• Chlorine atoms (Cl) are highly reactive and can strongly influence the abundances of climate and air quality-relevant trace gases. (nature.com)
  • Creative Chemistry has molecular models of unbranched alkenes with 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Creative Chemistry has molecular models of simple alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Chain isomers have the same molecular formula, but the way their carbon atoms are joined together differs from isomer to isomer. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Stereoisomerism occurs when substances have the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of their atoms in space. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • However, it is in the resin itself that CPVC achieves such high fire and heat resistance, thanks to the additional layer of chlorine atoms that are added during the chlorination of PVC to make CPVC. (lubrizol.com)
  • Other elements contain two or more atoms in their molecular form (Fig. 2.8). (hawaii.edu)
  • Hydrogen (H 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), and chlorine (Cl 2 ) molecules, for example, each contains two atoms. (hawaii.edu)
  • Although they have the same molecular weight and molecular formula, they differ structurally by where the chlorine atoms are attached to the benzene ring. (cdc.gov)
  • The huge array of chemical compounds that surround us and, indeed, are us, exist because two or more atoms of different elements combine to form stable molecular compounds. (lesker.com)
  • Chlorine atoms surround the chain, stiffening the carbon backbone and driving the softening temperature higher. (lubrizol.com)
  • Sucralose is made from sugar, but is derived from sucrose (sugar) through a process that selectively substitutes three atoms of chlorine for three hydrogen-oxygen groups on the sucrose molecule. (deepdownwellness.com)
  • First, three of the atoms in P4 are replaced with chlorine, resulting in PCl3 - a phosphorus atom bound to three chlorine atoms. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Afterwards, those chlorine atoms are displaced by organic (carbon-containing) molecules, creating a wide variety of organophosphorus compounds such as those found in pesticides. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Due to its unique chemical structure, the chlorine atoms of cisplatin are more subject to chemical displacement reactions by nucleophiles, such as water or sulfhydryl groups, than to enzyme-catalyzed metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • The latter, combined with the possible direct displacement of the chlorine atoms by sulfhydryl groups of amino acids or proteins, accounts for the instability of cisplatin in biological matrices. (nih.gov)
  • that allows negatively charged chlorine atoms (chloride ions) to cross the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Compound that contains carbon and one or more of the elements known as halons (chlorine, fluorine, or bromine). (encyclopedia.com)
  • It reacts violently with oxidants and fluorine or chlorine under influence of light. (ilo.org)
  • Chlorine, Fluorine, Nitrogen dioxide are those I remember. (blogspot.com)
  • I had chlorine and fluorine in mind as examples coloured geses, but didn't think of nitrogen dioxide . (blogspot.com)
  • The report also defines driving and restraining factors for the global chlorine market with the analysis of trends, opportunities, burning issues, winning imperatives, and challenges. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The report forecasts value of the global chlorine market and its various sub-markets with respect to main regions namely, Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, and Rest of the World. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The report segments the global chlorine market by its subsequent end-use applications. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • This market research study provides a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the global Chlorine market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The Asia-Pacific region was the world s largest market for chlorine products in 2013. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Various mergers & acquisitions, and expansions in chlorine industry and growing chemical industry have in turn made the region a potential growth market for chlorine market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Asia-Pacific is the largest and fastest growing market for chlorine. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • This research report categorizes the global market for chlorine on the basis of application and region along with forecasting volume, value, and trends in each of the markets. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The market for chlorine is anticipated to increase moderately in Asia-Pacific due to the increasing demand in EDC/PVC which are required in the construction industry, and chemicals which are projected to register a CAGR of around 3.0% between 2014 and 2019 in terms of volume. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The global market for chlorine is growing moderately, with Asia-Pacific leading consumption, followed by Europe and North America. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Asia-Pacific is the fastest growing market for chlorine across the world, followed by Europe and North America. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • This toxic chemical contained reactive chlorine. (rt.com)
