• JAM3 knockdown induced reactive oxygen species and syncytin 2 expression in trophoblasts. (bioone.org)
  • Mechanistically, we showed that kenpaullone directly inhibits CDK2 kinase activity and reduces cisplatin-induced mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, thereby enhancing cell survival. (nih.gov)
  • After hypoxia and ischemia, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) rapidly accumulates and leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed neuronal death. (frontiersin.org)
  • There are a number of reactive nitrogen oxide species, such as N2O3 and ONOO-, that can alter critical cellular components under high local concentrations of NO. However, NO can also abate the oxidation chemistry mediated by reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2- that occurs at physiological levels of NO. In addition to the antioxidant chemistry, NO protects against cell death mediated by H2O2, alkylhydroperoxides, and xanthine oxidase. (researchgate.net)
  • and reactive oxygen species contents in the retinas were detected using dichlorofluorescein assay. (nih.gov)
  • N-acetylcysteine treatment alleviated the pathological changes and also decreased reactive oxygen species, most significantly at 5 months. (nih.gov)
  • Long-term N-acetylcysteine treatment exerts protective effects on the diabetic retinas, possibly through its down-regulation of the expression of VEGF and ICAM-1, and reduction of reactive oxygen species content in retinal vascular tissues in diabetic rats. (nih.gov)
  • They found that the broken crystals on the surface of quartz can react with water to form molecular oxygen and other reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide. (newscientist.com)
  • The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments - particularly during the Jurassic period - as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of photosynthesis . (wikipedia.org)
  • [9] Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The in vitro effects of metronidazole on the production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were studied by means of nitroblue tetrazolium and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. (who.int)
  • At therapeutic doses of metronidazole (4.98-24.86 μg/mL) significant inhibition of the production of reactive oxygen species was noted in both methods. (who.int)
  • The data suggest a scavenging mechanism of metronidazole on reactive oxygen species generated by PMN. (who.int)
  • respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
  • The atoms in a molecule are held together because they share or exchange electrons. (windows2universe.org)
  • The number of atoms in a molecule denotes the prefix, so a molecule containing two atoms is called diatomic. (scienceabc.com)
  • For example, in water (H2O), the electrons are with oxygen (O) for most of the time, on average, giving it a partial negative charge and giving hydrogen (H) a partial positive charge. (scienceabc.com)
  • The researchers set the energy of the X-rays so that one photon was sufficient to eject both electrons out of the hydrogen molecule. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Electrons behave like particles and waves simultaneously, and therefore the ejection of the first electron resulted in electron waves launched first in the one, and then in the second hydrogen molecule atom in quick succession, with the waves merging. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Chemically and very simply speaking, iron atoms lose a few electrons to oxygen atoms. (infoplease.com)
  • With aminopyrine as a nitrogen-enriched small molecule precursor, a series of nitrogen doped carbon materials have been fabricated and explored as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). (canada.ca)
  • Diatomic molecules of Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) make up most of the earth's atmosphere. (scienceabc.com)
  • Nitrogen is also found in many organic molecules including DNA and amino acids. (discovery.com)
  • Specifically, it alters a molecule called hemoglobin within these cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Instead of normal hemoglobin, people with methemoglobinemia, beta-globin type have an abnormal form called methemoglobin, which is unable to efficiently deliver oxygen to the body's tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, the iron within the heme molecule needs to be in a form called ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hemoglobin is an iron-containing respiratory protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and then transports and releases it to cells that need oxygen. (icr.org)
  • Scientists have no fossil molecules, and thus they cannot go back into deep evolutionary time and analyze the hypothetical pre-hemoglobin that supposedly existed. (icr.org)
  • Who would consider seriously a phylogeny of vertebrates drawn from a comparison of myoglobin [a single polypeptide chain molecule found in the muscles of vertebrates] of some species and hemoglobin from others? (icr.org)
  • The high molecular mass hemoglobin of the worm is the transporter for both oxygen and sulfide. (icr.org)
