• The differentially expressed genes can be classified as genes involved in protein synthesis, cell cycle, signal transduction, apoptosis, mitochondrial-related proteins, and immune responses. (usda.gov)
  • Of the numerous lipid classes implicated in eliciting lipotoxicity, sphingolipid: ceramides are among the most deleterious as they modulate signaling pathways involved in regulating glucose metabolism, triglyceride synthesis, apoptosis, and fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fission also regulates apoptosis through segregation of the most critically injured mitochondria [1, 4]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • However, the effects of NAC on LPS‑induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the associated mechanisms are not well characterized. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present study explored the effect of NAC on LPS‑induced apoptosis of HUVECs and determined the participation of the p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the process of apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Apoptosis refers to the self-regulated and orderly death of cells controlled by genes in order to maintain the stability of internal environment ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The death receptor pathway plays an important role in cell apoptosis ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The mitochondrial pathway is also referred to as the endogenous apoptosis pathway ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The expression levels of apoptosis-related genes Bcl2 and Bax were determined by real-time PCR. (ijpsonline.com)
  • These findings indicated that Solanum nigrum extract induced cell death in MDA-MB-468 cells by two distinct mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy, and these findings further suggest a possibility that this extract could be used to treat triple negative breast cancer. (ijpsonline.com)
  • How apoptosis contributes to immune defense against pathogens that blockimmune signaling pathways, and how this apoptosis is regulated remains poorly understood. (usda.gov)
  • We haveidentified a novel regulator of apoptosis pathways, termed CARD19, which plays a key role in multiplepathways of caspase-dependent cell death. (usda.gov)
  • The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
  • This study demonstrates that debcl and the pro-fission gene drp1 are necessary downstream of buffy to trigger a mitochondrial fragmentation during rbf1 -induced apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
  • Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
  • Notably, Debcl modulates Drp1 mitochondrial localization during apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
  • These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
  • TRIM13 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
  • TRIM13-induced NSCLC cell apoptosis was attenuated by a caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO, suggesting that TRIM13 induced cell apoptosis partially through a caspase-3-dependent pathway. (cancerindex.org)
  • The molecular mechanisms governing this cardiac dysfunction remain largely unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, we were interested in the role of microRNA (miRNA) expression in the resulting dysfunction. (cdc.gov)
  • These changes mimic those observed in diabetes and insulin resistance and, if sustained, may result in mitochondrial dysfunction in the prediabetic/insulin-resistant state. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • How the impairment of these pathways leads to neurological dysfunction and neurodegeneration is still largely debated. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Many studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction as a key contributor to cell loss in Parkinson disease (PD). (nature.com)
  • Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of a large number of inherited diseases in humans, including Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. (sdbonline.org)
  • The expression of human α-synuclein transgene in neuronal populations that include dopamine producing neurons under the control of Ddc -Gal4 produces a robust Parkinson disease model, and results in severely reduced lifespan and locomotor dysfunction. (sdbonline.org)
  • Our study provided the first in vivo evidence linking GGC repeat expansions within NOTCH2NLC to cardiac abnormalities and highlighted the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of cardiac abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Role of the cystathionine β-synthase / H2S pathway in the development of cellular metabolic dysfunction and pseudohypoxia in down syndrome. (helsinki.fi)
  • The massive accumulation of substances affects the function of lysosomes and other organelles, resulting in secondary changes, such as impairment of autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. (liu.se)
  • A Syntenic Cross Species Aneuploidy Genetic Screen Links RCAN1 Expression to β-Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. (lu.se)
  • We discovered that DNMT3A and TET2 mutations prevent their ability to bind and activate the TFAM gene," says first author Isidoro Cobo, a postdoctoral researcher in the Glass lab at UC San Diego. (news-line.com)
  • Scientists from the Salk Institute and UC San Diego published new findings in Immunity on August 2, 2022, where they examined human blood cells and discovered a surprising link between mitochondria, inflammation and DNMT3A and TET2-two genes that normally help regulate blood cell growth but, when mutated, are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis. (news-line.com)
  • They found that when TFAM levels are reduced, mitochondrial DNA is expelled from the mitochondria into the cell's interior. (news-line.com)
  • Remarkably, low levels of DNMT3A and TET2 expression in blood cells leads to reduced TFAM expression, which in turn leads to abnormal mitochondria DNA packaging, instigating inflammation due to released mitochondrial DNA. (news-line.com)
  • Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. (nature.com)
