Chemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation Science
Benzene DerivativesBenzeneSorbic AcidLiterature, ModernCircular DichroismQuantum TheoryModels, MolecularSoftwareComputational BiologyAlgorithms
Charged hydrocarbonsAtomsDisubstituted benzene ringsTolueneAromaticBenzoic acidCompoundsSynthesisHydrogen atomCyclicSubstituentsPyrazoline derivativeElectronsEthanolArylBenzoateFluorescent probesChemistryHydroxyl groupEvaporationBondsCarbonsReactionsRing closingFunctional groupsIonicAcetyleneAcidicMechanismCalciumRingsChainsVolatileCompoundStructuresWaterFormTransitionToxicChemistsPropertiesStructurePositionGiveStabilityFormation
Charged hydrocarbons1
  • When some chemists in Britain (Ingold & Hughes) and Germany (Meerwein) in the 1920s and 1930s started detailed studies of how chemical reactions between organic molecules took place it, however, became apparent that positively charged hydrocarbons - what chemists call "carbocations" - actually could occur as very short lived (lifetimes of microseconds to nanoseconds) intermediates in the reactions. (nobelprize.org)
Atoms10
  • Hydrocarbon solvents comprised of organic compounds, which contain an unsaturated ring of carbon atoms, including benzene, xylene, toluene and their derivatives. (crownpolymers.com)
  • In chemistry , a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature [1] ) of a compound is another compound whose molecule has the same number of atoms of each element, but with logically distinct bonds between them. (hassiumkorfb603.click)
  • A skeletal isomer of a compound is a structural isomer that differs from it in the atoms and bonds that are considered to comprise the "skeleton" of the molecule. (hassiumkorfb603.click)
  • The formation of these 2-center-1-electron bonds have also been confirmed by topological survey of electron density using quantum theory of atoms in molecules and electron localization function. (authorea.com)
  • Benzene is a symmetrical molecule i.e. all the six hydrogen atoms of benzene are equivalent. (org.in)
  • When two hydrogen atoms of benzene ring are replaced by two same or different substituents, three isomers are possible which differ in the position of substituent. (org.in)
  • Friedrich August Kekule proposed that the six carbon atoms of benzene are joined to each other by alternate single and double bonds to form a hexagonal ring. (org.in)
  • 1) Since all the bond angles in benzene are 120°, therefore, all the carbon atoms of benzene are assumed to be sp 2 hybridized. (org.in)
  • 8) These delocalized electrons are equally attracted by all the six carbon atoms of the benzene ring. (org.in)
  • Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain a molecule with carbon atoms in simple or branched chains. (cdc.gov)
Disubstituted benzene rings1
  • The pyrazoline ring makes angles of 86.73 (12) and 13.44 (12)° with the tris-ubstituted and disubstituted benzene rings, respectively. (iucr.org)
Toluene1
  • Benzene is a very good solvent for organic compounds, but it is safer to use its derivative methylbenzene (toluene). (bris.ac.uk)
Aromatic9
  • Not all molecules with ring (loop) structures are aromatic. (crownpolymers.com)
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons are also cyclic but are derivatives of benzene. (spe.org)
  • It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, i.e., one in which a single hydrogen atom from the benzene molecule has been replaced by a univalent group, in this case CH3.It is an aromatic. (absoluteastronomy.com)
  • Benzene ring is highly unsaturated and in most of the reactions of aromatic compounds, the unsaturation of benzene ring is retained. (org.in)
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons containing a benzene ring are called benzenoids , those not containing a benzene ring are called non-benzenoids . (org.in)
  • Benzene is a non-polar colourless, inflammable liquid, with a sweet and distinctive aromatic smell that some find pleasant. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Used mineral-based crankcase oil is a complex mixture of low and high molecular weight (C15-C50) aliphatic (paraffins, olefins, and acetylene hydrocarbons and their derivatives), aromatic, and naphthenic hydrocarbons, lubrication additives, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen compounds, and metals. (cdc.gov)
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons are compounds with unsaturated carbons in six-membered rings and properties similar to benzene. (cdc.gov)
  • 16S lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules. (lu.se)
Benzoic acid1
Compounds7
  • Heterocyclic compounds including pyrazolines can be synthesized from chalcone derivatives. (iucr.org)
  • Although some hydrocarbons prepared by chemists around the turn of the century were thought to be ionic - e.g. a group of compounds formed from benzene and methane ("triarylmethane derivatives") these were largely regarded as curiosities. (nobelprize.org)
  • Olah has also shown how basic knowledge on superacids and carbocations can be applied to the facile synthesis of new and important organic compounds and that a number of small organic molecules, with widespread use as starting material in many large scale synthesis, can be produced in a simple and inexpensive way using superacids as catalysts. (nobelprize.org)
  • In collaboration with the group of Prof. M. Seeger we have shown that our strains are able to hydroxylate various benzene derivatives, including compounds with unsaturated and cyclic substituents, e. g. biphenyls or diphenylmethanes, as well as compounds containing condensed rings and heteroatoms, like biphenylenes, benzofurans, indoles and bipyridyls, natural and synthetic isoflavones (57). (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • With powerful oxidising agents such as chromic acid, potassium permanganate, it is very slowly oxidized to CO 2 and H 2 O. Thus benzene resists oxidation like saturated compounds. (org.in)
