce spermidine and are phagocytosed less. (elifesciences.org)

What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)

In addition, heterogeneity among patients and tumours make drug resistance a highly challenging event [ 5 ] . (oaepublish.com)

Furthermore, very small molecules, such as histamine (11.14 g/mol) which consists of an imidazole ring and a short carbon chain terminated with a primary amine, pose even more of a challenge due in part to their limited functionalities. (justia.com)
The outer layer also called the outer membrane consists of lipopolysaccharides , lipids and proteins (Porins). (student-baba.com)

Potential of nanomedicines to overcome resistance, ameliorate solubility, improve pharmacological profile, and reduce adverse effects of chemotherapeutical drugs is thus highly regarded. (oaepublish.com)
Despite the additional steps which are required to produce a protein of interest as a fusion protein, rather than directly in its active form, the production of hybrid proteins has been found to overcome a number of problems. (justia.com)

The hepatitis viruses include a range of unrelated and often highly unusual human pathogens. (medmuv.com)
No. 4,743,679 which discloses a process for the production of human epidermal growth factor comprising cleavage of a fusion protein by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. (justia.com)

It is believed that these compounds couple spontaneously to an endogenous carrier protein, and as a result of this coupling the small molecule will act as a hapten, while the endogenous protein will play the role of a carrier. (brainkart.com)

The high-quality mariculture KLH is rendered sulfhydryl-reactive by chemical modification with Sulfo-SMCC crosslinker, and the resulting maleimide-activated protein is then stabilized and lyophilized in phosphate buffer. (fishersci.com)
Moreover, a majority of chemotherapeutic drugs are highly hydrophobic and need to be diluted in organic solvents, which cause high toxicity, in order to reach effective therapeutic dose. (oaepublish.com)
The sphere-like morphology of E/PCF-NPs showed a high EE%, uniform size of 106.7 nm, remarkable stability, and highly improved cytotoxicity under NIR laser, when compared to that of photothermal treatment alone. (dovepress.com)

As demonstrated on LF fibroblasts, the resistance to trypsin was similar in serum-supplemented and serum-free media, i.e., medium without cell adhesion-mediating proteins. (nature.com)

Molecules such as growth factors, delivered in this fashion can be locally concentrated and guarded against degradation by the surrounding nanomaterials lattice, and can both stimulate and control a natural process of self-healing or regeneration. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling system that is required for embryonic development and regeneration of organs. (frontiersin.org)

The present invention relates to a combination of 2 or more S. pneumoniae proteins, their manufacture and use in medicine as a vaccine. (allindianpatents.com)

As expected, the liposomal virus rendered it immunogenic and harder to fight [86,129]. (researchgate.net)

Nowadays, growing scientific interest to DT is associated with possibility of its use in medicine as a carrier protein in conjugate vaccines, a component of immunotoxin drugs, and in anticancer therapy. (org.ua)

Fusion partners known to the prior art include maltose binding protein (Di Guan et al. (justia.com)

ROS-modified Hb was found to be highly immunogenic in rabbits as compare to native Hb. (scialert.net)
Enzymes known to the prior art as "proteolytic enzymes" have been found to be particularly well suited for the cleavage of fusion proteins. (justia.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms21

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes62

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care4

Cytokines4

Antigens13

Induce3

Recombinant5

Pathway8

Receptors3

Tumors3

Poorly1

Biodegradable2

Antibodies8

Cytosol1

Immune3

Amino2

Hapten-carrier1

Acute1

Clinical1

Subunits1

Autologous2

Detection7

Cells7

Soluble1

Antigen4

Vaccines are highly effective1

Serological1

Receptor1

Methods1

Substances1

Large1

Reaction2

Antibody2

Responses2

Specific2

Bacteria1

Gene2

Heterogeneity1

Consists2

Overcome2

Human2

Small1

High3

Resistance1

Growth factors1

Embryonic1

Present1

Virus1

Drugs1

Include1

Found2