  • This study evaluated the roles of PINK1 mitochondrial kinase, and Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase in targeting depolarized mitochondria for degradation in vivo, using quantitative measurements of mitochondria in Drosophila nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • The hypotheses was tested that impairment of mitochondrial quality control via suppression of PINK1 function should produce failures of turnover, accumulation of senescent mitochondria in the axon, defects in mitochondrial traffic, and a significant shift in the mitochondrial fission-fusion steady state. (sdbonline.org)
  • Loss of PINK1 also produced specific, directionally balanced defects in mitochondrial transport, without altering the balance between stationary and moving mitochondria. (sdbonline.org)
  • The Parkinson's disease genes pink1 and parkin , which encode a mitochondrially targeted protein kinase, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, participate in a key mitochondrial quality-control pathway that eliminates damaged mitochondria. (sdbonline.org)
  • Attributed to the failure of neurons to clear dysfunctional mitochondria , loss of gene expression leads to loss of nigrostriatal neurons. (sdbonline.org)
  • The Pink1/parkin pathway plays a role in the quality control mechanism aimed at eliminating defective mitochondria, and the failure of this mechanism results in a reduced lifespan and impaired locomotor ability, among other phenotypes. (sdbonline.org)
  • Mitochondria, a powerhouse of the cell, are rich in a large number of enzymes, which not only participate in cellular oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, but also regulate intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species to maintain cellular homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within the cell, TSPO is predominantly located in mitochondria, specifically in the outer mitochondrial membrane. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Our preliminary data demonstrate that CARD19 is localized tothe mitochondria, similarly to another mitochondrial CARD-containing protein, MAVS. (usda.gov)
  • Mitochondrial porin , also known as the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), is a multi-functional channel protein that shuttles metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions. (sdbonline.org)
  • Transcriptomic analysis revealed shared downregulation of genes related to ion channels and mitochondria in both models, with the cardiomyocyte-specific mice showing a more pronounced downregulation of mitochondria and energy metabolism-related pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further investigations revealed decreased expression of mitochondria-related genes and electron transport chain activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 Recent insights reveal that mitochondria can regulate cell signaling and gene expression by tuning the rates of metabolic reactions. (cancer.gov)
  • Ever since we revealed this pathway, there has been an explosion of interest in mitochondria being involved in inflammation and many reports linking mitochondrial DNA release to other clinical contexts. (businessremark.com)
  • MiRNA-378a-3p acts as a negative regulator of mitochondrial metabolic and biogenesis pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • We hypothesized a HFD may affect expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Combined, these results suggest a mechanism whereby HFD downregulates genes necessary for OXPHOS and mitochondrial biogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • At the molecular and structural level, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function are altered in diabetes, as well as in insulin-resistant relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In addition to the cellular energy sensor AMP kinase, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor cofactors PGC1α ( 5 , 6 , 7 ) and possibly PGC1β ( 8 ) activate mitochondrial biogenesis and increase OXPHOS gene expression by increasing the transcription, translation, and activation of the transcription factors necessary for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC1α. (nature.com)
  • Lysosomal biogenesis is regulated by transcription factors EB (TFEB) and E3 (TFE3), which are activated during starvation. (liu.se)
  • MiRNA-378a regulated proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion, transcription, and fatty acid metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • This review provides an overview of the basic molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial fusion and focuses on the alteration in mitochondrial DNA amount resulting from impairment of mitochondrial dynamics. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • The KDM5 family appears to regulate key developmental functions, including cellular differentiation, mitochondrial function and cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • These novel changes induced by WNV may serve as of 173 cellular genes were identified by ArrayTools to be biomarkers and help explain the neuropathologic features differentially expressed in the WNV-infected A172 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • While these disorders can still be considered rare, defective mitochondrial dynamics seem to play a significant role in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of more common neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Mitochondrial fusion and fission are fundamental processes underlying cellular dynamics [1]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • However, the cellular molecular mechanisms are unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Here, we examine if KDELR might control other cellular modules through this pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • In recent years, we have begun to analyse the mechanisms by which the secretory pathway, one of the main cellular functional modules, maintains its homeostasis and coordinates its activity with those of other modules. (oncotarget.com)
