AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Cell DivisionKineticsMolecular Sequence DataRNA, MessengerCell LineAsymmetric Cell DivisionMitosisCell CycleMutationAmino Acid SequenceCell Adhesion MoleculesCytokinesisBacterial ProteinsSpindle ApparatusCell Cycle ProteinsEscherichia coliModels, BiologicalCell PolarityCytoskeletal ProteinsBase SequenceCell Nucleus DivisionProtein BindingSignal TransductionCell DifferentiationDNA ReplicationCells, CulturedChromosome SegregationMicroscopy, FluorescenceMicrotubulesPhenotypeMembrane ProteinsCentrosomeArabidopsisEscherichia coli ProteinsTime FactorsMeristemDrosophila ProteinsArabidopsis ProteinsEmbryo, NonmammalianDNACaulobacter crescentusGreen Fluorescent ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCaenorhabditis elegansCell NucleusMeiosisGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalCloning, MolecularModels, MolecularSmall Molecule LibrariesStem CellsTemperatureMicroscopy, ElectronSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSchizosaccharomycesCaenorhabditis elegans ProteinsCell ProliferationDrosophilaProtein Structure, TertiaryBinding SitesCell WallDNA, BacterialTranscription FactorsCell LineageMorphogenesisGene Expression Regulation, PlantPlant RootsCell EnlargementCarrier ProteinsChromosomes, BacterialCell MembraneTime-Lapse ImagingPeptidoglycan GlycosyltransferaseFlow CytometryMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsMicroscopy, Phase-ContrastTubulinProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesDNA-Binding ProteinsMice, Inbred C57BLJuvenile HormonesLuminescent ProteinsHeLa CellsPhosphorylationInterphasePlant ProteinsNuclear ProteinsSequence AlignmentCell SizeBacillus subtilisPlasmidsRecombinant ProteinsThymidineTranscription, GeneticProtein TransportProtein ConformationDrosophila melanogasterPlant CellsGene Expression Regulation
ProteinGenesSingle molecule spectroscopyProteinsSmall-molecule drugChromosomesMembranesBiologyMitosisGrow and divideMutations are passedApoptosisEnzymesBiologicalIntracellularSpecific moleculesDifferent moleculesInhibitorReceptors on heartStem cellsScientistsGenomeDrugsElectronTumorStimulatesFunctionalTherapeuticsTherapiesReplicateCellularEukaryotic cellAmphiphilicBacteriaScaffoldFluorescentReceptorTargetsCancerGeneticReplicationSignalsDifferentiationBinds2020SubstancesDouble helixBacterial cellMulticellular organismStimulateChromosomePhysiologicalEndothelial cellsMetabolismMethylationHumanStructureGeneticsStructures and functionsCycleHair follicleStrandsMutationInteractionsGene expressionMechanismLund UniversityCopiesRapidly1997Stages of cell
Protein37
  • A ring of protein filaments forms around the future division site, and enzymes associated with this ring build a new crosswall that cleaves the bacteria in half. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We began by examining the motion of FtsZ , a cytoskeletal filament that is required for cell division - cytokinesis - in bacteria and is related to the tubulin cytoskeletal protein found in eukaryotic cells. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • At the earliest stages of division, it was possible to image division protein organization because the proteins in the partially assembled ring are sparsely distributed. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • However, a new strategy was required to measure how the dense protein network of actively dividing cells was organized. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We have, for example, used the liquid flow from a µm-sized pipette to trap and accumulate molecules locally in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), 1 and used this to measure the mobility of protein molecules in a lipid bilayer without labels. (lu.se)
  • In the August 12 issue of the journal Nature, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania detail the creation of a library of small protein-like molecules that can self-assemble to form hollow corkscrew-like pores that could mimic pores seen in living systems. (news-medical.net)
  • Without the BLM protein, the cell is less able to repair DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light, which results in increased sun sensitivity. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These precision medicine approaches use next-generation sequencing and liquid biopsy to identify tumor cells and actionable protein targets from noninvasive patient samples. (scienceboard.net)
  • When this complex forms the CDK can phosphorylate a target protein which alters it's function and initiates the cell to advance to the next phase. (jove.com)
  • Positive regulators include two protein groups that allow cells to pass through regulatory checkpoints: cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (jove.com)
  • HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers are defined as those that have an excess number of HER2 genes or over-produce the protein product of the HER2 gene, the HER2 cell surface receptor. (cancer.gov)
  • Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a drug developed in 1990s to target HER2+ breast cancers, is a large monoclonal antibody that, once injected into patients, binds to the portion of the HER2 protein that sits on the outer surface of the cancer cell. (cancer.gov)
  • Lapatinib acts by entering a cancer cell and binding to the part of the HER2 protein that lies just beneath the cell's outer membrane. (cancer.gov)
  • It is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that enters a cancer cell and binds to the part of the HER2 protein that sits just beneath the cell's outer membrane. (cancer.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Cdc 37, a cell division cycle control protein of Sacchromyces cerevisiae. (nih.gov)
  • This protein is a molecular chaperone with specific function in cell signal transduction. (nih.gov)
  • Small-molecule inhibitor targeting the Hsp90-Cdc37 protein-protein interaction in colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • This protein helps your cells grow and divide. (webmd.com)
  • The KRAS gene plays a role in making a protein called K-Ras, which helps cells grow and divide. (webmd.com)
  • In the adult brain, the Tlx protein is responsible for generating new neurons from tissue stem cells. (dkfz.de)
