• They are major constituents of the basement membrane, namely the basal lamina (the protein network foundation for most cells and organs). (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, in the submucosa, laminin was exclusively found in the basal lamina of blood vessels where many adherent mast cells were seen. (bmj.com)
  • Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • These studies establish a novel role for GPR56 in the adhesion of developing neurons to basal lamina molecules and suggest that this adhesion is critical for maintenance of the pia and proper cerebellar morphogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • It also forms a few specialized structures such as cartilage, tendons, and the basement membrane (also called the basal lamina). (biologywise.com)
  • They are a major component of the basal lamina (one of the layers of the basement membrane), a protein network foundation for most cells and organs. (pearltrees.com)
  • The laminins are an important and biologically active part of the basal lamina, influencing cell differentiation, migration, and adhesion. (pearltrees.com)
  • MECs synthesize key extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins of the meninges such as various collagens, as well as fibronectin, laminin and tenascin, important for pia basal lamina integrity and thus for neuronal support and function [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with a high molecular mass (~400 to ~900 kDa) and possess three different chains (α, β and γ) encoded by five, four, and three paralogous genes in humans, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • The trimeric proteins intersect, composing a cruciform structure that is able to bind to other molecules of the extracellular matrix and cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proteins also bind to cell membranes through integrins and other plasma membrane molecules, such as the dystroglycan glycoprotein complex and Lutheran blood group glycoprotein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using antibodies to podocyte proteins important for podocyte function, we found that Lmx1b(-/-) podocytes express near-normal levels of nephrin, synaptopodin, ZO-1, alpha3 integrin, and GBM laminins. (nih.gov)
  • Here is how wikipedia describes them :'Laminins are a family of proteins that are an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes in almost every animal tissue. (apostolic.edu)
  • Inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis was accompanied by an inhibition of laminin deposition into extracellular matrix as determined by immunostaining of cultures and by immunoblotting of cell-associated proteins. (rupress.org)
  • In animal tissues, the main components of the extracellular matrix are the fibrous elements (e.g. collagen , elastin , reticulin), link proteins (e.g. fibronectin , laminin), and space filling molecules (e.g. glycosaminoglycan s). (biologyonline.com)
  • An Illustration of the Laminin-111 complex depicting the domain organization Laminins are high-molecular weight (~400 to ~900 kDa) proteins of the extracellular matrix. (pearltrees.com)
  • Laminins form independent networks and are associated with type IV collagen networks via entactin, fibronectin, and perlecan. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, growth cones are repelled by netrin when grown on laminin-111 but are attracted to netrin when grown on fibronectin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human umbilical vein endothelial cells formed confluent vessels against collagen I and geltrex mix, a mix of basement membrane extract and collagen I. TNF-α-stimulation of vessels upregulated inflammatory cytokine expression and promoted neutrophil transmigration. (nature.com)
  • Illustration of basement membrane, with collagen in shades of blue. (rcsb.org)
  • These "type I" collagen molecules associate side-by-side, like fibers in a rope, to form tough fibrils. (rcsb.org)
  • A different collagen--"type IV"--forms the structural basis of this membrane. (rcsb.org)
  • The heads bind strongly together, head-to-head, and four collagen molecules associate together through their tails, forming an X-shaped complex. (rcsb.org)
  • Several autoantibodies have been identified, including those against BPAG2, laminin-332, and type VII collagen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • MCT culture supernatants contain greater amounts of laminin, and types IV and V procollagens compared to types I and III procollagens, and growing MCT cells on type I collagen matrix causes them to preferentially secrete even more type IV and V procollagen. (rupress.org)
  • BMs are specialized structures that underlie epithelia and surround organs and mainly comprise collagen IV, laminins, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). (nature.com)
  • The major structural protein of basement membrane, collagen type IV, in the lens capsule was substantially altered in the absence of SPARC. (silverchair.com)
  • By combining quantitative transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry, we systematically identify the cellular origin, molecular identity and tissue distribution of extracellular matrix molecules in mouse hair follicles, and reveal that BM composition and architecture are exquisitely specialized for distinct inter-tissue interactions, including epidermal-fibroblast, epidermal-muscle and epidermal-nerve interactions. (biorxiv.org)
  • Indeed, granule cells from the rostral region of perinatal Gpr56 −/− cerebella show loss of adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules of the pial basement membrane. (jneurosci.org)