  • Compared with individual exposures, co-exposure aerosols produced greater acellular and cellular oxidants detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and in vivo immune-spin trapping (IST), as well as synergistically increased lavage neutrophils, lavage proteins and inflammation related gene/protein expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Interestingly, cell death regulators also regulate many other cellular processes prior to a death stimulus, including neuronal activity, mitochondrial dynamics and energetics. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • We have reported that many insults can trigger cells to activate a cellular death pathway (Nature, 361:739-742, 1993), that several viruses encode proteins to block attempted cell suicide (Proc. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • 94: 690-694, 1997), that cellular anti-death genes can alter the pathogenesis of virus infections (Nature Med. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Previously, a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding the copper-sensing and copper-regulated transcription factor GRISEA of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina was reported to lead to cellular copper depletion and a pleiotropic phenotype with hypopigmentation of the mycelium and the ascospores, affected fertility and increased lifespan by approximately 60% when compared to the wild type. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • This analysis verified but also corrected conclusions from earlier data obtained by single gene analysis, identified new candidates of factors as part of the cellular copper homeostasis system including target genes of transcription factor GRISEA, and provides a rich reference source of quantitative data for further in detail investigations. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Comparison of wild-type transcripts, which are continuously down-regulated during aging, with those down-regulated in the long-lived, copper-uptake mutant grisea, validated the relevance of age-related changes in cellular copper metabolism. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Now a large and ever increasing number of genetic subtypes has been described, and major advances in molecular and cellular biology have clarified the understanding of the role of different proteins in the physiology of peripheral nerve conduction in health and in disease. (medscape.com)
  • Western blotting was performed to detect the protein levels of TWIST and EMT-related genes. (hindawi.com)
  • HMGCS2 protein expression is down-regulated preferentially in moderately and poorly differentiated carcinomas. (aacrjournals.org)
  • one was SDHB in complex II and a mitochondrial carrier protein SLC25A12. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In hepatoma cell lines, fatty acids increase Hilpda expression and protein levels. (wur.nl)
  • The most relevant proteins involved in the mitochondrial fusion process are three GTPase dynamin-like proteins: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and 2 (MFN2), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, and optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), in the inner membrane. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a cytosolic dynamin-related GTPase, plays a central role in fission by promoting mitochondrial division through its oligomerization into multimeric spiral structures [5]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can regulate the expression of apoptotic factors, including caspase‑3, Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. (nature.com)
  • Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. (nature.com)
  • TSPO is a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein and is involved in numerous biological functions. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Expression of TGF-β and downstream proteins belonging to suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways was assessed by immunoblotting. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Inter-organellar and systemic responses to impaired mitochondrial matrix protein import in skeletal muscle. (helsinki.fi)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • We found that TRIM13 mRNA and protein expression was reduced in NSCLC tissues and cell lines in comparison to paired non-cancerous tissues and a human normal bronchial epithelial cell line, respectively. (cancerindex.org)
  • Based on these findings, we propose that ketogenesis is an undesirable metabolic characteristic of the proliferating cell, which is down-regulated through c-Myc-mediated repression of the key metabolic gene HMGCS2 . (aacrjournals.org)
  • Adipocytes, the key components of the adipose tissue, have unique ability to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, sense systemic energy demands, and secrete factors (lipids, peptides, cytokines, and adipokines) to regulate other metabolic tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • The presence of various types of adipocytes (white, brown, and beige) characterized by the number/size of lipid droplets, mitochondrial density, and thermogenic capacity, further highlights how intricate is the communication of these cell-types with other metabolic tissues to sense nutrients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Research in the @LyssiotisLab is focused on understanding the biochemical pathways and metabolic requirements that enable tumor growth in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer, and translating those findings into new cancer therapies. (cancer.gov)
  • Demethylases are important epigenetic proteins, as they are responsible for transcriptional regulation of the genome by controlling the methylation of DNA and histones, and by extension, the chromatin state at specific gene loci. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent studies have identified the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) as a regulator of mitochondrial function in tissues specialized for thermogenesis, such as brown adipose. (jci.org)
  • The differentially regu- many of which were not found in previous transcriptional lated genes were separately uploaded into EASE (4) to studies of other flaviviruses (3). (cdc.gov)
  • While ERRγ deletion did not fully recapitulate the transcriptional alterations observed in postmortem tissue, it caused reductions in genes involved in synaptic and mitochondrial function and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Further evidence suggests that during PD progression, transcriptional programs for the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial structure and function are disrupted 11 . (nature.com)
