• Adenosine generation is a rheostat of DNA damage-induced immune signaling in the tumor microenvironment. (lifeboat.com)
  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major cellular component of tumor microenvironment in most solid cancers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Immunotherapeutic regulation of the tumor microenvironment in prostate cancer patients is not understood. (escholarship.org)
  • Although there is ample evidence that the chemotherapeutic drugs trigger an immune response, the efficient tumor rejection or regression is not guaranteed probably due to the massive immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
  • This work represents a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy by integrating nanotechnology and platinum-based therapeutics which not only efficiently exerts the chemotherapeutic cytotoxic effect on tumor cell but also restores immune response of immunological cells within the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
  • First, the stimulatory or death signals are released from apoptotic tumor cells into the tumor microenvironment. (thno.org)
  • During the early phase of tumor development, immune cells could spontaneously infiltrate into the tumor microenvironment to evoke an immune response and fight against the growth of the tumor. (thno.org)
  • Modern anti-cancer strategies should be designed to selectively target CSCs and modulate the hypoxic and acidic tumor microenvironment, and, to this end, natural bioactive components seem to play a role. (uneatlantico.es)
  • This review aims to discuss the effects elicited by plant-derived bioactive nutrients in the regulation of CSC self-renewal, cancer metabolism and tumor microenvironment. (uneatlantico.es)
  • English Breast cancer metastasis is a complex process that depends not only on intrinsic characteristics of metastatic stem cells, but also on the particular microenvironment that supports their growth and modulates the plasticity of the system. (unifr.ch)
  • These therapies have only achieved limited success, with a major issue being the low (acidic) pH of the tumour microenvironment (TME), which is highly detrimental to immune cells, including T-cells, rendering them less effective. (wesparkhealth.com)
  • Humans also harbor gut commensal microbiota that can influence local and body-wide inflammation as well as modify the tumor microenvironment, which consists of cells, signaling molecules and mechanisms that may support tumor growth and also cause drug resistance. (nih.gov)
  • Published 15 August 2016 In this study, we provide new insight into how cancer cells adapt to stress factors present within the tumor microenvironment through increased uptake of lipoproteins. (lu.se)
  • Published 14 June 2019 See here how lipid loading may be involved in the paracrine crosstalk between cancer cells and stromal compartment of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. (lu.se)
  • Is maximum primary tumor diameter still a prognostic factor in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated using intensity-modulated radiotherapy? (biomedcentral.com)
  • These cells support tumour growth and recurrence and are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. (nih.gov)
  • Even if the tumour has been removed, radiotherapy can be recommended to keep hidden cells from growing. (brainstrust.org.uk)
  • There is a suggestion that, several years after radiotherapy treatment, another brain tumour could develop because of this treatment. (brainstrust.org.uk)
  • Planning, delivery, and quality assurance of intensity-modulated radiotherapy using dynamic multileaf collimator: a strategy for large-scale implementation for the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate. (ijcto.org)
  • The Novalis Tx Linear Accelerator is among the machines dedicated to radiosurgery that allow stereotactic radiotherapy based on Dynamic Conformal Arc Therapy (DCAT) or Volumetric Modulated Arc Treatment (VMAT), which are the conventional methods for treating brain metastases. (oncologyradiotherapy.com)
  • In search for microenvironmental factors supporting cancer stem cell (CSC) growth and tumour progression to metastasis, we here investigated the role of the matricellular protein transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI) in breast cancer. (unifr.ch)
  • The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of amentoflavone on tumor progression in HCC. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Results: The results demonstrated that both amentoflavone and PD98059 not only significantly reduced cell viability, NF-κB activation, and cell invasion, but also inhibited the expression of tumor progression-associated proteins. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that amentoflavone down-regulates ERK-modulated tumor progression in HCC. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • These results suggest that when the animals have early stage of tumors in the intestines-which can occur in many young adult humans by chance and without notice-consuming even modest amounts of high-fructose corn syrup in liquid form can boost tumor growth and progression independently of obesity," Yun said. (medicalxpress.com)
  • We concluded that miR-381-3p and ANTXR1 were both important factors in modulating glioma progression. (hindawi.com)
  • Molecular features of these tumors have expanded our vision of tumorigenesis and progression and provided abundant specifically targeted pathways [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • As an important member of the miRNA family, miR-381-3p also mediates tumor progression. (hindawi.com)
  • Nonetheless, there is no research showing that miR-381-3p can modulate glioma progression. (hindawi.com)