  • These high levels of reactive chlorine are explained by the photodissociation of particulate nitrate and subsequent oxidation of chloride. (csic.es)
  • Creative Chemistry has molecular models of phosphorus pentafluoride, sulfur tetrafluoride and chlorine trifluoride. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Such a synthetic approach to organophosphorus compounds is indeed urgent, since the old chlorine-based phosphorus chemistry has a lot of undesirable consequences on our environment. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Known as P4, white phosphorus is the most stable form of molecular phosphorus. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • While the results of this procedure are currently satisfactory, it is both wasteful and dangerous - chlorine gas was used as a chemical weapon during World War I. Therefore chemists have been trying to find new ways to bind phosphorus to organic compounds without using chlorine. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • Chlorine, atomic number 17, has a mass of 35.452 au. (meta-synthesis.com)
  • Some elements are monatomic , meaning they are made of a single ( mon- ) atom ( -atomic ) in their molecular form. (hawaii.edu)
  • One mole equals the molecular (atomic) weight of a substance in grams. (msdmanuals.com)
  • (1989) . Lifetime measurements of some low-lying quartet levels in al-like sulphur chlorine and iron. (lu.se)
  • Bronchiolitis obliterans has also been reported with certain chemicals (eg, chlorine, phosgene, nitrogen dioxide). (medscape.com)
  • Although detector tubes for chlorine reacted with nitrogen-trichloride, the presence of trace amounts of molecular chlorine interfered, making the use of detector tubes unworkable. (cdc.gov)
  • It also eliminates lead, mercury, chlorine and volatile organic compounds all while retaining beneficial minerals. (coolhunting.com)
  • A range of resins having different molecular weights and chlorine contents, as well as a variety of compounds tailored to different part manufacturing processes make CPVC the smart way to get high performance products, profiles, parts and fittings. (lubrizol.com)
  • The range of chlorine contents available means that CPVC compounds can be formulated to have maximum use temperatures ranging from 80°C to 110°C. This allows CPVC to be useful in a variety of intense industrial applications or where radiant heating from sunlight can cause other materials to fail. (lubrizol.com)
  • Tiedje and colleagues discovered soil microbes that dechlorinate chlorine aromatic compounds that can help degrade toxic chemcials such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). (asm.org)
  • Two of 3M's Molecular Detection Assays -- Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria species--have been approved for First Action Official Method of Analysis distinction by AOAC International. (food-safety.com)
  • Classification of Acanthamoeba species has been based on morphology, but molecular methods are more accurate and increasingly utilized. (aao.org)
  • Cleaning the house with bleach products containing sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as the active ingredient leads to the emission of various chlorine-containing reactive species. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements indicated a large contribution of particulate chlorine species. (chemistryviews.org)
  • At physiological pH in the presence of 0.1M NaCl, the predominant molecular species are cisplatin and monohydroxymonochloro cis -diammine platinum (II) in nearly equal concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • Optical isomerism occurs when substances have the same molecular formula and structural formula, but one cannot be superimposed on the other. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Although the three isomers of trichlorobenzenes have the same molecular weight and formula, they each may have different chemical and toxicological properties. (cdc.gov)
  • The active ingredient, cisplatin, is a yellow to orange crystalline powder with the molecular formula PtCl 2 H 6 N 2 , and a molecular weight of 300.1. (nih.gov)
  • This so far unaccounted for source of chlorine can have substantial impacts on atmospheric chemistry. (nature.com)
  • To help you understand organic chemistry better, I have put together some molecular models for you to play with. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Creative Chemistry has molecular models of the first four unbranched alkanes. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Creative Chemistry has molecular models of graphene, graphite, a carbon nanotube, a buckyball and diamond. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Creative Chemistry has molecular models of methane, ammonia and water. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • Creative Chemistry has molecular models of sulfur hexafluoride, iodine pentafluoride and xenon tetrafluoride. (creative-chemistry.org.uk)
  • I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
  • A novel rechargeable battery that uses sodium-chlorine chemistry can store up to six times more charge than current batteries. (materialstoday.com)
  • Chlorine is a toxic gas with corrosive properties. (cdc.gov)
  • However, clothing or skin soaked with industrial-strength chlorine bleach or similar solutions may be corrosive to rescuers and may release harmful chlorine gas. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlorine gas is highly corrosive when it contacts moist tissues such as the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