  • in fact, these genes are targets of the transcriptional coactivator and master regulator of transcription of mitochondrial genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) 12 . (nature.com)
  • 14 ). It is important to identify the transcription factors involved in regulation of these genes to reveal potential avenues for modulating transcriptional programs that could be dysfunctional in PD. (nature.com)
  • These ions also act as cofactors or structural components of proteins or enzymes that regulate several physiological processes such as mitochondrial respiration, energy metabolism, and antioxidants [ 3 , 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Transcript profiles associated with the energy metabolism including mitochondrial functions were identified to fluctuate during aging. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Hyperlactataemia is the defining biochemical abnormality in children with CLA and, in the absence of hypoxia, should be considered a surrogate marker for underlying failure of mitochondrial energy metabolism. (bmj.com)
  • Understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the entire organism has significantly improved with the application of contemporary biochemical tools for quantifying the fuel substrate metabolism with cutting-edge mouse genetic procedures. (mdpi.com)
  • Additional studies have indicated that KDM3A may play a role in regulation of androgen receptor-dependent genes as well as genes involved in pluripotency, indicating a potential role for KDM3A in tumorigenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rat HMGCS2 gene contains elements that control its multihormonal regulation and tissue specificity ( 11 - 14 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway plays a critical role in the regulation of a comprehensive and protective antioxidant response [ 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The role of PPARα in gene regulation in mouse liver is well characterized. (wur.nl)
  • Our results support the major role of PPARα in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, highlight the more modest effect of PPARα activation on gene regulation in human liver compared to mouse liver, and indicate that PPARα may have a suppressive effect on DNA synthesis in human liver. (wur.nl)
  • Fig. 1: Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. (nature.com)
  • In addition, Bcl-2 family proteins have normal physiological roles in regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion and mitochondrial energetics to facilitate neuronal activity in healthy brains. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Missing or reducing this binding activity leads to mitochondrial DNA release and an overactive mitochondrial inflammation response, and we believe this may exacerbate plaque buildup in atherosclerosis. (news-line.com)
  • Cardiac function, utilizing the Vevo 2100 Imaging System, electron transport chain complex activities, and mitochondrial respiration assessed cardiac and mitochondrial function. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous analyses of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons from patients with Lewy-body pathology revealed a deficiency in nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial respiration, many of which are targets for the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor gamma ( Esrrg /ERRγ). (nature.com)
  • Laser-captured microdissected (LCM) DAergic neurons from postmortem tissue of patients with Lewy-pathology revealed a deficiency in expression for nuclear-encoded genes involved in mitochondrial respiration and function 12 . (nature.com)
  • These adaptive molecular and structural mechanisms increase respiration to maintain basic processes specific to cell types and tissues. (nature.com)
  • Cuproptosis causes proteotoxic stress and ultimately results in cell death by the binding of Cu ions to lipid-acylated proteins during the tricarboxylic acid cycle of mitochondrial respiration. (ijbs.com)
  • MFN2 is also present in the endoplasmic reticulum, controlling its morphology and facilitating mitochondrial calcium influx from endoplasmic reticulum stores [8]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Somatic mitochondrial morphology was also compromised. (sdbonline.org)
  • The expression of AAV-NRP-1 markedly ameliorated the cerebral I/R-induced damage to the motor function and restored the mitochondrial morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These RCD forms differ in duration, morphology, and inflammatory consequences, with complex and interconnected molecular mechanisms [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • These chicken genome arrays have considerable promise as a valuable tool in understanding the molecular mechanism regulating MDV cytolytic and latent infection, and providing insights into the chicken gene expression pattern and associated biological pathways in response to different phases of viral pathogenesis. (usda.gov)
  • In other words, expression of specific genes might have relevance to pathogenesis of diseases. (intechopen.com)
  • Simon and A.P. Lam, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, fy putative mechanisms involved in WNV pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • In this review, we briefly summarize the pathogenesis of NAFLD and factors that influence the progression of NAFLD, and focus on the potential mechanisms of BBR in the treatment of NAFLD. (mdpi.com)
  • Understanding physiological processes in biochemical and molecular details not only offers insight into disease pathogenesis, but also permits the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as the design of novel therapeutic compounds. (liu.se)
  • reported that miR-326 is abnormally expressed in metastasis and nonmetastasis tissues in non-small-cell lung cancer, providing an experimental basis for exploring the mechanism of non-small cell lung cancer metastasis and molecular diagnosis and treatment [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • HMGCS2 , the gene that regulates ketone body production, is expressed in liver and several extrahepatic tissues, such as the colon. (aacrjournals.org)