  • To analyze tumors at comparable stages of progression, lymphoma, colon, and melanoma cancers that could be transplanted were selected, based on their susceptibility to therapeutic drugs. (nih.gov)
  • Both PON2 and PON3 are upregulated in cancer, favoring tumor progression through mitochondrial protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • AIM: Use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the longitudinal changes in normal-appearing brain tissue in glioblastoma patients undergoing modern arc-based RT with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or helical tomotherapy. (lu.se)
  • Pterostilbene treatment suppressed glioma stem cell development via negatively modulating GRP78 signaling. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Glioma is the most frequent primary central nerve tumor, which originates from glial progenitor cells [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In a glioma mouse model, CD44 was restricted to hypoxic and perivascular tumor regions, and in human glioma, a hypoxia signature correlated with CD44. (lu.se)
  • Our data indicate that the stem cell marker CD44 modulates the hypoxic response of glioma cells and that the pseudo-hypoxic phenotype of stem-like glioma cells is achieved by stabilization of HIF-2α through interaction with CD44, independently of oxygen. (lu.se)
  • Brain Tumor Imaging and Treatment Effects. (lu.se)
  • Primary brain tumor initiating cell lines from IDH-wild type GBM stably expressing H2B-Dendra2 were implanted orthotopically in the brains of SCID mice. (nature.com)
  • Published 6 September 2018 We organized the 2018 Lund-Uppsala brain tumor meeting in Arild, bringing together basic and clinical research groups from both universities. (lu.se)
  • Tumor-promoting functions of macrophages include angiogenesis, metastasis formation, and suppression of Th1-type immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • provided the first demonstration that maximum primary tumor diameter (MPTD) was an important prognostic factor for 5-year overall survival (OS), failure-free survival (FFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and local relapse-free survival (LRFS) in NPC [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our results show that lack of TGFBI resulted in tumour vessel normalisation, with improved vessel perfusion and decreased hypoxia, a major factor controlling CSCs and metastasis. (unifr.ch)
  • Liver cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a malignant tumor that has high rates of metastasis and mortality worldwide. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Tumor resection, local ablation or liver transplantation can be used for the early treatment of liver cancer, while there is no effective treatment for advanced liver cancer due to liver metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Retraction notice to 'MicroRNA-138 modulates metastasis and EMT in breast cancer cells by targeting vimentin' [Biomed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Immunotherapy requires both overcoming the mechanisms by which cancer cells circumvent immune surveillance as well as re-sensitizing the tumour to inflammation, for example, training the immune system to recognize cancer-related antigens and making 'invisible' cells visible to the immune system. (wesparkhealth.com)
  • This resulted in a lower production of cytokines (proteins secreted by lymph cells that affects cellular activity and controls inflammation) as well as lower tumor death therefore demonstrating that optimal responses to cancer therapy required an intact commensal microbiota. (nih.gov)
  • In next steps, Goldszmid and Trinchieri will work in mice to fully characterize the molecular signaling by which the bacteria in the gut can actually send messages to distant organs or tumors and change the type and level of inflammation present in those organs. (nih.gov)
  • All three PONs modulate oxidative stress and inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, virtually all cancer types are characterized by the presence of cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations, residing in specific hypoxic and acidic microenvironments, or niches, and these cells are currently considered responsible for tumor resistance to therapy and tumor relapse. (uneatlantico.es)
  • Published 20 April 2016 Hypoxia modulates global membrane proteome turnover in cancer cells, providing opportunities for tumor specific drug delivery. (lu.se)
  • CAS number 254964-60-8), which currently is in a phase II-clinical trial in patients against metastatic prostate cancer, exhibits anti-tumor activity via inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in human and rodent tumors. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has represented a technical milestone that has facilitated the clinical implementation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of maximum primary tumor diameter (MPTD) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated using IMRT. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The introduction of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the late 20th century represented a milestone in RT techniques. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IMRT enables the tumor to receive higher dose of radiation, provides a more conformal dose distribution than two-dimensional RT (2-DRT) and significantly reduces the dose to surrounding normal anatomical structures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To evaluate the agreement between measured and calculated doses for head and neck tumors using different gamma criteria and to establish quality assurance protocol for the delivery of IMRT in The National Cancer Institute in Cairo. (ijcto.org)