  • In a study on vertebrate globins, Jay Storz and his colleagues wrote, "The retention of the proto- Hb and Mb genes in the ancestor of jawed vertebrates permitted a physiological division of labor between the oxygen-carrier function of Hb [hemoglobin] and the oxygen-storage function of Mb [myoglobin]. (icr.org)
  • Representation of a human hemoglobin protein molecule. (icr.org)
  • Hemoglobin is an iron-containing oxygen-transport protein found in red blood cells. (icr.org)
  • The hemoglobin molecule is designed with much variation to supply the oxygen needs of a wide variety of organisms. (icr.org)
  • Hemoglobin functions in transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide and in regulating blood pressure. (proprofs.com)
  • Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carrying carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the tissues back to the lungs. (proprofs.com)
  • Additionally, hemoglobin is involved in regulating blood pressure by binding to nitric oxide, a molecule that helps dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow. (proprofs.com)
  • One single molecule is recycled 500-700 times a day. (discovery.com)
  • The same IBM team took the first ever single-molecule images in 2009 and most recently published the images of the pentacene, the molecule shaped like the Olympic rings. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Another essential macro-molecule: deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA makes the blueprint for our entire physical make-up. (discovery.com)
  • Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA is a complex molecule that consists of many components. (cdc.gov)
  • These functional films can vary the chemistry, charge and wettability of surfaces in addition to how they interact with various biological molecules such as proteins, cells and bacteria. (edu.au)
  • A catalyst that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen may provide a way to produce hydrogen fuel. (britannica.com)
  • Scientists said on Monday (Nov. 13) that an AI-powered robot chemist has created molecules that might be used to produce oxygen from water using meteorites from Mars. (southarkansassun.com)
  • Since water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen, the notion seems interesting since Mars does contain sizable quantities of frozen water ice. (southarkansassun.com)
  • Catalysts, in particular, are substances that may initiate chemical processes that "split" water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. (southarkansassun.com)
  • So when we finally saw that the catalysts made by the robot could actually produce oxygen by splitting water molecules, I felt like my dream was coming true. (southarkansassun.com)
  • Plus, hydrogen forms water with oxygen (H2O), making up between 65 and 90% of every cell . (discovery.com)
  • Living things incorporate inorganic carbon compounds into organic compounds through a network of processes ( the carbon cycle ) that begins with the conversion of carbon dioxide and a hydrogen source like water into simple sugars and other organic molecules by autotrophic organisms using light ( photosynthesis ) or other sources of energy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each molecule of water consists of one oxygen atom strongly bonded to two hydrogen atoms with covalent bonds. (wonderopolis.org)
  • Water molecules tend to be attracted to each other by weaker hydrogen bonds. (wonderopolis.org)
  • These form between the positively-charged hydrogen atoms and negatively-charged oxygen atoms in nearby water molecules. (wonderopolis.org)
  • As water temperature decreases, the weaker hydrogen bonds begin to hold the negatively-charged oxygen atoms apart, forming a rigid crystal honeycomb structure we call ice. (wonderopolis.org)
  • The water molecules in ice take up about 9% more space than liquid water, which means ice is about 9% less dense than water. (wonderopolis.org)
  • Having a hard time imagining hydrogen bonds between water molecules? (wonderopolis.org)
  • Jump online to view the Hydrogen Bonds image that demonstrates how hydrogen bonds form between water molecules. (wonderopolis.org)
  • If you're up for a challenge, use some simple supplies you have around the house to construct models of water molecules. (wonderopolis.org)
  • In fact, the Onley Adam that is mawr electro negative than an oxygen atom is flooring, and so this is important to keep in mind, especially when we start to talk about the water molecule later. (pearson.com)
  • Mark Thiemens at the University of California, San Diego, and his colleagues ground up quartz rock and exposed it to water under chemical conditions similar to those on Earth prior to high levels of oxygen. (newscientist.com)
  • They could then interact with water to produce those same oxygen molecules. (newscientist.com)
  • Oil and water are made up of molecules, little groups of elements bonded together. (makezine.com)
  • Water molecules have one big oxygen atom, and two little hydrogen atoms. (makezine.com)
  • When a water molecule and a oil molecule come together, oil is what's called, hydrophobic (it's scared of water! (makezine.com)
  • Because the oil is non-polar, it has no attraction to the water molecules, and they just don't stick to each other. (makezine.com)
  • For while many forms of life can survive without oxygen, none can do so without water. (nwf.org)
