AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth Care
Transcription, GeneticMolecular Sequence DataBase SequencePromoter Regions, GeneticDNA-Binding ProteinsTranscription FactorsGene Expression RegulationCell LineMutationBinding SitesPlasmidsAmino Acid SequenceProtein BindingReplication Protein ARNA, MessengerDNADNA, ViralNuclear ProteinsTranscriptional ActivationViral ProteinsHeLa CellsHistonesRNA, ViralChromatinEscherichia coliTransfectionDNA Replication TimingProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalRepressor ProteinsGenes, ReporterCell NucleusGene Expression Regulation, BacterialBacterial ProteinsCells, CulturedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTrans-ActivatorsRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidCloning, MolecularDNA HelicasesGene Expression Regulation, ViralChromatin ImmunoprecipitationSp1 Transcription FactorRepliconGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicDNA PrimersSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsElectrophoretic Mobility Shift AssayCell Cycle ProteinsS PhaseReplication Protein CModels, GeneticGenome, ViralSignal TransductionTranscription Initiation SiteNucleic Acid ConformationAcetylationResponse ElementsLuciferasesCell CycleKineticsHIV-1Cell Line, TumorModels, BiologicalDNA, BacterialMethylationGene Expression Regulation, FungalProtein Structure, TertiaryMutagenesis, Site-DirectedRecombinant Fusion ProteinsSequence DeletionGene Expression ProfilingDNA DamageReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionEnhancer Elements, GeneticGene Expression Regulation, Developmental5' Flanking RegionGene DeletionTumor Cells, CulturedRestriction MappingSequence AlignmentMutagenesisRecombination, GeneticPhosphorylationTime FactorsDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseSequence Analysis, DNASequence Homology, Amino AcidDNA RepairRecombinant ProteinsEpigenesis, GeneticOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisDNA, Single-StrandedLysineDNA, FungalViral Nonstructural ProteinsChromosomes, BacterialPhenotypeBlotting, WesternSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidConserved Sequence
ProteinsViralEpigenetic regulationProcessesMethylationMRNAMechanismsCellularGenomePathwaysMiRNAMetabolismPost-translationalRecombinationProteinOrganizationRegulatesSynthesisVirusesInducesHistone tailsMechanism of actForkInfectionMammalianChromatin accessibilityMoleculesPharmacologicalAltersRegulatoryDynamicsExpressionEukaryoticSpatiallyAntibodiesRole in the regulationCellsProminentHypersensitivityExaminationCell
Proteins11
  • Context-specific target functional groups include proteins involved in transport, transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial function, chromatin modification and signal transduction processes known to be required for viral replication and dissemination. (unicamp.br)
  • In other words, molecular biology is an interdisciplinary approach to understanding biological functions and regulation at the level of molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates. (agroacademics.com)
  • Degradations of proteins to amino acids and regulation. (unizg.hr)
  • Here we outline the current status of the viral evasion mechanism underlying the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on how post-transcriptional modifications, viral proteins, and non-coding RNAs involve innate immunity during viral infection, attempting to inspire new targets discovery and uncover potential clinical antiviral treatments. (frontiersin.org)
  • The models of most immune evasion during innate immune responses are conserved, including altering the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) of vital proteins to inactivate or degrade these components, eluding DNA sensing from PRRs, decreasing cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) cellular abundance, and modifying metabolism approach in host cells ( Eaglesham and Kranzusch, 2020 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Post-translational modifications of histone proteins play a pivotal role in DNA packaging and regulation of genome functions. (sdbonline.org)
  • Illness is generally manifested as a consequence of virus-induced physiological modifications and direct interaction between virus and host proteins. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • Moreover, the geminivirus AC2, AC3 or AC4 ncoded proteins have been implicated as a pathogenicity aspect that assists in infection [24,31,32] and AC3 has been shown to influence transcriptional activation of a NAC transcription aspect [32]. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • This proposal tests the paradigm-shifting hypothesis that mitochondrial-derived proteins (MPDs) play a previously unappreciated role in the regulation of cellular and organismal function, and that disregulation of MDPs is important in disease development. (nih.gov)
  • Our effort is now to identify how ROS regulate the capacity of cells to mount an antiviral defense through redox post-tranlational modifications of key antiviral proteins. (nathaliegrandvauxlab.com)
  • likely involving the transcriptional activation of pro-apoptotic genes and their interaction with other proteins. (molcells.org)
Viral7
  • Viral regulation of B7 family inhibitory molecules in epithelial cells leads to suppression or termination of immune responses [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A time-of-addition assay indicated that the inhibitory effect of VER-82576 on TGEV infection mainly occurred at the early stage of viral replication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herein, we have summarized newly emerging hot spots of cGAS-STING regulation in viral evasion and summarized frontier advances in relevance processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • After entering the cell, the replication of the viral RNA genome is influenced by circadian regulated lipid genesis pathways. (nature.com)