  • ICRU Report 83, Prescribing, Recording, and Reporting Photon-Beam Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). (ijcto.org)
  • In this project, they have set out to gain a more complete understanding of the mechanism through which the gut microbiome may modulate immune responses -focusing on systemic as well as anti-tumor immune responses. (aacr.org)
  • In an independent co-submitted study that will appear in the same issue of Science, Laurence Zitvogel, M.D., Ph.D., Gustave Roussy Institute, Paris, and colleagues showed that a different type of chemotherapy drug, cyclophosphamide, altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota and damaged the intestinal wall, thereby affecting optimal anti-tumor immune response and the therapeutic effectiveness of cyclophosphamide. (nih.gov)
  • We performed RNAseq on wt and ko tumours, and analysed the tumour vasculature and the immune compartment by IHC and FACS. (unifr.ch)
  • They have been performing mechanistic studies in samples from patients with metastatic melanoma on immunotherapy and are carrying out studies to better understand the optimal means to modulate the microbiome in order to enhance therapeutic responses. (aacr.org)
  • Through the successful modulation of the TME by controlling pH, this has the potential to restore the proper functions of the immune response at tumour sites while decreasing its metastatic potential and sensitizing the tumour to available therapies. (wesparkhealth.com)
  • Requests for reprints: Sofia K. Gruvberger-Saal, Institute for Cancer Genetics, tumors in the adjuvant or metastatic setting. (lu.se)
  • Using intra-exosomal metabolomics, we provide compelling evidence that CDEs contain intact metabolites, including amino acids, lipids, and TCA-cycle intermediates that are avidly utilized by cancer cells for central carbon metabolism and promoting tumor growth under nutrient deprivation or nutrient stressed conditions. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally, the innate immunity or adaptive immunity is stimulated leading to regulation and inhibition of tumor growth. (thno.org)
  • Wpep-DGL/Pt showed potent antitumor efficacy in MDA-MB-231 cells tumor-bearing nude mice with a deficient immune system, demonstrating targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and the resultant cytotoxicity. (thno.org)
  • When nude mice bearing CWR-22RH human prostate tumors were treated with oral tasquinimod, there was a profound growth inhibition, associated with an up-regulation of TSP1 and a down- regulation of HIF-1 alpha protein, androgen receptor protein (AR) and glucose transporter-1 protein within the tumor tissue. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • C: Tumor either Stage IA or Stage IB, but with tumor on the surface of one or both ovaries, or with capsule ruptured, or with ascites containing malignant cells or with positive peritoneal washings. (medscape.com)
  • A worldwide database analysis revealed that younger age, smaller tumor size, early stage, and granulosa cell tumor histologic type appear to be independent prognostic factors for improved survival in patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors who undergo lymph node dissection. (medscape.com)
  • Incubation of tumor cells with T cell-derived IFNγ and TNFα recapitulated the chemokine profile observed in vivo , confirming the capacity of antitumor CD8 T cells to mediate macrophage infiltration of tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We sought to determine whether neoadjuvant anti-CD20 immunotherapy with rituximab could reduce CD20+ B cell infiltration of prostate tumors in patients. (escholarship.org)
  • Two types of border configurations contributed to tumor cell spreading through distinct invasion patterns: an invasive margin that executes slow but directed invasion, and a diffuse infiltration margin with fast but less directed movement. (nature.com)
  • Reports of spontaneous regression and tumour infiltration with T-lymphocytes makes melanoma candidate for immunotherapies. (mdpi.com)
  • These changes of the intratumoral myeloid composition coincided with macrophage recruitment by chemokines, including CCL2 and CCL5, and were completely dependent on a vaccine-induced influx of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We showed previously that high-risk PCa patients have a higher density of tumor infiltrating B-cells in prostatectomy specimens. (escholarship.org)
  • Rituximab treatment reduced tumor infiltrating B and T-cell density especially in TLSs, thus, demonstrating inter-dependence between B- and T-cells in prostate cancer and that Rituximab can modify the immune environment in prostate tumors. (escholarship.org)
  • Furthermore, in immunocompetent mice bearing 4T1 cells tumors, Wpep-DGL/Pt activated immune cells and induced cell death proving their dual function of chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory efficacy. (thno.org)
  • For example, antibodies specific to tumor antigens, adoptively transferred immune cells, therapeutic vaccines, and recombinant cytokines effectively boost the host immune system to recognize tumor cells as pathogens and eliminate them [ 1 - 3 ]. (thno.org)
  • Then these signals are engulfed as antigens and presented by antigen-presenting cells within the tumor-derived lymph nodes. (thno.org)
  • MET, through activation of the AMPK pathway, produces a dose-dependent increase in tumor glucose uptake while decreasing cell proliferation in human and murine colon cancer cells. (precisionimaging.center)
  • While clusters of tumour cells were consistently found in the brain of control mice, they were virtually absent in a large proportion of mice treated with LY341495. (nih.gov)