  • Indeed, 60 to 80 percent of every living cell consists of water, and all vital biological processes begin or end with this simple molecule. (nwf.org)
  • Rust occurs when metals containing iron react with the oxygen in the air or in water and form a compound called iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide). (infoplease.com)
  • This compound contains water molecules, so we call it a hydrated compound. (infoplease.com)
  • Both oxygen gas and water must be present for the iron to rust. (infoplease.com)
  • These results indicate that the bound water molecules play a crucial role in the tight interaction between GN 3 M and HEWL. (frontiersin.org)
  • Radiation can interact with DNA directly and cause damage by breaking bonds in the DNA or indirectly by breaking water molecules surrounding the DNA. (cdc.gov)
  • When these water molecules are broken, they produce free radicals-unstable oxygen molecules that can damage cells and organs. (cdc.gov)
  • Atoms tend to combine with other atoms to form molecules (for example, hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water). (cdc.gov)
  • Intensity distribution of emitted proton (H+) and oxygen ion (O)+ viewed by our detector when the water molecule is resonantly excited by X-rays. (lu.se)
  • The decision to use only an aerobic OECD308 test is ok, in these type of bottle incubations the water column stays aerobic, but the oxygen penetrates the sediment only for a couple of mm, so there is almost always anaerobic conditions too. (janusinfo.se)
  • The proton-conducting pathway of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) contains at University, PO Box 124 least nine internal water molecules that are thought to be key players in SE-22100 Lund, Sweden the proton translocation mechanism. (lu.se)
  • 22 water molecules with bulk water. (lu.se)
  • The relevance of water exchange kinetics is underscored by recent crystallographic ®ndings of substantial variations in the number and locations of internal water molecules during the photocycle. (lu.se)
  • While the locations and inferred H-bond connec- water molecules in a membrane protein, despite tivities of these internal water molecules are essen- being deeply buried and extensively H-bonded to tial, one would also like to quantify their mobility. (lu.se)
  • An oxygen atom at a particular site within a DNA molecule can be made to execute simple harmonic motion when illuminated by infrared light. (assignmenttaste.com)
  • The oxygen atom is bound with a spring-like chemical bond to a phosphorus atom, which is rigidly attached to the DNA backbone. (assignmenttaste.com)
  • The oscillation of the oxygen atom occurs with frequency f = 3.7 x 10 13 Hz. (assignmenttaste.com)
  • If the oxygen atom at this site is chemically replaced with a sulfur atom, the spring constant of the bond is unchanged (sulfur is just below oxygen in the Periodic Table). (assignmenttaste.com)
  • Both NBMOs of molecules with non-disjoint characteristics such as trimethylenemethane have electron density at the same atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, the NBMOs of the molecules with disjoint characteristics such as tetramethyleneethane can be described without having electron density at the same atom. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since we knew the spatial orientation of the hydrogen molecule, we used the interference of the two-electron waves to precisely calculate when the photon reached the first and when it reached the second hydrogen atom," explains Sven Grundmann whose doctoral dissertation forms the basis of the scientific article in Science. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Animation showing the last cooper atom of the tip of the Atomic Force Microscope (top) where a carbon-monoxide molecule is terminated. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The carbon atoms are blue and the oxygen atom is red. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene or chloroform. (wikipedia.org)
  • This methodology can also be applied to other small hydrophobic molecules. (europa.eu)
  • Oxygen forms a chemical compound (O2) of two atoms which is a colorless gas at normal temperatures and pressures. (windows2universe.org)
  • What's The Difference Between A Molecule And A Compound? (scienceabc.com)
  • The molecular weight of oxygen gas is 32 (= 2 x 16) gm/mole. (enotes.com)
  • Non-Kekulé molecules with two formal radical centers (non-Kekulé diradicals) can be classified into non-disjoint and disjoint by the shape of their two non-bonding molecular orbitals (NBMOs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Click molecule labels to explore molecular sequence information. (nih.gov)
  • Special attention has been paid to conformational changes of protein matrix (inter domain movement of 12/15-lipoxygenase) in solution and molecular dynamics of oxygen as second lipoxygenase substrate. (europa.eu)
  • These results illustrate that exposure to WC-Co nanoparticle s induces angiogenic response by activating ROS, AKT, and ERK1/2 signaling pathways and the downstream molecules and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms during this process. (cdc.gov)