  • Could the circadian transcriptional feedback loop directly regulate the transcription of viral DNA? (nature.com)
  • But reading this paper I discovered evidence for their regulation of viral infections - wow! (nature.com)
  • In distinct, the geminivirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) has been shown to interact having a NAC domain protein within a yeast two-hybrid program, exactly where over MAO-A Inhibitor drug expression with the NAC transcription issue causes enhanced viral replication [43]. (cathepsin-s.com)
Epigenetic regulation6
  • Recent data show that these extrinsic environmental factors synergize with intrinsic age-related changes to influence epigenetic regulation of gene expression, ultimately contributing to the visible-and invisible-signs of skin aging (Chevalier 2019). (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Subsequent sections focus on the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and its relevance to skin aging. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • This review will address epigenetic regulation in members of the polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, human papillomaviruses, hepatitis B, and herpes viruses. (mdpi.com)
  • For each type of virus, what is known about the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and regulatory RNA in epigenetic regulation of the virus infection will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • The mechanisms used by certain viruses to dysregulate the host cell through manipulation of epigenetic processes and the role of cellular cofactors such as BRD4 that are known to be involved in epigenetic regulation of host cell pathways will also be covered. (mdpi.com)
  • For that reason, it is really most likely that differential HDAC activ ities are involved with regulation of various designs of persistent soreness or that diverse designs of persistent soreness may be subjected to distinct epigenetic regulation. (mirnaarray.com)
Processes6
  • Background: The 3-dimensional (3D) conformation of chromatin inside the nucleus is integral to a variety of nuclear processes including transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and DNA damage repair. (mendeley.com)
  • These complexes have important biological roles in replication of RNA viruses, cellular transcription and translation, post-transcriptional and post- translational modification and also regulation of these processes. (mdpi.com)
  • We are interested the recent advances in the area of structural organization, mechanisms of function, assembly and transport RNPs, and also regulation of processes involving ones. (mdpi.com)
  • In higher eukaryotes, the nuclear genome is compartmentalized into distinct chromatin territories to facilitate the regulation of complex processes such as DNA repair, transcription and replication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Geminiviruses have been implicated in quite a few host-responsive processes which include transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, control on the cell cycle, cell proliferation and differentiation, and macromolecular trafficking in whole plants [31,41,42]. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • In addition, using invitro methylation assay we identified 4 new substrates for PRMT6, extending the involvement of this enzyme to other cellular processes beyond its well-established role in gene expression regulation. (embl.de)
Methylation6
  • Its heterochromatin targeting is proposed to involve a combinatorial readout of histone H3 modifications (specifically methylation states of H3K9 and H3K4) and association with CBX5. (arigobio.com)
  • DNA methylation alters glucocorticoid receptor expression through modifications of chromatin structure. (deepdyve.com)
  • A total of 7 possible genetic alterations and epigenetic changes in CAFs are discussed, including gene differential expression, karyotype analysis, gene copy number variation, loss of heterozygosis, allelic imbalance, microsatellite instability, post‑transcriptional control and DNA methylation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Epigenetic alterations, represented by post-transcriptional control and DNA methylation, have been the focus of recent studies. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, although the post-translational regulation of p53 by methylation, acetylation, or phosphorylation has been well studied, the function of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) of p53 is not fully understood. (molcells.org)
  • Genetic Regulation of DNA Methylation Yields Novel Discoveries in GWAS of Colorectal Cancer. (who.int)
MRNA1
  • Various types of RNA, including those involved in protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA & rRNA) and those associated with gene regulation (e.g. (alsde.edu)
Mechanisms8
  • Molecular biology deals with the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. (agroacademics.com)
  • The book is concerned with molecular biology studies, macromolecules and the macromolecular mechanisms found in living things, such as the molecular nature of the gene and its mechanisms of gene replication, regulation, mutation, post transcriptional modifications and expression. (agroacademics.com)