  • Solutions that are able to generate chlorine (e.g., sodium hypochlorite solutions) may cause corrosive injury if ingested. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlorine gas is irritating and corrosive to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
  • This produces toxic and corrosive gases including chlorine (see ICSC 0126). (ilo.org)
  • Humic acid has a complex structure (molecular mass is 1500) is not soluble in water. (answers.com)
  • Chlorine measurements were made immediately before the chlorine was neutralized by the addition of 0.1 mL of sodium thiosulfate (10% w/v). Separate reaction vessels were used for each exposure time. (cdc.gov)
  • Measurements show elevated levels of molecular chlorine at the coast of Hong Kong. (csic.es)
  • CPVC resin is created through chlorination of the PVC molecular chain. (lubrizol.com)
  • The initial chlorine level was chosen to achieve a chlorine residual that would be typical of drinking water after satisfying the initial chlorine demand of the amnioallantoic fluid. (cdc.gov)
  • sensitive or intermediate according to readily found in cooling towers, hot- The concentration of residual chlorine the manufacturer's table. (who.int)
  • Inspectors have concluded that a 'toxic chemical' containing chlorine was used in an attack last April in the Syrian town of Douma, at the time held by rebels but besieged by pro-government forces, the global chemical weapons agency said on Friday. (cbc.ca)
  • The toxic chemical was likely molecular chlorine,' the OPCW said in a statement. (cbc.ca)
  • Chlorine is a yellow-green, noncombustible gas with a pungent, irritating odor. (cdc.gov)
  • Colorless liquid with a strong chlorine-like odor. (osha.gov)
  • Higher molecular weight antigens stimulate the release of IgE. (medscape.com)
  • Lower molecular weight antigens can induce airway sensititzation without the mediation of IgE. (medscape.com)
  • This procedure results in a lower molecular weight product and changes its optical properties, enabling stains to be removed from the tooth surface. (healthnews.com)
  • Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of filter-collected particles indicates the formation of high molecular weight products. (chemistryviews.org)
  • Varying molecular weight allows for a range of mechanical strength, while varying chlorine content allows for a range of heat and fire resistance. (lubrizol.com)
  • Even though this approach is conceptually applicable to non-volatile and high molecular weight organics as well, it is more challenging to predict the other PBPK model parameters required for modelling the kinetics of these chemicals (particularly tissue diffusion coefficients, association constants for binding and oral absorption rates). (cdc.gov)
  • For example, the molecular weight of sodium is 23, so 1 mole of sodium equals 23 grams. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Elements can be made of one atom, like He, or be elemental molecules, such as hydrogen (H 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), chlorine (Cl 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), and sulfur (S 8 ). (hawaii.edu)
  • Direct contact with liquid chlorine or concentrated vapor causes severe chemical burns, leading to cell death and ulceration. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on the frequency of occurrence of molecular fragments (CH3, CH2, CH, C, C¼C, H, benzene ring and H in benzene ring structure) and exposure conditions, the available QSAR-PBPK models facilitate the simulation of tissue and blood concentrations for some inhaled volatile organic chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • however, chronic exposure to chlorine causes adaptation of the sense of smell (olfactory fatigue) and tolerance to its irritant effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Because of this, persons with a history of prolonged exposure lose the ability to identify when they are being exposed to chlorine. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhalation is the main route of chlorine gas exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlorine is a gas at room temperature, making ingestion an unlikely route of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Reaction vessels containing only the virus and buffer without chlorine served as controls for determination of virus titers in the absence of chlorine and were assayed at the end of the longest exposure time period (60 s). (cdc.gov)
  • The optimal chlorine exposure was the lowest that could be reliably delivered, and it is recommended that further studies reduce the Cl2 concentration by an order of magnitude or more. (dissertation.com)
  • Ingestion is unlikely to occur because chlorine is a gas at room temperature. (cdc.gov)
  • they create a molecular structure that is exceptionally stable under extreme pH and temperature conditions. (deepdownwellness.com)
  • Molecular Cl2 diluted in N2/O2 mixtures was exposed to as-deposited FTO/CdS/CdTe stacks in a custom-built quartz tube furnace, enabling independent control of Cl2/Ar flowrate (1 - 5 sccm), temperature (375 - 420 ºC), oxygen concentration (0 - 25 %), and treatment time (0 - 10 min). (dissertation.com)
  • The original method, described in the journal Angewandte Chemie, eliminates the need for chlorine, which is usually required for such reactions and poses health risks to workers handling the chemicals. (thefutureofthings.com)