  • Professor Reinhard Dörner adds: "We observed for the first time that the electron shell in a molecule does not react to light everywhere at the same time. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Atoms and molecules in electronically excited states decay via various processes which lead to bond breaking and ion formation, producing neutral and charged constituents that react with their neighbors. (lu.se)
  • Under aerobic conditions, there is enough oxygen to react with all the free radicals and addition of metronidazole, or any other sensitizers, yields no further benefit. (who.int)
  • Recalling his experience with rocket engine tests using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, while working as an engineer at the Propulsion Systems Laboratory. (todayinsci.com)
  • The channel design of an extensively studied Sakhalin generator developed in the former USSR has been used and coupled with a cesium seeded liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen combustion based chemical rocket. (inderscience.com)
  • What reaction in photosynthesis produces oxygen for the atmosphere? (answers.com)
  • What produces oxygen in photosynthesis? (answers.com)
  • There was very little oxygen in the atmosphere until levels spiked during the Great Oxidation Event between 2.4 billion and 2.3 billion years ago thanks to the rapid spread of microbes that release oxygen through photosynthesis. (newscientist.com)
  • Since non-Kekulé molecules have two or more formal charges or radical centers, their spin-spin interactions can cause electrical conductivity or ferromagnetism (molecule-based magnets), and applications to functional materials are expected. (wikipedia.org)
  • The AP/SiO2 is confirmed and identified as having highly active molecule catalytic centers for ORR, due to its possessing a porous, sponge-like and uniform structure with a super-large specific surface area of 932.68 m2 g−1. (canada.ca)
  • We screened 4,385 small molecules in a cochlear cell line and identified 10 compounds that protected against cisplatin toxicity in mouse cochlear explants. (nih.gov)
  • We need fuel for these cells to function, provided by molecules, compounds, and chemical elements, yet 99% of our body's mass consists of just six elements. (discovery.com)
  • Oxygen and hydrogen bond with carbon to form the organic compounds that are the basis for all life on Earth. (discovery.com)
  • Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecules: amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). (wikipedia.org)
  • Here is the electron-impact ionization cross section for Oxygen molecule (O 2 ) from 5 eV to 2000 eV. (nist.gov)
  • The photon (yellow, coming from the left) produces electron waves out of the electron cloud (grey) of the hydrogen molecule (red: nucleus), which interfere with each other (interference pattern: violet-white). (scitechdaily.com)
  • The scientists measured the interference pattern of the first ejected electron using the COLTRIMS reaction microscope, an apparatus that Dörner helped develop and which makes ultrafast reaction processes in atoms and molecules visible. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The researchers here took advantage of the fact that the second electron also left the hydrogen molecule, so that the remaining hydrogen nuclei flew apart and were detected. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Haemoglobin molecules (red) bound to oxygen (blue). (edu.au)
  • Also known as free radicals, these molecules would have been critical to early evolution because they can damage DNA and other components of cells, says Timothy Lyons at the University of California, Riverside, who wasn't involved with the work. (newscientist.com)
  • At this point, there is a magnesium bromide on the oxygen of what was a carbonyl. (wikibooks.org)
  • Initially, the pi bond on the carbonyl oxygen attacks the magnesium bromide ion. (wikibooks.org)
  • [17] Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause direct photooxidation and decompose peroxides and carbonyl molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we report the crystal structure of the oxygen-dependent CPO from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hem13p), which was determined by optimized sulfur anomalous scattering and refined to a resolution of 2.0 A. The protein adopts a novel structure that is quite different from predicted models and features a central flat seven-stranded anti-parallel sheet that is flanked by helices. (rcsb.org)
  • This configuration enables conformational changes of the protein so that oxygen molecules can easily load and unload. (icr.org)
  • Evolutionists should be able to trace how this amazing protein molecule originated-but they can't. (icr.org)
  • A person with anaemia has too few oxygen-carrying red blood cells, or an abnormally low level of the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin in their blood. (edu.au)
  • From the MRD data, the rotational correlation time of detergent-solubilized BR was determined to 35 ns at 300 K, con- sistent with a monomeric protein in complex with about 150 detergent molecules. (lu.se)
  • Oxygen is a chemical element with an atomic number of 8 (it has eight protons in its nucleus). (windows2universe.org)
  • Diatomic molecules can be two atoms sharing one nucleus, which are usually of the same element, or two atoms in two nuclei of two different elements. (scienceabc.com)