  • Phase 3: Regeneration For every six molecules of G3P created five molecules continue on to phase 3 while one leaves to be used for organic compounds. (brainmass.com)
  • The acidity of quinone compounds varies significantly depending on the number and position of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the molecule. (bocsci.com)
Synthesis4
  • In this article, we report the synthesis of a chalcone derivative by condensation of vanillin with p -hy-droxy-aceto-phenone and subsequent cyclization of this chalcone by reaction with hydrazine hydrate. (iucr.org)
  • He promulgated Hammick's rule , which predicts the order of substitution in benzene derivatives, while the Hammick reaction is used in the synthesis of larger molecules. (chemeurope.com)
  • Both types of reactions are attractive with respect to the combinatorial synthesis of small molecules. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • The disconnection approach is a useful method for the development of a synthesis plan for a target molecule. (uni-erlangen.de)
Hydrogen atom1
  • Therefore, the replacement of one hydrogen atom of benzene by any substituent will give only a single product. (org.in)
Cyclic1
  • The cyclic nature of benzene was finally confirmed by the eminent crystallographer Kathleen Lonsdale . (bris.ac.uk)
Substituents1
  • If the number of substituents increases in the benzene ring, the number of position isomers also goes up. (org.in)
Pyrazoline derivative1
  • In the title pyrazoline derivative, C 16 H 16 N 2 O 3 ·H 2 O, the pyrazoline ring has an envelope conformation with the substituted sp 2 C atom on the flap. (iucr.org)
Electrons2
  • First, between cyclohexanol and phenol derivatives, in C6H5O- ion,one of the lone pairs on the oxygen atom overlaps with the delocalised electrons on the benzene ring. (brainmass.com)
  • The relative length of the C-C bonds in benzene can be explained in terms of the delocalized electrons, which leads to the intermediate bond lengths. (bris.ac.uk)
Ethanol1
  • After binding into glycosides, their polarity increases, and they are easily soluble in methanol and ethanol, and also soluble in hot water, but less soluble in cold water, and almost insoluble in benzene, ether, chloroform and other non-polar organic solvents. (bocsci.com)
Aryl1
Benzoate6
Fluorescent probes1
  • Consequently, we designed a series of benzocoumarin-based ratiometric TP fluorescent probes and corresponding product molecules for H 2 O 2 detection. (rsc.org)
Chemistry2
  • His research spans a wide range, from the quantum chemistry of small molecules and the spectroscopic properties of proteins, to the application of state-of-the-art statistical and computer science methodology to problems in bioinformatics, drug design and sustainable chemistry. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
Hydroxyl group1
  • When there is no phenolic hydroxyl group in the molecule, quinones are almost colorless, but with the introduction of phenolic hydroxyl group and other auxiliary chromophores, they have a certain color, and the more auxiliary chromophores introduced, the darker the color is, such as yellow, orange, brownish red and purple-red. (bocsci.com)
Evaporation3
  • 44 The obtained enthalpy represents the sum of interaction energies, which prevent water molecules from desorption or evaporation. (researchgate.net)
  • This result is owing to evaporation of water and/or MP molecules following exothermic cyclization reaction. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This amphiphilic molecule is immobilised by evaporation of an acetonitrile solution at a basal plane pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode surface and is shown to provide a monolayer film. (bath.ac.uk)
Bonds4
  • As a result, all the carbon carbon bond length(139 pm) in benzene are equal, all the carbon-hydrogen bonds(110 pm) are equivalent, its dipole moment is zero and does not show the type of isomerism. (org.in)
  • That snake was benzene, biting itself in the tail, which made sense if it possessed alternating single and double bonds. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Strategic bonds are bonds within the target molecule which are qualified to be disconnected. (uni-erlangen.de)
  • The following table gives an overview about the physicochemical properties considered for the rating of strategic bonds linked to benzene ring systems. (uni-erlangen.de)
Carbons1
  • If we use the nitration of benzene as a reference, we can assign the rate of reaction at one of the carbons to be 1.0. (martinicosmetics.pl)
Reactions3
  • The solution discusses organic molecules an reactions. (brainmass.com)
  • 338656 Catabolic reactions Catabolic reactions involve the: a. breakdown of large organic molecules to simple building blocks b. breakdown of life sustaining processes within cells c. (brainmass.com)
  • Homolysis and heterolysis are two words used to mean rupture reactions in organic molecules . (brainmass.com)
Ring closing1
  • First, the arylimidazole is obtained through a ring closing reaction using an aniline derivative, glyoxal, formaldehyde and ammonium chloride. (beilstein-journals.org)
Functional groups2
  • The infrared spectrum is largely determined by the vibration modes of the molecule, and functional groups like hydroxyl and esters have very different vibration modes. (hassiumkorfb603.click)
  • There are many functional groups on organic molecules . (brainmass.com)