  • Scientists from the divisions of Professor Dr. G nther Sch tz and Professor Dr. Peter Lichter at the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) have recently shown in mouse brains that brain stem cells in the subventricular zone are characterized by a specific molecule: Protein Tlx, a transcription factor, which stimulates the activity of various genes. (dkfz.de)
  • Functioning of the stem cells thus appears to depend on the presence of this protein. (dkfz.de)
  • For example, paclitaxel (Taxol), which is prescribed for breast, ovarian and other cancers, works by binding to the tubulin protein, inhibiting the formation of structures called microtubules that are needed for cell division. (livescience.com)
  • Gleevec's target is a protein called a kinase, and the drug's design is based on years of experiments on the basic biology of how cancer cells grow. (livescience.com)
  • Some of the most widely prescribed drugs function by blocking proteins called G protein-coupled receptors, which play key roles in transmitting the signals that allow a cell to respond to its environment. (livescience.com)
  • When MspA's residues are colored by charge (negatively charged amino acids are shown in red, positively charged in blue and neutral in gray) we can see that the native MspA protein might not let a negatively changed molecule like DNA pass through (see if you can see why). (scienceblogs.com)
  • Kinase inhibitors are enzyme inhibitors that blocks the action of one or more protein kinases which interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. (drugs.com)
  • First was the kind of protein - TGF-beta - which manages both the cell division or apoptosis stages of hair follicles, and now a team from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) has found the exact protein molecule that is tasked with signaling to those same follicles that a hair growth stage is now in order. (notebookcheck.net)
  • These molecules are involved in cell division, metastasis, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and regulation of protein degradation. (pennmedicine.org)
  • The SV40 T-antigen, the first protein the virus makes inside a host cell, is needed for the very first step of replication of the virus DNA. (cshl.edu)
  • The Stillman lab searched for the protein(s) that start cell chromosome duplication, rather than virus genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • By combinatorial screening using H4 and molecules with defined targets, we demonstrated that H4 induces differentiation by the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, and in line with this, activates PKC phosphorylation and translocation of PKC to the cell membrane. (lu.se)
  • Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
  • DNA contains the code, or blueprint, used to synthesize a protein or a ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the code to construct a protein or RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)
  • Even if the DNA sequence - the set of genes - is the same in all cells, only certain genes are expressed, i.e. only information from certain genes is copied (transcribed) and used to build protein structures or regulate processes. (lu.se)
Genes20
  • Cellular noise was originally, and is still often, examined in the context of gene expression levels - either the concentration or copy number of the products of genes within and between cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intrinsic noise refers to variation in identically regulated quantities within a single cell: for example, the intra-cell variation in expression levels of two identically controlled genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic noise levels are often compared in dual reporter studies, in which the expression levels of two identically regulated genes (often fluorescent reporters like GFP and YFP) are plotted for each cell in a population. (wikipedia.org)
  • The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
  • HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor ( ErbB ) family of genes, which encode proteins that are cell surface-bound tyrosine kinase proteins. (cancer.gov)
  • If you have non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), your disease began with changes to your genes. (webmd.com)
  • Genes are pieces of DNA inside each of your cells. (webmd.com)
  • Turn on" the genes that help your cells grow, divide, or stay alive. (webmd.com)
  • Turn off" the genes that make sure cells divide or die at the right time. (webmd.com)
  • The result of all these changes to your genes: Some cells become cancerous and grow out of control. (webmd.com)
  • Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research in Bad Nauheim have now discovered that the two micro RNA molecules miR-1 and miR-133 in the adult heart inactivate two genes that normally force cell division. (mpg.de)
  • Micro-RNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules that are crucially involved in regulating the activity of genes. (mpg.de)
  • Indeed, the expression of the genes for the oncostatin M receptor and the FGF receptor 1 increased in these cells, and with it the number of receptor molecules. (mpg.de)
  • His field of study, called functional genomics, uses systematic high throughput methods to inhibit genes one by one and see what effect it will have on the growth of the cell. (albany.edu)
  • Indeed, with the same genetic background, two neighbor cells do not express their genes in the same way. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gene expression generally produces proteins, but there are also non-coding genes that produce RNA molecules (rRNA, tRNA). (lu.se)
  • It is not only the genes that code for proteins that are methylated, but also parts of the DNA that code for regulatory functions (RNA molecules), which can have a greater effect than genes. (lu.se)
  • Because epigenetic changes are essentially reversible - unlike genetic changes - the starting point for the search for drugs is that epigenetically inactivated genes can be reactivated (and vice versa) if only the right molecule is added. (lu.se)
Single molecule spectroscopy1
  • In the Single Molecule Spectroscopy group we aim to study these properties on an individual crystal scale since ensemble measurements often obscure them. (lu.se)
Proteins26