  • qRT-PCR showed that a number of key genes involved in chlorogenic acid synthesis were differentially expressed in various tissues of S. chinensis. (bvsalud.org)
  • DAMPs, damage-associated tissues and the molecular target structures and pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • trol spots, and images were screened for changes in A total of 173 genes were differentially expressed, expression values of at least 2-fold. (cdc.gov)
  • It is thought to be involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including antiaging mechanisms, differentiation and development, immunity, and elimination of microorganisms [ 9 - 13 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Overall, the present study demonstrates the importance of systems biology approaches also in cases were mutations in single genes are analyzed to explain the underlying mechanisms controlling complex biological processes like aging and development. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Aging of biological systems is controlled by various processes which have a potential impact on gene expression. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Autophagy was detected using acridine orange staining and real-time PCR for Lc3 and Beclin1 genes expression. (ijpsonline.com)
  • The expression levels of autophagy-related genes, Lc3 and Beclin1 increased in cells treated with 1.5 mg/ml of Solanum nigrum extract. (ijpsonline.com)
  • Autophagy, the type II cell death, is a physiological mechanism involving degradation of intracellular damaged proteins and organelles into membrane vacuoles. (ijpsonline.com)
  • While the abundance of transcripts linked to ribosomes and to the proteasome quality control system were found to decrease during aging, those associated with autophagy increase, suggesting that autophagy may act as a compensatory quality control pathway. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Correct autophagic function is essential for cells, particularly for neurons, which rely on autophagy for survival, and the inactivation of crucial autophagy genes in mice results in severe neurodegeneration. (liu.se)
  • After 330 days of iAs treatment, development of invasive SCC of skin probably due to excess ROS generation, elevation of TGF-β, downregulation of the Smad pathway, upregulation of PI3K-AKT and MAPK signalling molecules and induction of EMT was observed. (jcpjournal.org)
  • All these modulations were found to be reversed by BTE, which inhibits iAs induced SCC of skin by quenching excess ROS, promoting Smad mediated TGF-β signalling, downregulating signalling intermediates of PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways and inhibiting EMT. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yp)blocks NF-?B and MAPK signaling and interferes with inflammatory gene expression but also inducesapoptosis in innate immune cells. (usda.gov)
  • KDM2A and KDM2B possess CXXC zinc finger domains responsible for binding to unmethylated CpG islands, and it is believed that they may bind to many gene regulatory elements in the absence of sequence-specific transcription factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent global analyses of gene transcripts revealed that specific transcription factors (TFs) and their networking systems physiologically correspond to the onset of human diseases, including cancer. (intechopen.com)
  • HFHS + CE mice had lower hepatic diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols content and reduced expression of key lipogenic transcription factors. (researchgate.net)
  • Discussion at the Vancouver meeting spanned several areas of research, including signaling pathway activation of EMT and the transcription factors and gene targets involved. (rupress.org)
  • Nrf2 activates transcription of antioxidant enzymes by binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter regions of its target genes [ 23 , 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Upon exposure to ROS, Keap1 undergoes a conformational change that allows Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus, bind to the ARE region, and initiate transcription of target genes [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Oxidized Keap1 dissociates from Nrf2, allowing Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus, bind to the ARE region, and initiate transcription of target genes. (hindawi.com)
  • A comprehensive understanding of the physiological and molecular function of PPARα target genes is needed for the accurate development of therapeutical strategies. (wur.nl)
  • Then, we pursued to expand our understanding on the physiological and molecular function of two PPARα target genes, Hilpda and Slc25a47. (wur.nl)
  • Fusion of the outer mitochondrial membrane depends on two GTPase family members: mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and mitofusin 2 (MFN2). (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • This imbalance has at least two direct consequences: damage to individual components of the living cell and induction of inflammatory pathways that further perpetuate the damage. (hindawi.com)
  • We found that the genes DNMT3A and TET2, in addition to their normal job of altering chemical tags to regulate DNA, directly activate expression of a gene involved in mitochondrial inflammatory pathways, which hints at a new molecular target for atherosclerosis therapeutics," says Gerald Shadel, co-senior author, Salk professor and director of the San Diego Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging. (news-line.com)
  • This prompted us to take a different approach and contact Shadel, who had uncovered the same inflammatory pathway years earlier while examining responses to mitochondrial DNA stress. (news-line.com)
  • They found that experimentally reducing the expression of DNMT3A or TET2 in the normal blood cells had similar results to blood cells that had loss of function mutations and blood cells from atherosclerosis patients--an increased inflammatory response. (news-line.com)
  • However, expression of macrophage/inflammatory markers and fibrosis were not different between HILPDA knockout and floxed mice. (wur.nl)