  • this process often begins with mutations that inactivate normal cellular mechanisms for monitoring the fidelity of DNA replication, resulting in the rapid accumulation of mutations in genes involved in controlling the growth and death of cells. (ernolaszlo.com)
  • In conclusion, we mapped major epigenetic modifications controlling the structure of the sex chromosome-associated heterochromatin and demonstrated the occurrence of differences in the molecular mechanisms controlling the replication timing of the heterochromatic blocks at the sex chromosomes in female Microtus cabrerae cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The circadian clock can affect pathogen replication, but underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. (nature.com)
  • We aim to characterize the host mechanisms required for the replication of RSV and for the establishment of a efficient antiviral response. (nathaliegrandvauxlab.com)
  • 2nd, the inflammatory soreness induced by formalin differs from that induced by CFA in aspects of duration and beha vioral modifications, indicating various underlying mechanisms. (mirnaarray.com)
  • Below we discuss mechanisms in the form of pioneer transcription factors, histone modifications, and recently identified actin-dependent mechanisms that regulate chromosome accessibility and gene regulation during cellular reprogramming. (cytoskeleton.com)
Cellular2
  • Facilitates DNA replication in multiple cellular environments and is required for efficient replication of a subset of genomic loci. (arigobio.com)
  • Cellular apparatus for DNA replication. (unizg.hr)
Genome3
  • We identify thousands of regions across the genome where 3D chromatin conformation varies between individuals and find that this variation is often accompanied by variation in gene expression, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding. (mendeley.com)
  • Our data reveal that histone acetylation level affects DNA replication dynamics of the sex chromosomes' heterochromatin and leads to a global reduction in replication fork rate genome wide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hierarchical levels of genome architecture exert transcriptional control by tuning the accessibility and proximity of genes and regulatory elements. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways1
  • Our recent findings highlight the role of distinct non-canonical STAT2 and/or IRF9 pathways in the regulation of distinct sets of genes. (nathaliegrandvauxlab.com)
MiRNA1
  • LncRNA and miRNA both participate in the regulation of immune function. (hindawi.com)
Metabolism1
  • Role of redox metabolism in the regulation of the Interferon-mediated antiviral defense and proinflammatory response induced by viruses. (nathaliegrandvauxlab.com)
Post-translational1
  • Histone lysine acylation is a major class of histone post-translational modifications involved in essential biological activities, such as transcriptional regulation, DNA-damage, a repairnd cell-cycle progression. (news-medical.net)
Recombination1
  • 19.Replication and recombination. (unizg.hr)
Protein9
  • This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. (arigobio.com)
  • To accomplish this, the transcriptional unit is preceded by regulatory elements, such as promoters and enhancers, that modulate production of its protein encoding transcript ( Figure 1.2 ). (ernolaszlo.com)
  • Types of errors that can occur during replication and the impact these errors have on protein production and/or function. (alsde.edu)
  • Predict the impact of errors during DNA replication in terms of protein production and/or function. (alsde.edu)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the human ferritin gene by coordinated regulation of Nrf2 and protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and PRMT4. (embl.de)
  • PRMT6 is a protein arginine methyltransferase that has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis. (embl.de)
  • Chromatin target of Prmt1 (Chtop) is a vertebrate-specific chromatin-bound protein that plays an important role in transcriptional regulation. (embl.de)
  • Researchers used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate a nonstructural protein essential in SARS-CoV-2 replication. (news-medical.net)
Organization1
  • Elevated expression of H3/H4 in intestinal enterocytes in Drosophila alters chromatin organization, induces intestinal autophagy through transcriptional regulation, prevents age-related decline in the intestine. (sdbonline.org)
Regulates2
  • To test whether histone acetylation level regulates its replication dynamics, we induced either global hyperacetylation by pharmacological inhibition or by targeting a histone acetyltransferase to the heterochromatic region of the X chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After several years of hard work and with many great collaborators, we published our story last year in one of our favourite journals, Nature Communications, where we provided the first molecular basis for how the circadian pathway regulates hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. (nature.com)
Synthesis1
  • Breakdown and synthesis, regulation. (unizg.hr)
Viruses1
  • Viruses have optimized their evading tactics for superior replication and spreading to counteract host immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Induces1
  • We found that costimulation with IFNb and TNFa induces a broad antiviral and immunoregulatory transcriptional program in the absence of STAT1. (nathaliegrandvauxlab.com)
Histone tails2
  • On the maternal allele, required for the chromatin occupancy of SMC1 and CTCTF within the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and involved in esatblishment of histone tails modifications in the ICR. (arigobio.com)