  • Analyzing the subcellular distribution of the mutant proteins as well as their ability to support division site placement, we identified four clusters of residues that are important for MipZ activity. (mpg.de)
  • For example, cells which are genetically identical, even within the same tissue, are often observed to have different expression levels of proteins, different sizes and structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • But what has remained completely mysterious is how these proteins work together as a single nanoscale machine to cut the bacterial balloon skin (cell wall) in two. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Working together with collaborators in Delft, Indiana and Harvard, we tracked the organization and motion of key division proteins as they build the dividing crosswall, and the organization of the newly built crosswall itself. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • One challenge that we faced was trying to look at the division proteins in actively dividing cells. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Normally, bacteria are immobilized flat on a microscope slide, and imaged from underneath, but unfortunately this places the division ring side-on, obscuring the motion and organization of division proteins. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We are currently developing these pipette-based techniques with the aim to use them to obtain fundamental knowledge about real biological problems such as how proteins interact and organize on the surface of cells and how different molecules interact locally with the cell membrane 6 . (lu.se)
  • Cells use an array of proteins to accomplish the job, including a large enzyme complex that synthesizes new strands of DNA. (news-medical.net)
  • Proteins critical for compacting DNA in preparation for cell division actually interact with the double helix to fashion it into a kind of "molecular Velcro," researchers have discovered. (news-medical.net)
  • During this process, cancer cells evolve and express new proteins that are not targeted by the initial therapy. (scienceboard.net)
  • But Rombotis explained that the industry now has far more sophisticated tools (i.e., genetic profiling to identify elevated proteins) to guide the development and treatment of targeted small-molecule therapies. (scienceboard.net)
  • A cells cycle is positively regulated promoting progress through the stages via the interaction of two classes of proteins found in the cytoplasm. (jove.com)
  • Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • Its effect on the function of other proteins in the ErbB family of proteins that may also fuel cancer cell growth is being studied. (cancer.gov)
  • Sorafenib tosylate works by blocking proteins that signal cancer cells to divide. (cancer.gov)
  • Most medicines work by affecting the actions of proteins, which perform important jobs in cells. (livescience.com)
  • Newer anticancer drugs are more discriminating, often targeting important proteins that are abnormally active in certain cancers.One such drug, imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), halts a cell-communication pathway that is always "on" in a cancer of the blood called chronic myelogenous leukemia. (livescience.com)
  • They reasoned that special proteins must exist that would transport DNA across cell membranes. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a group of proteins involved with every cell division event in our cells. (cshl.edu)
  • In the mammalian genome, this group of proteins assembles at tens of thousands of sites all at once, ensuring each chromosome is copied precisely once per cell division. (cshl.edu)
  • T-antigen hijacks other proteins from the infected cell to replicate the virus genome. (cshl.edu)
  • Over the next few decades researchers would use SV40 replication to discover dozens of cellular proteins that are necessary for human cell genome replication. (cshl.edu)
  • The ORC complex proteins are kept near each other in liquid compartments in the nucleus and recruit proteins such as CDC6 and other proteins that control when to commit the cell to divide. (cshl.edu)
  • Not only are ORC proteins involved in DNA replication, but they also help divide the chromosomes equally into the two new cells. (cshl.edu)
  • Alternatively, dendrimersomes encapsulating DNA, proteins, or therapeutic molecules can be developed for applications in nanomedicine. (upenn.edu)
Small-molecule drug3
  • July 12, 2021 -- The way forward for small-molecule drug manufacturers is through orally administered products, according to Spiro Rombotis, president and CEO of Cyclacel, who recently spoke with ScienceBoard.net . (scienceboard.net)
  • The company has several small-molecule drug candidates that fill the unmet needs of cancer patients. (scienceboard.net)
  • It is a small-molecule drug (a drug that can enter cells easily). (cancer.gov)
Chromosomes13
Membranes3
  • Combined with advanced fluorescence microscopy (single molecule, FRAP, TIRF) makes this a powerful method to study the properties and function of different molecules in cell membranes. (lu.se)
  • To do this, the tumour cells form long thin channels from their membranes, so-called tumour microtubules, that connect them to other tumour cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For example, researchers can tailor dendrimersomes to mimic cell membranes and perform fundamental biological studies to better understand how cells grow and divide. (upenn.edu)
Biology9
  • As gene expression levels are responsible for many fundamental properties in cellular biology, including cells' physical appearance, behaviour in response to stimuli, and ability to process information and control internal processes, the presence of noise in gene expression has profound implications for many processes in cellular biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial cell division is a lovely mechanistic problem in biology: how do the simplest living organisms build a crosswall at mid cell, against very high outwards pressure (think of a racing bike tyre), without bursting? (ncl.ac.uk)
  • General principles of biology focusing on the basic chemistry of life, cell biology, molecular biology, and genetics in all types of living organisms. (upenn.edu)