  • Not only tumor borders but also the tumor core was composed of highly dynamic cells, with no clear correlation to the ability to spread into the brain. (nature.com)
  • Lynch ME , Chiou AE, Lee MJ, Polamraju P, Marcott SC, Lee Y, Fischbach C. "3D mechanical loading modulates the osteogenic response of mesenchymal stem cells to tumor-derived soluble signals. (lynchlab.org)
  • NK cells are involved in killing tumor cells and other cells that may lack MHC I on their surface, indicating a non-self cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radiation therapy kills brain tumour cells with high-energy x-rays, gamma rays, or protons. (brainstrust.org.uk)
  • The radiation kills brain tumour cells that may remain in the area, following surgery. (brainstrust.org.uk)
  • Diseased tissue cannot repair like this, so eventually the tumour cells die as they cannot reproduce effectively. (brainstrust.org.uk)
  • Tumour cells may still show up but they may have lost the power to divide. (brainstrust.org.uk)
  • To further explore the mode of action of tasquinimod, in vitro and in vivo experiments with gene microarray analysis were performed using LNCaP prostate tumor cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The up-regulation of TSP1 mRNA in LNCaP tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo correlated with an increased expression and extra cellular secretion of TSP1 protein. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • An antioxidant-rich extract of seaweed polyphenols combined with current PC treatment modalities may inhibit tumor relapse by targeting therapy-orchestrated autophagy in residual cells. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Sex cord-stromal tumors are groups of tumors composed of granulosa cells, theca cells, Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and fibroblasts of stromal origin, singly or in various combinations. (medscape.com)
  • Promoter region motif analysis indicated that ETV5 has more binding motifs and genes than USF1 itself for USF1‑regulated DEGs, indicating that USF1 may indirectly modulate gene expression by regulating ETV5 expression in Huh7 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Without it, normal intestinal cells neither stop growing nor die, forming early stage tumors called polyps. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Cancer cells from these tumors were then injected under the skin of the mice, where they formed tumors that grew to reach a diameter of one-fifth of an inch or more. (nih.gov)
  • ExperimentalDesign: We investigated ERh by immunohistochemistry in 353 stage II primary breast tumors from patients treated with 2 years adjuvant tamoxifen, and generated gene expres- sion profiles for a representative subset of 88 tumors. (lu.se)
  • Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumors: Experience from a single institute. (physiciansweekly.com)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, with a median survival time of about 14.6 months despite maximal therapy 1 . (nature.com)
  • Anjum MN1, Parker W, Ruo R, Afzal M. Evaluation criteria for film based intensity modulated radiation therapy quality assurance. (ijcto.org)
  • Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. (ijcto.org)
  • I use advanced radiation techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image-guided radiation therapy, and stereotactic body radiation therapy, to precisely target cancers while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. (mskcc.org)
  • Germ-free mice, or mice that received the antibiotic cocktail, responded poorly to drug therapy for their tumors. (nih.gov)
  • They also plan to characterize, in humans, the role of gut bacteria on the bodies' inflammatory response and tumor response to therapy. (nih.gov)
  • External-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is recommended in patients with stage I poorly differentiated tumors and deeply invasive lesions and in all patients with stage II-IV disease. (medscape.com)
  • Combination radiation therapy with brachytherapy and EBRT is usually employed to deliver a combined dose of 70-80 Gy to the primary tumor volume. (medscape.com)
  • Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy allows doctors to deliver a precise beam of radiation that can be shaped to the contours of the tumor. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intensity-modulated radiation therapy uses many devices to shape the radiation beam and deliver a dose of radiation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Neoadjuvant rituximab modulates the tumor immune environment in patients with high risk prostate cancer. (escholarship.org)
  • With a better understanding of molecular details in tumor immunology and tumor biology, tailored cancer immunotherapy is considered as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. (thno.org)
  • Cancer immunotherapy approaches designed to surmount tumor suppression take into consideration the pivotal molecular processes involved in the activation of immune system. (thno.org)
  • ackground/Aim: A previous study indicated that amentoflavone inhibits tumor growth of breast cancer. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Liver cancer is one of the tumors with the highest mortality rate worldwide. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In humans, it usually takes 20 to 30 years for colorectal cancer to grow from early stage benign tumors to aggressive cancers. (medicalxpress.com)
  • NCI scientists found that tumors of germ-free mice (mice completely lacking these microorganisms), or mice treated with antibiotics to deplete the gut of bacteria, were largely impaired in their ability to respond to immunotherapy that slows cancer growth and prolongs survival. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1 ] sex cord-stromal tumors are classified into the following categories. (medscape.com)