  • Neurons of the peripheral nervous system express integrin receptors that attach to laminins and promote neuroregeneration after injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • The α6 integrin binds laminin, a component of the extracellular matrix that surrounds large blood vessels, the meninges, and the CNS choroid plexus to help facilitate cell migration. (medicilon.com)
  • The laminin receptor, α6 integrin, is expressed in most cases of ALL. (medicilon.com)
  • They found that α6 integrin-laminin interactions mediated the migration of ALL cells toward the cerebrospinal fluid in vitro . (medicilon.com)
  • This suggests that other α chains, and hence other isoforms, act redundantly to laminin 1 in posterior notochord and ISV development. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The balance between laminin isoforms containing the α5 or the α4 chain in the endothelial basement membrane determines the site of leukocyte diapedesis under inflammatory conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • We further found that the pericytic laminin isoforms differentially regulate mouse β-cells. (nature.com)
  • Malfunctional laminin-521 in the kidney filter causes leakage of protein into the urine and nephrotic syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, mRNA and protein levels for CD2AP and podocin were greatly reduced, suggesting a cooperative role for these molecules in foot process and slit diaphragm formation. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, live imaging of transgenic embryos expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in forming ISVs reveals that the vascular defects in these embryos are due to an inability of ISV sprouts to migrate correctly along the intersegmental, normally laminin-rich regions. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the laminin family of secreted molecules. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The following is the definition of Laminin, as found on wikipedia: Laminin is a protein found in the extracellular matrix, the sheets of protein that form the substrate of all internal organs also called the basement membrane. (livingforjesus.com)
  • Laminin 411 markedly induced the expression of the genes Foxa2 and Sox17 , markers for pancreatic precursor cells, efficiently induced IPC differentiation from MSCs, and up-regulated insulin expression at both mRNA and protein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Based on a better understanding of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) and the genes responsible for its components, newer treatments (eg, gene or protein therapy) may provide solutions to the skin fragility found in patients with epidermolysis bullosa. (medscape.com)
  • Vinculin, a plasma protein, links fibers to talin, which is a cell membrane protein. (medscape.com)
  • Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) induces laminin α4 expression in tumor blood vessels, which is associated with enhanced intratumor T cell infiltration in primary human cancers. (bvsalud.org)
  • We show now that SOD3 overexpression in neoplastic and endothelial cells (ECs) reduces laminin α5 in tumor blood vessels. (bvsalud.org)
  • In conclusion, SOD3 is a major regulator of laminin balance in the basement membrane of tumor ECs, with potential implications for immune cell infiltration into tumors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)
  • It also acts as a regulatory molecule involved in the processes of healing, inflammation, and tumor development. (biologywise.com)
  • This occurred even though there was no decrease in the amount of laminin detected in the medium of beta-D-xyloside-treated cultures. (rupress.org)
  • The reduction in the amount of laminin in treatment II group was significant compared to the control group (P=0.003). (biomedres.info)
  • Expression of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) collagens is reduced in Lmx1b(-/-) mice, suggesting one basis for NPS nephropathy. (nih.gov)
  • Our focus is on the ECM molecules heparan sulfate/heparan sulfate proteoglycans, hyaluronan and molecules that associate with hyaluronan, laminins, and collagens, as well as on the enzymes that can modulate these ECM components. (npod.org)
  • They are a family of heterotrimeric molecules created through association of an α, β and γ chain. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Laminins are heterotrimeric molecules that consist of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits that assemble through a coiled-coil domain. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • 30 nm in diameter, establish direct membrane-to-membrane contact with endothelial cells in specialized areas of irregular endothelial basement membrane and enriched with vesicular activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • This multi-step process is enabled by inflammatory receptors and molecules expressed by the endothelial cells which capture the neutrophils and support their extravasation, alongside gradients of chemokines that guide the neutrophils through the ECM. (nature.com)
  • ELAV - like1 , methyltransferase like 7A , dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase , laminin subunit beta-1 , gremlin 1 , BCL6 corepressor-like 1 , and three genes of unknown identity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two other molecules--cross-shaped laminin (blue-green) and long, snaky proteoglycans (green)--fill in the spaces, forming a dense sheet. (rcsb.org)
  • To determine the functions of these molecules, Schwann cell-nerve cell cultures were grown in medium containing a specific inhibitor of proteoglycan biosynthesis, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside. (rupress.org)