  • This course will include the major topics of cell biology and microbiology that are foundational for an understanding of normal and pathological cellular processes. (upenn.edu)
  • The context for this course will be the application of cell biology and microbiology for understanding the cellular basis of cancer and infectious human infection disease processes. (upenn.edu)
  • From the intricate molecular world inside our cells to how our body systems work and the dynamic interactions between organisms and their environment, A-level Biology is the study of life in all its rich complexity. (ucb.ac.uk)
  • This course element will introduce you to the fundamental principles of medically related cell biology and molecular and clinical genetics. (le.ac.uk)
  • 5] "Molecular Biology of the cells", B. Alberts et al. (sns.it)
  • Biology research dna nucleus cells vector pattern. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
Mitosis5
Grow and divide3
  • This gene plays a role in how your cells grow and divide. (webmd.com)
  • Cancer cells grow and divide rapidly and can be identified by the high rate of metabolism. (mddionline.com)
  • BTK is a tyrosine kinase, a type of molecule that signals cells to grow and divide. (albany.edu)
Mutations are passed1
  • When a cell divides, the mutations are passed on to the daughter cells, but only mutations that occur in the DNA of the gametes are passed on to the next generation. (lu.se)
Apoptosis2
  • The drug can induce the body's own process of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by targeting CDK 2 and CDK 9, which will lead to cancer cells committing suicide and allow regular cells to return to normal cell cycle functions. (scienceboard.net)
  • The team's findings strongly suggest that EdU kills cells by inducing a runaway process of futile excision repair, which ultimately leads the cell to terminate itself through a programmed cell-death process called apoptosis. (newswise.com)
Enzymes6
  • We imaged the motion of individual cell wall synthesis enzymes, and saw that the synthesis enzymes ride on FtsZ filaments, building new cell wall as they travel along the division site. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Prior to cell division, double-stranded DNA is encircled by two separate MCM complex enzymes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Signaling can also be stopped by targeting the enzymes that create a molecule involved in the process. (livescience.com)
  • www.cmt-inc.net), makes it possible to use frozen assay-ready cells for screening as if they were ordinary assay reagents like enzymes or membrane preparations. (genengnews.com)
  • Enzymes within the body create reactions that convert one substance into a final product that can be used by the body's cells. (preeclampsia.org)
  • This methylation is also at the heart of how restriction enzymes are produced in a bacterial cell that don't then chop up that own cell's DNA but are used to recognize foreign DNA. (genome.gov)
Biological4
  • Particular attention is given to the ways in which modern cell biological and molecular genetic methods contribute to our understanding of evolutionary processes, the mechanistic basis of human disease, and recent biotechnological innovations. (upenn.edu)
  • Using a molecular-biological trick, the investigators induced an overproduction of Tlx by the brain stem cells of mice. (dkfz.de)
  • Introduction to the structure of biological molecules [6]. (sns.it)
  • Diisocyanates are reactive compounds, MDI can react under physiological conditions with various functional groups found on biological molecules resulting in conjugate formation or undergo non-enzymatic hydrolysis to form 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA). (cdc.gov)
Intracellular1
  • This triggered intracellular processes, at the end of which cell division was initiated in the cardiac muscle cells. (mpg.de)
Specific molecules2
  • These treatments inactivate specific molecules in cancer cells that are necessary for cell growth and survival, unlike more general treatments, such as chemotherapy, that interfere with all cells that may be dividing. (cancer.gov)
  • Radiopharmaceuticals are designed to bind to specific molecules on cancer cells, allowing physicians to identify and locate the tumor. (mddionline.com)
Different molecules2
  • Definition of Adhesion and Cohesion As for the definitions, the tendency of two or more different molecules to bond with each other is known as adhesion, whereas the force of attraction between the same molecules is known as cohesion. (github.io)
  • Adhesion is the property of different molecules or surfaces to cling to each other. (github.io)
Inhibitor1
  • MipZ forms bipolar gradients within the cell and acts as an inhibitor of FtsZ polymerization, thereby restricting assembly of the Z-ring to the midcell region. (mpg.de)
Receptors on heart2
  • 2 We have also delivered molecules from nm-sized pipettes to the surface of neuronal cells to locally stimulate and study heat- and pain-sensitive receptors, 3 and delivered small molecular drugs to study receptors on heart cells 4,5 . (lu.se)
  • We found that miR-1/133a suppresses two receptors on heart muscle cells. (mpg.de)
Stem cells9
  • Scientists from the German Cancer Research Center (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, DKFZ) have now shown for the first time that malignant brain tumors arise directly from brain stem cells. (dkfz.de)
  • Overproduction of Tlx in mice stimulates the development of malignant brain tumors from brain stem cells. (dkfz.de)
  • This is where neural or brain stem cells reside, which are responsible for generating new neurons if needed. (dkfz.de)
  • In the adult animal, Tlx is expressed exclusively in brain stem cells. (dkfz.de)
  • When the scientists switched off Tlx, there were no more detectable stem cells in the brain and the formation of new neurons ceased. (dkfz.de)
  • Moreover, the scientists discovered that stem cells with increased Tlx production stimulate the formation of new vessels. (dkfz.de)
  • Obtained from plant extracts that target hair follicle stem cells and stimulate cell division. (suzannesomers.com)
  • Accordingly, in contrast to organs with a high regenerative capacity, no divisible, regenerative stem cells are found in the heart. (mpg.de)