  • The chlorine market is experiencing moderate growth, especially in Asia-Pacific and North America, due to the increased demand of chlorine in isocyanates and chemical sectors. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Regional level segmentation is done for chlorine that include North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Rest of the World (which include South America and Africa) and further for key countries in each region that include the U.S., China, India, Japan, Germany, France, Russia. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Water: Chlorine can be used to contaminate water. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemical industry is also expected to present opportunities, supported by favorable growth in water treatment industry, the overall chlorine market remains attractive for coming years. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Molecular diagnostics now enables detecting viruses in clinical and environmental specimens, linking of NLV strains causing outbreaks in multiple geographic locations, and tracing them to their sources in contaminated food or water. (cdc.gov)
  • The OPCW has documented systematic use of the banned nerve agent sarin and chlorine in Syria's civil war, now nearing its eighth year. (cbc.ca)
  • Immanuel Hango, a Civil Engineer by profession and through Namibia Chemicals, developed a solution to produce chlorine by electrolyse salt using 100% solar energy as a means to fight cholera in an environmentally friendly manner. (who.int)
  • Molecular structure-based prediction of the temporal change in the concentration of environmental chemicals or their metabolites in blood and organs of exposed organisms is a challenge. (cdc.gov)
  • The more electrons that a compound can either donate / receive has enormous implications on its ability to perform at a molecular level. (mmshealthy4life.com)
  • Chlorine was likely used in a chemical attack in Syria's Douma last April, the OPCW said. (rt.com)
  • Using hydrogen peroxide as a tooth whitening agent will interact with organic chromophores in the tooth structure, so it can convert molecular chains into simpler units. (healthnews.com)
  • The report covers qualitative aspect of chlorine and detailed volume (kilotons) and value ($Million) forecasts of Chlorine along with its application and region. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • For its 3M Molecular Detection System, 3M also has AOAC International First Action Official Methods of Analysis status for its 3M Molecular Detection Assay Salmonella and both AOAC PTM and NF Validation by AFNOR Certification for its 3M Molecular Detection Assay Salmonella and 3M Molecular Detection Assay E.coli O157 (including H7), in addition to certifications from government and regulatory organizations in other countries around the world. (food-safety.com)
  • His work includes understanding biodegradation of environmental pollutants and the use of molecular methods to understand microbial community structure and function. (asm.org)
  • Despite general acceptance that the outer lipid envelope associated with influenza viruses would make them susceptible to chlorination, no published reports specifically address the effect of chlorine on the H5N1 subtype of avian influenza. (cdc.gov)
  • Given the ubiquitous existence of chloride, nitrate, and acidic aerosols, we propose that nitrate photolysis is a significant daytime chlorine source globally. (nature.com)
  • Tiedje is the former editor-in-chief of 3 ASM journals ( Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Molecular Biology Reviews and mBio) and was the director of the Center for Microbial Ecology for 30 years. (asm.org)
  • Unlike other filtrating pitchers, this one removes bio-contaminants at the molecular level-that means no bacteria, mold or viruses, thanks to the PureVis™ UV-C purification. (coolhunting.com)
  • By inserting molecular spacers between the layers in a graphite anode, researchers have created sufficient space for sodium ions. (materialstoday.com)
  • The major markets for chlorine in include countries like China, India, South-East Asian and South American countries, and the U.S. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Enjoy unlimited access to C&EN digital content, the mobile app, and receive C&EN magazine every week. (acs.org)
  • Despite extensive research on molecular chlorine (Cl 2 ), a Cl precursor, in the polar atmosphere, its sources in other regions are still poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • Weaponizing chlorine is prohibited under the Chemical Weapons Convention, ratified by Syria in 2013, and is prohibited under customary international humanitarian law. (cbc.ca)
  • This study aims at estimating the global market of chlorine for 2014 and to project the expected demand of the same by 2019. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Resins can be created at varying molecular weights and chlorine contents which can vary its properties. (lubrizol.com)
  • Molecular structure of chlorous acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular structure of chloric acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular structure of perchloric acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its chlorine structure provides natural flame retardancy for safety, without the need for hazardous additives, allowing it to be used more freely in electrical applications. (lubrizol.com)
  • Drug Resistance and Population Structure of Plasmodium falciparum Across the Democratic Republic of Congo using high-throughput Molecular Inversion Probes. (cdc.gov)
  • The cysts are double-walled and very hardy, resistant to most environmental extremes and toxins, including chlorine. (aao.org)