  • SOD3 represses the laminin α5 gene (LAMA5), but LAMA5 expression is not changed in SOD1-overexpressing cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mature messenger RNA species for both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were detected by Northern hybridization, and their corresponding cell surface gene products were detected by cytofluorography of MCT cells stained with haplotype-specific antibodies. (rupress.org)
  • Whereas α2 laminins promoted islet cell clustering, they did not affect gene expression. (nature.com)
  • Epidermolysis bullosa is a family of bullous disorders caused by an absence of basement membrane components due to underlying gene mutations. (medscape.com)
  • Using microscopy, the researchers found that small blood vessels coated with laminin are sites with high levels of ALL cells, indicating that moving along these vessels may be how the cells reach the CNS. (medicilon.com)
  • The researchers found that the ALL cells were "grabbing onto the laminin surrounding these blood vessels and zipping down into the meninges region where cerebral spinal fluid circulates. (medicilon.com)
  • The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. (lookformedical.com)
  • The IHC tests showed that the ECM of the mice testicular interstitial tissue showed reaction to anti-laminin-α5 antibody. (biomedres.info)
  • Upregulation of numerous IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, class II MHC molecules and immune checkpoint genes was detected as part of the complex immune response to MIBC. (sciencegate.app)
  • Functional analyses indicated that some of the genes induced by dragonfly larvae caused an increase in laminins necessary for cell adhesion in the extracellular matrix. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, culturing on Laminin-421 induced the expression of β-cell genes, including Ins1 , MafA , and Glut2 , and significantly improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, the expression of the genes known to govern insulin expression including Pdx1 and Ngn3 was markedly induced by laminin 411, which suggests that Pdx 1 and Ngn 3 signaling pathways are involved in laminin 411 induced-insulin expression machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both the cell surface 3M-1 and the small amounts of detected class II MHC molecules appear to be biologically functional, as MCT cells can support the proliferation of 3M-1-specific, class II MHC-restricted helper T cells in culture. (rupress.org)
  • These specific components of the ECM are present in basement membranes and interstitial matrix surrounding and within the islets. (npod.org)
  • Kruskal Wallis test showed no significant difference in laminin α5 expression in the ECM of the interstitial spaces of seminiferous tubules between the groups. (biomedres.info)
  • High concentration of sodium nitrate did not change the laminin α5 expression in the ECM of the testicular interstitial tissue. (biomedres.info)
  • Through these interactions, laminins critically contribute to cell attachment and differentiation, cell shape and movement, maintenance of tissue phenotype, and promotion of tissue survival. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laminins [ ( PUBMED:2404817 ) ] are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation. (embl.de)
  • We previously reported that two zebrafish loci, grumpy (gup) and sleepy (sly), encode laminin β1 and γ1, which are important both for notochord differentiation and for proper intersegmental blood vessel (ISV) formation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • When expression of laminin α4 and laminin α1 are simultaneously disrupted, notochord differentiation and ISVs are as severely affected as sly or gup mutants. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • however, little is known about a role of laminin 411 in the regulation of IPC differentiation from human MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • UC-MSCs were then cultured in the IPC induction and differentiation medium in the presence of laminin 411. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that laminin 411 acts as a potent differentiation inducer of IPCs from UC-MSCs via the Pdx1 and Ngn3 signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The long arm is capable of binding to cells and helps anchor organized tissue cells to the basement membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laminins are integral to the structural scaffolding of almost every tissue of an organism-secreted and incorporated into cell-associated extracellular matrices. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the basement membrane (BM) is located at tissue interfaces, its mode of action in inter-tissue interactions remains poorly understood, mainly because the molecular and structural details of the BM at distinct inter-tissue interfaces remain unclear. (biorxiv.org)
  • Laminins are essential for formation and function of the basement membrane and have additional functions in regulating cell migration and mechanical signal transduction. (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • Consistent with this hypothesis, developing granule cells from the rostral region of Gpr56 −/− cerebella at birth exhibit a specific defect in cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules of the pial basement membrane (BM) but no defects in migration, proliferation, or process outgrowth. (jneurosci.org)