  • Binding of sequence-specific transcription factors and associated chromatin-modifying enzymes can induce post-translational modification of histone tails and can facilitate nucleosome removal [ 3 - 5 ], which can turn functional sequences such as promoters and enhancers into active, nucleosome-depleted sites [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanism of act1
  • In this Journal Club, Edmund Loh explores the pioneering work of Kurt Nordström and colleagues, which uncovers the importance of a small RNA in plasmid replication and elucidates its mechanism of action. (nature.com)
Fork3
  • Using a sequential nucleoside analog incorporation assay, a high incidence of unidirectional replication fork movement is detected in testes-derived chromatin and DNA fibers. (sdbonline.org)
  • Biased fork movement coupled with a strand preference in histone incorporation would explain how asymmetric old and new H3 and H4 are established during replication. (sdbonline.org)
  • They can also cause base mispairing between strands, which interferes with the progression of the replication fork [3]. (savedelicious.com)
Infection1
  • Following virus infection, transcriptional reprogramming takes location at a worldwide level, both temporally and spatially within the plant leaves along with other organs, and based on the collective outcome, a resistance or susceptible response is initiated [19,33-35]. (cathepsin-s.com)
Mammalian1
  • Furthermore, we highlighted a conserved role of histone acetylation level on replication dynamics across mammalian species. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromatin accessibility1
  • Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. (kb.se)
Molecules1
  • Identify and describe the function of molecules required for replication and differentiate between replication on the leading and lagging DNA strands. (alsde.edu)
Pharmacological1
  • Pharmacological reversal of the effects on chromatin structure completely eliminates the effects of maternal care on glucocorticoid receptor expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress, thus suggesting a causal relation between the maternally induced, epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and the effects on stress responses in the offspring. (deepdyve.com)
Alters1
Regulatory1
Dynamics1
  • The DNA composition and transcriptional activity of these heterochromatin blocks have been studied, but little is known about their DNA replication dynamics and epigenetic composition. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression3
  • To also target low expressed essential genes, we included some variant steps that were expected to overcome the non-stringent regulation of the promoter carried by the expression vector used for the shotgun antisense libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA-seq analysis of embryos indicate that in Hat1 mutants over 2000 genes are dysregulated and the observed transcriptional changes imply a delay in the developmental program of gene expression (Varga, 2019). (sdbonline.org)
  • Based on our work showing redox regulation of the antiviral response, we studied the potential of manipulated IKKe expression in breast cancer cells to decrease their proliferation. (nathaliegrandvauxlab.com)
Eukaryotic1
Spatially1
  • The DNA replication process is highly regulated both spatially and temporally, resulting in the changing pattern of replication structures throughout S-phase. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibodies1
  • A recent study published in Frontiers in Medicine described anti-post-translational modification (PTM) antibodies in patients with autoimmune-mediated and cholestatic liver diseases (AILD). (news-medical.net)
Role in the regulation1
  • In our study, we found that IFN-γ plays an important role in the regulation of Pasteurella multocida toxin-associated pneumonia. (bvsalud.org)
Cells3
  • These results suggest a role for DNA replication in patterning epigenetic information in asymmetrically dividing cells in multicellular organisms. (sdbonline.org)
  • After a virus has successfully entered and completed replication in initial cells, it spreads through plasmodesmata by way of the leaf tissue or other tissues, and colonizes distal tissues within the plant, top to a susceptible interaction, with illness because the final outcome [36,37]. (cathepsin-s.com)
  • Clustering of IFNβ+TNFα-induced genes according to their regulation by STAT2 and IRF9 in STAT1-defiicent cells. (nathaliegrandvauxlab.com)
Prominent1
  • Amongst the angiogenic aspects, VEGF and HIF1 stand out as prominent transcriptional targets for Stat3, and a necessity for Stat3 is proposed for func tionality of HIF1. (mirnaarray.com)
Hypersensitivity2
  • A few of these genes associated with modification of nociceptive hypersensitivity could be sub deletion on the more bonuses HDAC5 gene, but not the HDAC9 gene, success inside a hypersensitive response to continual cocaine reward or pressure in mice. (mirnaarray.com)
  • Closed chromatin" in this context is defined by a lack DNase hypersensitivity and indeterminate histone modification pattern. (cytoskeleton.com)
Examination1
  • A student will get a maximum of two attempts for clearing the qualifying examination (Ref clause 8.05-8.11 of academic regulation). (bits-pilani.ac.in)
Cell1
  • Chromatin looping is important for gene regulation, and studies of 3D chromatin structure across species and cell types have improved our understanding of the principles governing chromatin looping. (nature.com)