  • We revealed that the SCUBE3 signaling molecule, which dermal papilla cells produce naturally, is the messenger used to 'tell' the neighboring hair stem cells to start dividing, which heralds the onset of new hair growth. (notebookcheck.net)
Scientists6
  • Newswise - CHAPEL HILL, NC - Scientists at the UNC School of Medicine have made the surprising discovery that a molecule called EdU, which is commonly used in laboratory experiments to label DNA, is in fact recognized by human cells as DNA damage, triggering a runaway process of DNA repair that is eventually fatal to affected cells, including cancer cells. (newswise.com)
  • EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) is essentially a popular scientific tool first synthesized in 2008 as an analog, or chemical mimic, of the DNA building block thymidine - which represents the letter "T" in the DNA code of adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T). Scientists add EdU to cells in lab experiments to replace the thymidine in DNA. (newswise.com)
  • For a long time scientists knew that DNA gets in and out of cells. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) President and CEO Bruce Stillman and other CSHL scientists have been working for decades to understand the intricacies of ORC, DNA replication, and cell division. (cshl.edu)
  • Scientists in the preceding years had already been seeing faint structures in cells , but their dyes were not good enough to reveal what any of these structures did. (visionlearning.com)
  • Throughout the 19th century, as microscopes developed, scientists had been seeing clues of structures in dividing cells of eukaryotes . (visionlearning.com)
Genome2
  • To replicate the genome once and only once per cell division, there are many feedback loops, checks, and balances. (cshl.edu)
  • Anti aging genome editing concepts with dna molecule structure. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
Drugs6
  • Based on the discovery that the treadmilling motion of the bacterial cytoskeleton is critical for division, it may be possible to develop new drugs that specifically inhibit this motion, similar to how the chemotherapy drug taxol suppresses the motion of the cytoskeleton in cancer cells. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • But the small-molecule industry can do better than the traditional chemotherapy look-alike drugs that immediately come to mind. (scienceboard.net)
  • Many anticancer drugs act by killing cells that divide rapidly, but they can also affect healthy dividing cells. (livescience.com)
  • After excluding the existence of potential side and off-target effects, we tested the influence of the 3 drugs on the ability of cells to differentiate. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • The results were clear: both drugs that reduced the SGE also decreased the percentage of differentiated cells. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • We finally used a dynamical mathematical model to confirm the specificity of these drugs on the differentiation rate in our cells. (ens-lyon.fr)
Electron1
  • Fundamental studies of photoelectrochemical processes in complex materials, including photophysics and photochemistry of light-harvesting and light-emitting molecules, as well as energy and electron transfer processes in supramolecular systems and molecular-semiconductor hybrid nanomaterials. (lu.se)
Tumor1
  • However, they also may have limited effectiveness in some patients whose tumor growth depends on molecules that are not exclusively targeted by the agents or whose cancer mutates to use other growth pathways. (cancer.gov)
Stimulates1
Functional5
  • The heart consists of many individual heart muscle cells that are electrically interconnected and represent a functional unit. (mpg.de)
  • We are currently pursuing a number of these molecules in an effort to demonstrate their biochemical, structural and functional relevance in human cancers. (pennmedicine.org)
  • To summarize, by using single cell transcriptomic data coupled with a mathematical model, we succeeded to experimentally demonstrate for the first time a functional link between SGE and differentiation. (ens-lyon.fr)
  • Unfortunately, the dyes killed the cells, and since the structures under the microscope were difficult to see as it was, Flemming's forerunners weren't sure they were seeing anything characteristic of a live, functional cell. (visionlearning.com)
  • By analysing tissues, cell cultures and bodily fluids, we identify and characterise the biochemical causes of various functional deficiencies as well as conditions of disease and health. (lu.se)
Therapeutics1
  • Cyclacel is a developer of small-molecule therapeutics that was founded by leading cell cycle biologist Sir David Lane, PhD, in 1997. (scienceboard.net)
Therapies4
  • A team of researchers at the University of Alberta in Edmonton and the Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute in Toronto have discovered how a key enzyme involved in repairing DNA is put together and how it works--a development that opens up new therapies for making cancer cells more vulnerable to attack. (news-medical.net)
  • This leaves a large unmet gap in treatment options, where small-molecule therapies can play a role, Rombotis explained. (scienceboard.net)
  • Resistance occurs when traditional cancer therapies fail to kill all of a patient's cancer cells. (scienceboard.net)
  • The few resistant cells that survive hide in parts of the bone marrow, where it is very hard to reach them with conventional therapies. (scienceboard.net)
Replicate1
  • Some cells replicate faster and others slower, and the entire process can be interrupted. (visionlearning.com)
Cellular4
  • Diffusive cellular dynamics: many important cellular processes rely on collisions between reactants (for example, RNA polymerase and DNA) and other physical criteria which, given the diffusive dynamic nature of the cell, occur stochastically. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are using genetics, genomics and biochemical approaches to establish unknown pathways involved in these cellular events and attempting to develop models that explain how gammaherpesviruses establish transformation in human cells. (pennmedicine.org)
  • We are interested in other related functions of EBNA3C through its interactions with a number of other cellular molecules. (pennmedicine.org)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