  • Earthquakes and other geological processes may have enabled oxygen-producing reactions that shaped the evolution of some of Earth's earliest organisms. (newscientist.com)
  • The researchers estimated that seismic processes alone could have generated 100 billion times more hydrogen peroxide than atmospheric reactions, another possible source of abiotic oxygen. (newscientist.com)
  • The researchers add that similar geological processes on other planetary bodies, such as sandstorms on Mars or tidal fluctuations on Saturn's moon Enceladus, could also produce oxygen, which could be an important factor for detecting life on those worlds. (newscientist.com)
  • These molecules undergo free radical chain reactions, but antioxidants inhibit them by preventing the oxidation processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Small-molecule probes can illuminate biological processes and aid in the assessment of emerging therapeutic targets by perturbing biological systems in a manner distinct from other experimental approaches. (harvard.edu)
  • Ionization processes occur naturally in the Earth's upper atmosphere and at the Earth's surface and are largely responsible for radiation damage in biological molecules. (lu.se)
  • The broadening of the 4p Rydberg states of O∗ has been found with isotropic behavior, implying that excited oxygen molecules undergo dissociation with a lifetime of the order of 10 fs in 1s → Rydberg states. (lu.se)
  • Adaptations to this seismic source of oxygen may have helped some organisms survive the radical shift in Earth's chemistry that accompanied the Great Oxidation Event hundreds of millions of years later, says Lyons. (newscientist.com)
  • The proton from the acidic solvent easily displaces this magnesium bromide ion and protonates the oxygen, creating a primary alcohol with formaldehyde, a secondary alcohol with an aldehyde and a tertiary alcohol with a ketone. (wikibooks.org)
  • Scientists have been exploring ways to extract oxygen from these Martian deposits. (southarkansassun.com)
  • The scientists carried out the time measurement on a hydrogen molecule (H2) which they irradiated with X-rays from the synchrotron lightsource PETRA III at the Hamburg accelerator center DESY. (scitechdaily.com)
  • That would be far less difficult than transporting a large amount of oxygen and components that produce oxygen from Earth. (southarkansassun.com)
  • However, the widespread presence of antioxidant enzymes across the tree of life suggests a common ancestor that existed prior to the Great Oxidation Event was exposed to some amount of oxygen. (newscientist.com)
  • Radiosensitizers are chemical agents that have the potential to increase the lethal effect of radicals induced during irradiation [1-6].The extent of radiation damage to cells is dependent on the amount of oxygen available to the cell [1,2,7,8]. (who.int)
  • As these molecules are vital for life, metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or on breaking them down and using them to obtain energy, by their digestion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simultaneously with the interference pattern, the COLTRIMS reactions microscope also allowed the determination of the orientation of the hydrogen molecule. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Radioactive atoms that become part of a molecule do not affect the way the molecule behaves in chemical reactions or inside your body. (cdc.gov)
  • to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)
  • On Oxygen, Chlorine, Iodine, Fluorine:] The most important division of ponderable substances seems to be that which represents their electrical energies or their respective inherent states. (todayinsci.com)
  • The intermediate has been produced by reaction of oxygen radical anions with acetone and studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • How many molecules of glucose are produces by each cycle of the light reaction? (answers.com)
  • The combustion reaction begins with the rapid combination of a fuel and oxygen. (answers.com)
  • This part of the reaction is slow because of the dual oxygens off of the carbon providing some resonance stabilization. (wikibooks.org)
  • It also can refer to a reaction of an object exposed to oxygen. (infoplease.com)
  • In the catalytic reaction, Glu35 is thought to act as a general acid catalyst to protonate the glycosidic oxygen, while Asp52 acts as a conjugate base and stabilizes the carbonium ion intermediate that adopts a half-chair conformation with C1 carbon displaying sp 2 hybridization. (frontiersin.org)
  • Molecules are formed when two or more atoms are held together by chemical bonds. (scienceabc.com)
  • A team from IBM in Zürich has released images they captured of single molecules that are so detailed that the type of atomic bonds between their atoms can be discerned. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The carbon-monoxide termination of the tip acts as a powerful magnifying glass to reveal the atomic structure of the molecule, including its bonds. (scitechdaily.com)
  • In my opinion, the molecule structure has several "bonds" that could be broken, so degradation seems possible. (janusinfo.se)