  • It not only functions as a physical scaffolding, but also provides a channel for the migration and communication of cells via the use of signaling molecules. (biologywise.com)
  • We identified cDNA sequences for lama2, lama4 and lama5 and disrupted the expression of each alone or in mutant embryos also lacking laminin α1. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Objective: 1) To analyze the γ2 chain expression of laminin 332 in the basement membrane of vessels of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and the appearance of continuity, to identify possible vascular invasive procedures which are important events in the disease progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Microscopic aspects were evaluated, including the expression of the molecule in the basement membrane of vessels and the appearance of continuity. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aims to investigate the effects of oral administration of sodium nitrite on expression of laminin α5 in extracellular matrix of mice testicular interestitium using an Immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment. (biomedres.info)
  • One component of these BMs, laminin α5, is required for the topological and functional integrity of hair germ-dermal papilla interactions. (biorxiv.org)
  • This is, at least in part, attributable to the release and intercellular trafficking of extracellular vesicles (EVs), heterogeneous membrane structures containing multiple bioactive macromolecules. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • For example, the peptide sequence [GTFALRGDNGDNGQ], which is located on the alpha-chain of laminin, promotes the adhesion of endothelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared to ECs, pancreatic pericytes produce significantly higher levels of α2 and α4 laminin chains, which constitute the peri-islet and vascular BM. (nature.com)
  • Thus, human endocrine cells are not in direct contact with the vascular BM components but with the invaginated peri-islet membrane. (nature.com)
  • The laminin molecules are named according to their chain composition, e.g. laminin-511 contains α5, β1, and γ1 chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The illustration included here shows only a small segment of the entire molecule--each chain is over 1400 amino acids long and only about 20 are shown here. (rcsb.org)
  • Synonyms of mucous membrane pemphigoid that are no longer used include cicatricial pemphigoid, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The laminins are combinations of different alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laminin-211 is composed of an α2, β1 and γ1 chains. (wikipedia.org)
  • The three chains form a cross-shaped molecule that consist of a long arm and three short globular arms. (embl.de)
  • Endostatin binds one atom of zinc per monomer via the three histidines in the N-terminus of the molecule (histidines 1, 3, and 11) and asparatic 76. (justia.com)
  • Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)
  • defective laminins can cause muscles to form improperly, leading to a form of muscular dystrophy, lethal skin blistering disease (junctional epidermolysis bullosa), and/or defects of the kidney filter (nephrotic syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] This effect of laminin-111 probably occurs through a lowering of intracellular cyclic AMP. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells embedded within it interact with the matrix as well as with other cells due to the presence of specialized matrix receptor molecules. (biologywise.com)
  • During an inflammatory response, neutrophils move from the blood to the site of inflammation by transmigrating across the endothelial barrier and through the basement membrane (BM) of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). (nature.com)
  • citation needed] Laminins are enriched at the lesion site after peripheral nerve injury and are secreted by Schwann cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid is supported by lesion biopsy and direct immunofluorescence. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This illustration depicts a basement membrane, which forms a tough surface that supports the skin and many organs. (rcsb.org)
  • Their discovery came when the researchers gave the ALL mice a molecule called GS-649443, a known PI3K inhibitor. (medicilon.com)
  • The treated animals had reduced signs of cancer invasion of the CNS when compared to mice that did not receive the molecule - the ALL cells remained in their bone marrow. (medicilon.com)
  • An identical-sized moiety was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from collagenase-solubilized mouse kidney tubular basement membranes. (rupress.org)
  • Mucous membrane pemphigoid is the designation given to a heterogeneous group of rare chronic autoimmune disorders that tend to cause waxing and waning bullous lesions of the mucous membranes, often with subsequent scarring and morbidity. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The heparin binding property of endostatin is mediated by noncontiguous arginines clustered over the three dimensional globular surface of the molecule (Sasaki et al. (justia.com)
  • The peri-islet membrane, which encapsulates the islets, separates the endocrine cells from the exocrine pancreas and serves as a barrier from immune cell infiltration to the islets. (nature.com)
  • Laminin-111 is a major substrate along which nerve axons will grow, both in vivo and in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laminins are major constituents of basement membranes and have wide ranging functions during development and in the adult. (johnshopkins.edu)