Eukaryotic cell1
  • General organization of the eukaryotic cell. (sns.it)
Amphiphilic3
  • Here, we present an oil-in-water droplet system comprising an amphiphilic imine dissolved in chloroform that catalyses its own formation by bringing together a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic precursor, which leads to repeated droplet division. (nature.com)
  • We demonstrate that the presence of the amphiphilic replicator, by lowering the interfacial tension between droplets of the reaction mixture and the aqueous phase, causes them to divide. (nature.com)
  • The team studied dendrimers, which are branched amphiphilic molecules possessing both polar and apolar character. (upenn.edu)
Bacteria5
  • In most bacteria, cell division requires assembly of FtsZ, the tubulin homologue, into a ring-like structure, the so-called Z-ring. (mpg.de)
  • By trapping individual bacteria upright, we were able to rotate the cell division ring so that it was fully visible on our high resolution microscope. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The antibiotic penicillin, for example, hones in on an enzyme that builds bacterial cell walls, causing infecting bacteria to burst and die. (livescience.com)
  • This complex has several functions: for instance, to immobilise an antigen therefore preventing attack upon host cells, to block active toxic regions of particular bacteria, and to allow phagocytic attack. (referat.ru)
  • Memory cells are the basis of active immunisation against bacteria (Downie et. (referat.ru)
Scaffold2
  • The Z-ring acts as a scaffold for the cell division machinery and marks the future division site. (mpg.de)
  • Previously, the cytoskeleton was thought to serve as a static scaffold, recruiting other molecules and perhaps exerting some force to divide the cell. (ncl.ac.uk)
Fluorescent1
  • Unlike other thymidine analogs, it has a convenient chemical "handle" to which fluorescent probe molecules will bond tightly. (newswise.com)
Receptor3
  • A molecule of an adrenergic receptor-blocking drug. (livescience.com)
  • The two molecules, oncostatin M receptor and FGF receptor 1, control the division activity of heart muscle cells in the adult heart,' says Thomas Böttger, one of the lead authors of the study. (mpg.de)
  • This expanding panel of cell-based receptor assays, which currently includes 54 targets, is being offered by CMT for custom compound profiling to evaluate compound selectivity over a wide range of likely GPCR targets. (genengnews.com)
Targets1
  • Redistribution assays can be multiplexed by either expressing two targets in the same cell line labeled with different colors, or by mixing different assay cell lines directly in the microtiter plate well. (genengnews.com)
Cancer21
  • Recent research has highlighted a strong correlation between tissue-specific cancer risk and the lifetime number of tissue-specific stem-cell divisions. (nature.com)
  • First, we demonstrate that the correlation between stem-cell division and cancer risk does not distinguish between the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. (nature.com)
  • Figure 1: Schematic showing how intrinsic processes and extrinsic factors relate to cancer risks through stem-cell division. (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: Correlation analysis of stem-cell division and cancer risk does not distinguish contribution of extrinsic versus intrinsic factors to cancer risk. (nature.com)
  • Sell, S. Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy. (nature.com)
  • Visvader, J. E. Cells of origin in cancer. (nature.com)
  • Tomasetti, C. & Vogelstein, B. Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions. (nature.com)
  • The discovery, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , points to the possibility of using EdU as the basis for a cancer treatment, given its toxicity and its selectivity for cells that divide fast. (newswise.com)
  • Sancar and colleagues also realized that EdU's properties might make it the basis for an effective brain cancer drug because EdU becomes incorporated into DNA only in cells that are actively dividing, whereas, in the brain, most healthy cells are non-dividing. (newswise.com)
  • Prior studies have already found evidence that EdU kills cancer cells, including brain cancer cells, but strangely, no one has ever followed up on those results," Sancar said. (newswise.com)
  • The cancer begins in squamous cells, the flat cells that line the inside of the lung airways. (webmd.com)
  • Blocking these signals keeps cancer cells from growing and may kill them. (cancer.gov)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (a type of kidney cancer ) that is advanced . (cancer.gov)
  • The risk is highest in people with cancer, blood cell disorders, pre-existing dental problems, or people treated with steroids, chemotherapy , or radiation. (drugs.com)
  • They can also be used to directly target cancer cells, killing them and reducing the growth of tumors without harming healthy tissues. (mddionline.com)
  • When Doug Conklin started working on cell lines at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, he was out to discover cancer-causing mutations. (albany.edu)
  • BTK was previously only known to be active in B cells, but Conklin's lab discovered that this gene was being turned on (in the slightly different "C" form) in solid tissue cancer cells as well. (albany.edu)
  • In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • A Systematic Review of Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor (MET) and Its Impact in the Development and Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. (lu.se)
Genetic5
  • All of these changes are associated with gaps and breaks in the genetic material that impair normal cell activities and cause the health problems associated with this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Genetic changes that allow cells to divide in an uncontrolled way lead to the cancers that occur in people with Bloom syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Eventually, these cells can cause a relapse via acquired genetic resistance. (scienceboard.net)
  • When the genetic information containing the "blueprint" for these substances is disrupted, cell homeostasis is disrupted, resulting in a wide-range of immediate and/or delayed toxicological effects. (cdc.gov)