  • The first ionization energy of the oxygen molecule is the energy required for the following process: O21g2¡O2 +1g2 + e- The energy needed for this process is 1175 kJ>mol, very similar to the first ionization energy of Xe. (pearson.com)
  • The use of resources already present on the Red Planet to produce oxygen is a crucial strategy for making such missions financially viable over the long term. (southarkansassun.com)
  • The time delay occurs because information within the molecule only spreads at the speed of light. (scitechdaily.com)
  • It is possible that His229 has a role in stabilizing the super-oxidized form of the proximal cluster in the presence of oxygen, and it is proposed that Glu73could play a supporting role in fine-tuning the chemistry of His229 to enable this function. (rcsb.org)
  • Sometimes two or more atoms 'stick together' to form a molecule . (windows2universe.org)
  • When two or more atoms come together, they form a molecule. (scienceabc.com)
  • The only elements that form diatomic molecules in room temperature are gases. (scienceabc.com)
  • The iron within the heme can change to another form of iron called ferric iron (Fe 3+ ), which cannot bind oxygen. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Exogenous agents are also impli- aldehyde) to form various pro-mu- tion, resisting cell death, enabling cated in the generation of reactive tagenic exocyclic adduct s (Bartsch replicative immortality, inducing oxygen. (who.int)
  • Some studies show a close relation between oxidative stress and DR. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of anti-oxidant in DR and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) from retinal blood vessels in diabetic rats. (nih.gov)
  • Subsequently, it computed the number of molecules it could synthesize over 3.7 million, using the six distinct metallic elements present in the rocks: iron, nickel, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, and calcium. (southarkansassun.com)
  • Anaemia is a lack of oxygen-carrying red blood cells or haemoglobin, which can cause short- and long-term health consequences. (edu.au)
  • Oxygen deprivation causes an increase in erythropoietin , which stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells so that the blood can carry more oxygen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Molecules can be homonuclear, meaning they can consist of atoms from only one chemical element (e.g. (scienceabc.com)
  • Molecules with two atoms of the same or different chemical elements are called diatomic. (scienceabc.com)
  • [4] Originally, the term antioxidant specifically referred to a chemical that prevented the consumption of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our study shows that the expression of Sirt1 was downregulated after oxygen-glucose deprivation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The simplest non-Kekulé molecules are biradicals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity, and motility. (bioone.org)
  • Graphic: Illustration of oxygen molecules inside a circle. (nih.gov)
  • These molecules are highly concentrated in the lower portion of the stratosphere, a layer of the atmosphere located about 12 to 19 miles (19 to 31 kilometers) above the Earth's surface - about twice as high as commercial airplanes fly. (livescience.com)
  • Today, oxygen makes up around a fifth of Earth's atmosphere, with most of it produced by plants and microbes. (newscientist.com)
  • Similarly, 16 gm of elemental oxygen (represented as O) would contain 1 mole of atoms, since the atomic mass of oxygen is 16 and hence will have 6.023 x 10^23 atoms. (enotes.com)
  • Room temperatures themselves induce movements of the AFM's constituent molecules, which would blur the image, so the actual apparatus must be kept at -268 °C. (scitechdaily.com)
  • blood is misdirected away from the heart so that it cannot pick up oxygen, causing hypoxia (a low level of oxygen in the blood) and resulting in secondary erythrocytosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The oxygen in today's atmosphere is almost entirely the result of photosynthetic living, which had its start with the appearance of blue-green algae among the microorganisms. (todayinsci.com)
  • [11] Consequently, packaging of fresh fruits and vegetables contains an ≈8% oxygen atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-polar molecules like to stick to other non-polar molecules (but not as strongly as polar ones). (makezine.com)
  • This bond represents a lasting attraction between molecules, ions and atoms. (scienceabc.com)
  • Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids[citation needed] that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • These give each side an opposite charge, making it a "polar" molecule. (makezine.com)
  • Polar molecules love to stick to other polar molecules. (makezine.com)
  • The oil molecule's charge is spread out, so it's a "non-polar" molecule. (makezine.com)
  • Synthesis and observation of these reactive molecules are generally accomplished by matrix-isolation methods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Changes in cellular gene expression in response to small-molecule or genetic perturbations have yielded signatures that can connect unknown mechanisms of action (MoA) to ones previously established. (harvard.edu)