  • Studies have shown that periodontitis is associated with altered expression of inflammatory mediators in gingival fibroblasts and periodontal membrane cells ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Project SummaryImmune defense against bacterial infection requires activation of conserved signaling pathways that upregulateproduction of inflammatory mediators to clear infection. (usda.gov)
  • Some mitochondrial DNA (small green dots) has escaped into the cytoplasm, inducing an inflammatory response. (businessremark.com)
  • Total RNA was isolated on P16, and the relative abundance of mRNA of the crystallin structural genes, redox components, and apoptotic cascade were ascertained with real-time PCR with reference to the internal control β-actin . (molvis.org)
  • NRP-1 can produce neuroprotective effects against I/R injury to the brain by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promoting mitochondrial structural repair and functional recovery, which may serve as a promising candidate target in treating ischemic stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, promoting the mitochondrial structural repair and functional recovery is the crucial for the amelioration of the neurological damage after cerebral ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These changes may be mediated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC1) pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In addition, an excess of oxidative free radicals also increases the expression of proinflammatory genes and activates the inflammation process [ 18 , 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • But how the DNMT3A and TET2 genes were involved in inflammation, and possibly atherosclerosis, was unknown. (news-line.com)
  • This sets off the same molecular alarm that tells the cell there is a bacterial or viral invader and triggers a defensive molecular pathway that promotes inflammation. (news-line.com)
  • Scientists from the Glass and Shadel labs worked together to better understand why DNMT3A and TET2 mutations led to inflammation responses similar to those observed during mitochondrial DNA stress. (news-line.com)
  • It's very exciting to see our discovery on TFAM depletion causing mitochondrial DNA stress and inflammation now has direct relevance for a disease like atherosclerosis," says Shadel, who holds the Audrey Geisel Chair in Biomedical Science. (news-line.com)
  • In the second part of this thesis, we characterized the physiological and molecular function of HILDPA in ATM in the context of obesity-induced inflammation and in hepatocytes during NASH. (wur.nl)
  • The expressions of SNHG3, miR-326, and TWIST in GC9811-P GC cell lines were detected by RT-qPCR. (hindawi.com)
  • In CaCo-2 colonic epithelial cells, the expression of this gene increases with cell differentiation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The teams applied genetic engineering tools and cell imaging to examine cells from people with normal cells, those with loss of function mutations in DNMT3A or TET2 expression, and those with atherosclerosis. (news-line.com)
  • We demonstrate that deletion of ERRγ from DAergic neurons in adult mice was sufficient to cause a levodopa-responsive PD-like phenotype with reductions in mitochondrial gene expression and number, that partial deficiency of ERRγ hastens synuclein-mediated toxicity, and that ERRγ overexpression reduces inclusion load and delays synuclein-mediated cell loss. (nature.com)
  • GO-AgNPs induced significant cytotoxicity by the loss of cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle arrest, increasing leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and level of Malondialdehyde (MDA), increasing expression of pro-apoptotic genes and decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic genes. (researchsquare.com)
  • These results strongly circumscribe the possible mechanisms of PINK1 action in the mitochondrial life cycle and also raise the possibility that mitochondrial turnover events that occur in cultured embryonic axons might be restricted to the cell body in vivo, in the intact nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • Notably, CARD19 deficiency results in increased susceptibility tooral infection by Y. pseudotuberculosis further supporting the role of cell death in response to Yersinia infectionas a key host immune protective mechanism. (usda.gov)
  • This pathway likely responds to manypathogens that block critical innate immune signaling pathways and in the context of pathological stimuli thatlead to CARD19-induced cell death. (usda.gov)
  • First we will define the molecular basis for CARD19-induced cell death. (usda.gov)
  • Using the early embryonic divisions of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata as a model to investigate mechanisms of unequal cell division, this study convincingly demonstrates that cell shape and cortical domains are cooperating, rather than competing, in order to establish cell size asymmetry, a significant conceptual advance for the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
  • Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)
  • Regulated Cell Death (RCD) is a universal process in living organisms essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to various stressors. (ijbs.com)
  • Unlike accidental cell death (ACD), which lacks control, RCD relies on dedicated molecular machinery. (ijbs.com)
  • Therefore, many genetically programmed cell suicide pathways have evolved to promote long-term survival of species from yeast to humans. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Of particular interest to our group are the mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins and other factors regulate programmed cell death, particularly in the nervous system, in cancer and in virus infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • We have shown that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins can be converted into killer molecules (Science 278:1966-8, 1997), that Bcl-2 family proteins interact with regulators of caspases and regulators of cell cycle check point activation (Molecular Cell 6:31-40, 2000). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The present study explored the expression and potential role of TRIM13 in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). (cancerindex.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to elucidate molecular mediators that connect nano-TiO2 exposure with impaired cardiac function. (cdc.gov)