  • To investigate the background in more detail, the Max Planck researchers used heart muscle cells in which miR-1/133a could be temporarily inactivated by genetic engineering. (mpg.de)
Replication8
  • This bridges a divide, showing how replication at the molecular level can be used to drive macroscale droplet fission. (nature.com)
  • For instance, during G1, when one type of cyclin, named D, is synthesized and binds to a CDK, the cell transitions into S phase, as another cyclin, E, peaks and forms a complex with CDK to promote DNA replication. (jove.com)
  • As we speak, hundreds and maybe thousands of researchers use EdU to study DNA replication and cell proliferation in lab experiments without knowing that human cells detect it as DNA damage," Sancar said. (newswise.com)
  • Before cells divide, their DNA must be precisely copied in a process called replication. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Enemark and his colleagues have produced the first atomic resolution image of the MCM complex bound to single-strand DNA and the molecules that fuel replication. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Cell division and DNA replication are crucial parts of life. (cshl.edu)
  • CDC6 then binds to ORC1, bringing the other molecules along, allowing replication to begin. (cshl.edu)
  • Tightly-controlled feedback loops between ORC1, CDC6, and a number of other molecules regulate the timing of replication. (cshl.edu)
Signals2
  • Researchers from the University of California, Irvine, have discovered the molecule that signals hair growth, SCUBE3. (notebookcheck.net)
  • At different times during the hair follicle life cycle, the very same dermal papilla cells can send signals that either keep follicles dormant or trigger new hair growth. (notebookcheck.net)
Differentiation2
  • Several cells are known to initiate the process of plasma cell differentiation and are known collectively as antigen presenting cells (APCs) (Waller & Renwick, 1994). (referat.ru)
  • First, we screened 513 natural compounds on primary AML cells and identified a novel diterpene (H4) that preferentially induced differentiation of FLT3 wild-type AMLs, while FLT3-ITD/mutations conferred resistance. (lu.se)
Binds2
  • When they hit a certain balance, ORC begins to assemble, while CDC6 binds to another duo of molecules called Cyclin E-CDK2. (cshl.edu)
  • We show that in cells, CENP-E binds Spindly and recruits RZZ-S complexes to ectopic locations in a farnesyl-dependent manner. (bvsalud.org)
20203
  • Previously, Dr. Dugan was appointed deputy director of the Influenza Division in 2020, and served as acting director of the Influenza Division for six months in 2020 and from June 2021-April 2023. (cdc.gov)
  • Prior to being appointed deputy director in 2020, Dr. Dugan served as the deputy branch chief of the Virology, Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch (VSDB) in the Influenza Division beginning in 2016. (cdc.gov)
  • A research project to develop and characterize "Photofunctional Iron Complexes" involving the Theoretical Chemistry Division at Lund University has been awarded 35,000,000 SEK in funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation for the five-year period 2020 - 2024. (lu.se)
Substances3
  • Preusser: "Potential treatment strategies could therefore be to chemically inhibit the tumour cell network using calcium blockers or substances that affect connexin 43 or GAP 43. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The disease starts in cells that release substances, like mucus. (webmd.com)
  • Through advanced molecular design, the Lund researchers have now successfully manipulated the electronic properties of iron-based molecules so that they much better resemble the ruthenium-based substances. (lu.se)
Double helix2
  • Each DNA molecule is a long double helix that resembles a spiral staircase containing millions of steps. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The DNA molecule is a long, coiled double helix that resembles a spiral staircase. (msdmanuals.com)
Bacterial cell2
  • This causes the cell wall to be synthesized in discrete sites that travel around the division site during cytokinesis, a process which we were able to observe directly by using dyes that label the bacterial cell wall. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Together, these results revealed the basic mechanistic principles of bacterial cell division: that the building of the division crosswall is orchestrated by moving cytoskeletal filaments. (ncl.ac.uk)
Multicellular organism2
Stimulate2
  • We are, for this purpose, developing different methods using nm- to µm-sized pipettes to locally manipulate and stimulate molecules on the surface of cells (see Fig. 1). (lu.se)
  • In the future, miR-1 and miR-133 could be used to specifically switch on cell division in the heart, for example to stimulate heart muscle regeneration after a heart attack. (mpg.de)
Chromosome1
Physiological1
  • New heart muscle cells produced by cell division could disrupt this physiological process and cause the heart to become out of sync. (mpg.de)
Endothelial cells1
Metabolism2
  • B12 is one of eight B vitamins involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body. (preeclampsia.org)
  • In both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, B12 helps to create red blood cells and provide the body energy. (preeclampsia.org)
Methylation1
  • Methylation is a chemical modification of DNA and other molecules that may be retained as cells divide to make more cells. (genome.gov)
Human7
  • Many of the most important interactions in the human body take place between molecules on the surface of cells. (lu.se)
  • The course will also examine the role of cells and microbes in human health and infectious diseases. (upenn.edu)
  • The human body has nearly 1013 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • They called the ' previously unknown signaling molecule that can drive excessive hair growth ' SCUBE3, and tested their theory by injecting it into human scalp follicles transplanted on mice. (notebookcheck.net)
  • Anatomical planes or sections for human medical body division outline diagram. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • 3d rendering of Human cell or Embryonic stem cell microscope background. (bajeczneobrazy.pl)