Ionic1
  • Ionic liquids 1 - 6 were synthesized via a three-step procedure starting from commercially available aniline derivatives (see Scheme 1 ). (beilstein-journals.org)
Acetylene1
  • Benzene was first synthesized in a laboratory in 1870 by Pierre Berthelot who passed acetylene through a red hot tube. (bris.ac.uk)
Acidic1
  • This makes phenol derivatives more acidic than cyclohexanol derivatives. (brainmass.com)
Mechanism1
  • Moreover, we comprehensively investigated the effect of the benzene-fused position in the coumarin backbone on the transition dipole moment and nonradiative decay channels, explaining the fluorescence near-quenching mechanism of benzo[ f ]coumarin derivative DCCA-4 for the first time. (rsc.org)
Calcium1
  • calcium carbonate reacts with two molecules of acetic acid to form 1 molecule of Calcium acetate, one molecule of water and one molecule of carbon dioxide. (brainmass.com)
Rings1
  • Arenes are further classified into different series depending upon the number of fused benzene rings present in their molecules. (org.in)
Chains2
  • Small organic molecules that act as lubricants between polymer chains. (brainmass.com)
  • Within the crystal, the molecules are packed forming C- H interactions in chains which propagate along [010]. (icbinhibitor.com)
Volatile1
  • Small molecules of benzoquinone and naphthoquinone are volatile and can be distilled with water vapor. (bocsci.com)
Compound3
  • Benzoquinonetetracarboxylic dianhydride is an organic compound with formula C 10O 8 (an oxide of carbon) which can be seen as the result of removing two molecules of water H 2O from benzoquinonetetracarboxylic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The molecular formula of benzene is C 6 H 6 .Benzene is a highly unsaturated compound. (org.in)
  • Benzene is an unsaturated compound yet it does not undergo addition reaction. (org.in)
Structures2
  • Characterization of prepared derivatives showed that both methods lead to formation of crosslinked humic structures. (researchgate.net)
  • Kekule drew what he believed to be two identical structures for benzene and now he needed to find proof that his 'daydream' was correct. (bris.ac.uk)
Water4
  • For this reason, we prepared eight derivatives of lignite humic acids using either water-soluble N-Ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) or water-insoluble N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) under various conditions. (researchgate.net)
  • Under water-saturated conditions, the EDC derivatives showed faster swelling kinetics and reached almost the same water holding capacity as the original sample after 18 days. (researchgate.net)
  • They can include interactions between SOM and water and also interaction between water molecules within the SOM structure at larger water contents. (researchgate.net)
  • Benzene is immiscible with water and will form the upper layer since it has a lower density of 0.879 g/cm 3 . (bris.ac.uk)
Form4
  • physics) of any molecule of the form X2 in which the two nuclei have parallel spin. (etymologeek.com)
  • Our expertise in biotransformation of small molecules originates in part from work of the previous GBF research group of Microbial Transformation (head Prof. Kieslich) which provided us a large collection of microbe strains and fermentation protocols in the form of a bio/data bank. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • 1)Benzene adds three molecules of hydrogen in presence of Raney nickel or platinum as catalyst at 473-523 K to form cyclohexane. (org.in)
  • 2) In presence of sunlight and in absence of halogen carrier, benzene adds three molecules of chlorine to form benzene hexachloride. (org.in)
Transition1
  • 4-Methyl-benzene-sulfonate derivatives emerged as substrates for first-row transition metal catalysts. (iucr.org)
Toxic2
  • But beware as benzene is highly toxic and absorbed through the skin. (bris.ac.uk)
  • Together, these experiments proved the ability of the fluorescent molecule to transport a non-permeable cell toxic peptide into the cell with the concomitant recovery of toxicity. (biu.ac.il)
Chemists1
  • August Kekule was one of the organic chemists who was working on the structural elucidation of benzene. (bris.ac.uk)
Properties1
  • WODCA calculates for each atom and bond within a molecule a set of empirical physicochemical properties which are listed in the scheme on Figure 1. (uni-erlangen.de)
Structure3
  • Hydrocarbons are classified according to the structure of the molecule. (spe.org)
  • The former East Germany (DDR) commemorated the work of Kekule on a stamp which shows his structure of benzene. (bris.ac.uk)
  • It is important to realise that benzene has a planar structure. (bris.ac.uk)
Position1
  • Thus, disubstitution products of benzene show position isomerism. (org.in)
Give1
  • It dissolves in methylated derivatives of benzene to give solutions ranging from orange to violet. (wikipedia.org)
Stability1
  • To demonstrate the predictive power of the PBE+vdW$^{\rm surf}$, we design a novel type of single-molecule push button switch, by carefully controlling the stability and activation barrier between a chemically bound state and a physically bound state for benzene derivatives adsorbed on metal surfaces. (aps.org)
Formation2
  • The intensity anomaly can be explained by intracluster cyclization reaction induced by electron transfer from the metal atom and resulting a stable benzene derivative formation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Attachment of one electron to 1,2-diBeX-benzene and 1,2-diZnX-benzene derivatives leads to the formation of stronger Be-Be and Zn-Zn interaction. (authorea.com)