  • These changes may be useful as potential biomarkers and and infected cells by using the RNeasy Mini kit and elucidate novel mechanisms behind the neuropathology of QIAshredder (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). (cdc.gov)
  • Our studies elucidate a novel mechanism that ACQA enhances the ß-oxidation of fatty acids through the AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 pathway to protect against steatosis in HepG2 cells, which provides insight into its molecular mechanism as well as intervention strategies for chlorogenic acid against fatty liver diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of our research is to elucidate how lysosomal functions are regulated in normal cells and how they are affected in different pathological conditions. (liu.se)
  • In chapter 2, by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, genetic analysis and biochemical assays, I identified the differential pairings of typical NLR receptor SOC3 with atypical NLR proteins CHS1 or TN2 to guard the homeostasis of the E3 ligase SAUL1. (ubc.ca)
  • Recent diagnostic advances have allowed the biochemical or molecular identification of specific enzyme defects in the majority of infants and children with CLA. (bmj.com)
  • Treatment with 200 mg/kg bodyweight C-PC (Group III) transcriptionally regulated the instability of the expression of these genes, thus ensuring C-PC is a prospective anticataractogenic agent that probably delays the onset and progression of cataractogenesis induced by sodium selenite. (molvis.org)
  • Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics due to mutations in proteins involved in the fusion-fission machinery represent an important pathogenic mechanism of human diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Mitochondrial biology, stress signaling and aging-related degenerative diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • Fig. 4: Post-translational mechanisms governing respiratory control and the role of mitochondrial membrane dynamics. (nature.com)
  • The binding was detected by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although mitochondrial membrane potential was diminished by PINK1 deletion, the predicted increases in mitochondrial density or length in axons were not seen. (sdbonline.org)
  • It is the prototype of the primary immunodeficiency diseases and is caused by numerous molecular defects that lead to severe compromise in the number and function of T cells, B cells, and occasionally natural killer (NK) cells. (medscape.com)
  • These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)
  • The directed expression of alpha-synuclein , a gene contributing to inherited forms of Parkinson disease (PD), in the dopaminergic neurons (DA) of flies provides a robust model of PD complete with the loss of neurons and accompanying motor defects. (sdbonline.org)
  • Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in a variety of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. (jci.org)
  • MiR-326 plays an anticancer role in a variety of malignant tumors and targets different genes in glioma, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer [ 11 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Accordingly, the expression of human HMGCS2 is down-regulated in 90% of Myc-dependent colon and rectum tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In addition, it is also down-regulated in 80% of small intestine Myc-independent tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • For example, in BRAF mutant melanoma models, treatment with the tissue-penetrant metformin analog phenformin synergized with BRAF pathway inhibitors to regress established tumors. (cancer.gov)
  • Ultimately, we sought to identify the physiological function of the liver-specific mitochondrial carrier Slc25a47 in liver lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. (wur.nl)
  • Chlorogenic acid is a phenolic compound, which can regulate lipid metabolism and is abundant in burdock root. (bvsalud.org)
  • LncRNA SNHG3 is also characterized by its involvement in the microRNA pathway of HCC, where miR-128/CD151 signaling of SNHG3 induces epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). (hindawi.com)
  • Phosphorylation of PINK1 is not only required for the PINK1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin but also induces its kinase activity toward Parkin. (sdbonline.org)
  • among them, mitochondrial fission 1 and mitochondrial fission factor have been proposed to be involved in DRP1 recruitment, although recent in vitro studies seem to not support this hypothesis [6, 7]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • In contrast, pathways connected to DNA synthesis were downregulated by fenofibrate in chimeric mice with hepatocyte humanized livers yet upregulated by fenofibrate in normal mouse livers. (wur.nl)
  • As it is apparent in this series, numerous studies have shown that manipulation of ceramide synthesis or degradation pathways in rodents through pharmacologic and genetic interventions have profound effects on insulin sensitivity ( 6 , 12 , 26 , 27 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, there are few studies on the synthesis pathway of chlorogenic acid in S. chinensis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In summary, we demonstrate that C3G enrichment in the HFHS diet attenuates short-term weight gain, decreases hepatic lipid content by suppressing key lipogenic gene expression and improves glucose homeostasis during obesity development, supporting the therapeutic utility of C3G as a bioactive phytonutrient to manage obesity-related complications. (researchgate.net)
  • For example, steroid and thyroid hormones directly bind to nuclear receptors, which induce expression of specific genes. (intechopen.com)
  • Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Direct regulators of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes are members of the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family, encoded by Esrra , Esrrb and Esrrg . (nature.com)
  • Fig. 3: Translational control of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. (nature.com)
  • An apparent Mg 2+ ion was bound between monomers at a conserved site in the cytoplasmic domain suggesting a mechanism to link gating of the pore to the intracellular concentration of Mg 2+ . (tcdb.org)