  • This technologic and biologic revolution continued through the 1960s to today, and the explosion in technology has fueled the current expansion of knowledge into the working of the human cell. (medscape.com)
Structure4
  • Cyclacel utilized in-house structure-based drug design approaches to determine the 3D structure of the molecule and conducted molecular docking simulations to determine the optimal binding location. (scienceboard.net)
  • The process of developing an oral formulation is not straightforward and relies on an intimate understanding of the structure-activity relationship of the molecule to make the molecule more soluble without loss of efficacy. (scienceboard.net)
  • Radiation can disrupt the structure of the DNA (and other macromolecules), thereby disrupting normal cell and organ functions. (cdc.gov)
  • From left to right: end view (ball and stick rendering) with DNA molecule, vertical structure in charge coloring (ball and stick rendering), vertical structure in residue coloring (tube rendering), and vertical structure in molecular coloring (space fill rendering). (scienceblogs.com)
Genetics1
  • Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
Structures and functions1
  • Gene expression is the process of several steps through which the information in a gene's DNA sequence is transferred to the structures and functions of a cell. (lu.se)
Cycle9
  • Some of Cyclacel's foundational work involved experiments that determined that the combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK 2) and CDK 9 inhibitors is more powerful in blocking the cell cycle than independent administration of either molecule. (scienceboard.net)
  • The template dimer [ TT ] can then dissociate to give two molecules of T , completing the autocatalytic cycle. (nature.com)
  • To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle-the process that generates daughter cells-must be precisely regulated. (jove.com)
  • Internal regulatory checkpoints ensure that a cell's size, energy reserves, and DNA quality and completeness are sufficient to advance through the cell cycle. (jove.com)
  • At these checkpoints, positive and negative regulators promote or inhibit a cell's continuation through the cell cycle. (jove.com)
  • Cyclins can be categorized as G 1 , G 1 /S, S, or M cyclins based on the cell cycle phase or transition they are most involved in. (jove.com)
  • Generally, levels of a given cyclin are low during most of the cell cycle but abruptly increase at the checkpoint they most contribute to (G 1 cyclins are an exception, as they are required throughout the cell cycle). (jove.com)
  • Cell cycle and cell division. (sns.it)
  • ORC1 and CDC6 levels fluctuate during the cell cycle. (cshl.edu)
Hair follicle1
  • The results of the study, called 'Hedgehog signaling reprograms hair follicle niche fibroblasts to a hyper-activated state,' have been published in the Developmental Cell Journal. (notebookcheck.net)
Strands3
  • Life depends on double-stranded DNA unwinding and separating into single strands that can be copied for cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Those strands are copied to produce a new DNA molecule. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In it, two strands, composed of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules, are connected by pairs of four molecules called bases, which form the steps of the staircase. (msdmanuals.com)
Mutation1
Interactions1
  • First principles investigations of molecule-surface interactions, catalysts on solid surfaces, as well as multiscale simulations of heterogeneous catalysis involving mixed metal oxide surfaces. (lu.se)
Gene expression1
  • The gene expression varies between different types of cell and when these epigenetic changes are inherited by daughter cells through cell division in the womb, different tissues and organs are built. (lu.se)
Mechanism3
  • These results provide the first detailed analysis of the interaction determinants of MipZ and deepen our knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying the function of this intriguing cell division regulator. (mpg.de)
  • It had been known that EdU is moderately toxic to cells, though the mechanism of its toxicity had been a mystery. (newswise.com)
  • The mechanism of MN induction from these potential MDI metabolites/reaction products was explored in the present study using immunofluorescent staining of kinetochore in MN of cytokinesis-blocked V79 cells. (cdc.gov)
Lund University6
  • A group of researchers at Lund University in Sweden have made the first iron-based molecule capable of emitting light. (lu.se)
  • In the world of chemistry, this is enough time for the molecules to emit light", says Villy Sundström, Professor of Chemistry at Lund University. (lu.se)
  • We expect that the next step to develop the actual molecules that are suitable for commercial applications could take another five years", says Petter Persson, chemistry researcher at Lund University. (lu.se)
  • The work is a cooperation between research groups at the Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, the Division of Chemical Physics and the Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Kemicentrum, Lund University. (lu.se)
  • http://www.teokem.lu.se/people/seniors/persson/) from the Division of Theoretical Chemistry at Lund University, and will be conducted in collaboration with experimental groups at the Chemistry Department at Lund University including the groups of Prof. Kenneth Wärnmark (coordinating Principal Investigator, CAS), Prof. Arkady Yartsev (Chemical Physics), and Prof. Reine Wallenberg (CAS). (lu.se)
  • Researchers at Lund University have successfully explained how iron-based dyes work on a molecular level in solar cells. (lu.se)
Copies2
  • This adds copies of the molecule as needed to fill out the unit cell. (umass.edu)
  • This operation makes all copies of the molecule needed to fill a unit cell, but they are not necessarily all positioned within the unit cell outlined on the screen. (umass.edu)
Rapidly1
19971
  • Memory cellsOnce the antigens have been destroyed the plasma cells disappear leaving a few as memory cells which enable a swift response upon second exposure to the antigen (Trounce, 1997). (referat.ru)
Stages of cell2