  • Sex cord-stromal tumors account for approximately 8% of all ovarian tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Although various markers have been reported to stain sex cord-stromal tumors (eg, CD99, CD56, A103, müllerian inhibiting factor, vimentin), inhibin and calretinin have proven to be the most helpful to date. (medscape.com)
  • CD56 is a sensitive marker of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors and may also be useful in the diagnosis of this group of neoplasms, especially in cases that are inhibin or calretinin negative, and the differential diagnosis includes neoplasms that are CD56 negative. (medscape.com)
  • Activation of these receptors sustained the undifferentiated state of GICs in culture by negatively modulating the action of bone morphogenetic proteins, which physiologically signal through the phosphorylation of the transcription factors, Smads. (nih.gov)
  • 4) Lactoferrin slows or prevents tumor growth. (naturalnews.com)
  • It modulates cell growth. (naturalnews.com)
  • show that Glu and Fru are directly absorbed by intestinal tumors, and daily dosing of SSBs accelerates tumor growth. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Both of these metabolic changes promote the conversion of Glu to the building blocks needed for tumor growth. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Their study, published in Science , showed that consuming a daily modest amount of high-fructose corn syrup-the equivalent of people drinking about 12 ounces of a sugar-sweetened beverage daily-accelerates the growth of intestinal tumors in mouse models of the disease, independently of obesity. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The team then investigated the mechanism by which this sugar promoted tumor growth. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Strikingly, complete regressions of large established tumors depended on the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that were induced by this immunotherapy, because a small-molecule drug inhibitor targeting CSF-1R diminished the number of intratumoral macrophages and abrogated the complete remissions. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The tumors were then treated with an immunotherapy that included CpG-oligonucleotides, which stimulated the immune system, or with the chemotherapy drugs oxaliplatin and cisplatin, which attacked the tumors. (nih.gov)
  • Neoadjuvant rituximab was well-tolerated and decreased B-cell and T-cell density within high-risk PCa tumors compared to controls. (escholarship.org)
  • Using high-resolution time-lapse intravital imaging, tumor cell migration in the tumor core, border and invasive front was recorded. (nature.com)
  • Tumor cell dynamics at different border configurations were analyzed and multivariate linear modelling of tumor cell spreading was performed. (nature.com)
  • By discussing the EMF modulating effects on cell functions, we envisage the use of EMF as a therapeutic agent to regulate immune responses associated with wound healing. (frontiersin.org)
  • Noteworthy, in recent years the possibility to use EMF exposure to modulate immune cell responses has been proposed and debated ( 6 - 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, PR China. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additional EBRT is suggested for poorly differentiated or infiltrating tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In vivo 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT PET images were acquired before and 24 h after MET treatment of HT29 tumor-bearing mice. (precisionimaging.center)
  • 0.05) in HT29 tumor-bearing mice. (precisionimaging.center)
  • After two months, the APC-model mice receiving sugary water did not become obese, but developed tumors that were larger and of higher-grade than those in model mice treated with regular water. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The mice received these antibiotics in their drinking water, starting three weeks prior to tumor inoculation. (nih.gov)
  • Students We have thesis projects for Masters students in tumor biology. (lu.se)
  • The amount of overall dose and amount to be given each day will depend on the tumour type. (brainstrust.org.uk)
  • As a result, SRS is becoming the most widely used technique to achieve good local control of the tumour by reducing the dose to the brain tissue [ 4 ]. (oncologyradiotherapy.com)
  • An additional 20- to 30-Gy dose is delivered to the tumor bed. (medscape.com)
  • Our studies are focused on but not limited to primary brain tumors, which integrates well with the PI's clinical proficiency as a consultant Neuro-oncologist. (lu.se)
  • The location of disease, the size of the lesion, and the clinical stage of the tumor should help guide treatment planning. (medscape.com)
  • used prior to receiving radiation to ensure you're in the best position to effectively target your tumor. (upmc.com)
  • Because so many devices shape the radiation beam, doctors can more precisely control the amount of radiation delivered to specific areas of the tumor, allowing more protection for nearby healthy tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This machine can obtain very detailed images of the person's tumor, allowing very precise targeting of the radiation beam. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Stereotactic radiosurgery is used to give very high doses of radiation to very small tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We also use advanced imaging prior to and during treatment to precisely target your tumor and help to spare healthy tissue. (upmc.com)