  • Nano-titanium dioxide (nano -TiO2), though one of the most utilized and produced engineered nanomaterial s (ENMs), diminishes cardiovascular function through dysregulation of metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics following inhalation exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The term congenital lactic acidosis (CLA) refers to a group of inborn errors of mitochondrial metabolism variably characterised by progressive neuromuscular deterioration and accumulation of lactate and hydrogen ions in blood, urine and/or cerebrospinal fluid, frequently resulting in early death. (bmj.com)
  • Real-time PCR analysis showed the crystallin genes ( αA- , βB1- , γD- ) and redox cycle components ( Cat , SOD-1 , Gpx ) were downregulated, the apoptotic components were upregulated, and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was downregulated in Group II. (molvis.org)
  • C-PC treatment possibly prevented cataractogenesis triggered by sodium selenite, by regulating the lens crystallin, redox genes, and apoptotic cascade mRNA expression and thus maintains lens transparency. (molvis.org)
  • There are two typical apoptotic pathways: The mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor pathway ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Immunoblotting and qPCR examined molecular targets of miRNA-378a. (cdc.gov)
  • Disruption of either PINK1 or Parkin phosphorylation impairs the PINK1/Parkin pathway, and the degeneration phenotype of photoreceptor neurons is obviously alleviated. (sdbonline.org)
  • This study altered the expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons and in the developing neuron-rich eye, with and without the expression of alpha-synuclein. (sdbonline.org)
  • To alter the expression of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • The directed expression of Buffy in the dopamine producing neurons, via aDdc-Gal4 transgene, resulted in flies with increased climbing ability and enhanced survival, while the inhibition of Buffy in the dopaminergic neurons reduced climbing ability over time prematurely, similar to the phenotype observed in the alpha-synuclein-induced Drosophila model of PD. (sdbonline.org)
  • The directed expression of Buffy in DA neurons provides protection and counteracts the alpha-synuclein-induced Parkinson disease-like phenotypes. (sdbonline.org)
  • These cells tend to be more metabolically quiescent and rely on mitochondrial oxidation for bioenergetics. (cancer.gov)
  • A committee of experts, initially sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO), meets every 2 years with the goal to classify the group of primary immunodeficiency diseases according to current understanding of the pathways that become defective in the immune system. (medscape.com)
  • Deletion of the gene for KDM1A can have effects on the growth and differentiation of embryonic stem cells and is universally lethal in knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • KDM2B has been additionally shown to prevent senescence in some cells through ectopic expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)
  • Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Mechanisms of cells were found to be a useful laboratory model for inves- tigating WNV infections. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of the effect of chlorogenic acid from burdock root (ACQA) on steatosis in HepG2 cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Given the central role of Src in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, we investigated the impact of the KDELR-Src pathway on the ability of cancer cells to degrade the ECM. (oncotarget.com)
  • Human blood cells following reduced expression of the gene DNMT3A. (businessremark.com)
  • Correspondence with low molecular weight chemicals that results in the priming of chemical-specific, Prof. Dr. Stefan F. Martin, Allergy Research skin-homing CD8+ Tc1/Tc17 and CD4+ Th1/Th17 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Epigenetic Alteration of the Cancer-Related Gene TGFBI in B Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus and Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Potential Role in Burkitt Lymphoma Development. (who.int)
  • PGC1α- and PGC1β-responsive OXPHOS genes show reduced expression in the muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes ( 3 , 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Future work in the lab will focus on identifying genes that induce DNA damage in response to short telomeres, identifying how telomeres are processed and how telomere elongation is regulated. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • MiRNA-378a knockout animals provide a protective effect against nano-TiO2 inhalation exposure by altering mitochondrial structure and function. (cdc.gov)
  • The function and possible mechanism of lncRNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 3 (SNHG3) in GC have not been fully studied. (hindawi.com)
  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and reduced mitochondrial mass and function. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Several studies suggest that targeting PGC-1α to improve mitochondrial function could be a potential therapeutic strategy. (nature.com)
  • The expression and function of NRP-1 and its specific protective mechanism were investigated by Western Blot, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, magnetic resonance imaging, transmission electron microscopy, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Area B will provide information on the structure and function of the TSPO molecule in response to TSPO ligands and within its multimeric complex by biophysical methods in order to unravel further molecular mechanisms of TSPO signaling and to give further input for TSPO ligand drug development. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • ADR1s and NRG1s function in two distinct parallel pathways contributing to TNL-specific immunity. (ubc.ca)
  • We provided evidence of interactive outcomes after air pollution constituent co-exposure and identified a key mechanistic pathway that can potentially explain epidemiological observation of lung function decline after an acute peak of air pollution. (cdc.gov)