Acute PainPainPain MeasurementPain ManagementPain, PostoperativeAnalgesics, OpioidPain ClinicsPain ThresholdChronic PainAnalgesicsAnalgesiaPain, IntractablePain PerceptionHyperalgesiaAnesthesia Department, HospitalMorphineFacial PainLow Back PainBack PainAcute DiseaseNeuralgiaAbdominal PainNeck PainAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticAnalgesia, Patient-ControlledNociceptorsPelvic PainUnited States Department of DefenseNarcotic AntagonistsPain, ReferredChronic DiseaseNaloxoneRecovery RoomToothacheInjections, SpinalAcupunctureShoulder PainAnesthetics, LocalMusculoskeletal PainAnalgesia, EpiduralBuprenorphineCyclohexanecarboxylic AcidsNarcoticsOpioid-Related DisordersHot TemperatureKetoprofenAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalTreatment OutcomeDiclofenacKetorolacNociceptive PainKetamineFormaldehydeCryingAcetaminophenDouble-Blind MethodOxycodoneSpinal CordBehavior, AnimalGanglia, SpinalLidocaineSkin Physiological PhenomenaCapsaicinOpioid PeptidesFentanylQuestionnairesTranscutaneous Electric Nerve StimulationRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, OpioidPeripheral Nervous System DiseasesAnesthesiologyEnkephalin, MethionineAnesthetics, DissociativeTime FactorsDose-Response Relationship, DrugHerpes ZosterDexmedetomidineSeverity of Illness IndexProspective StudiesNerve BlockPosterior Horn CellsAminesAnemia, Sickle CellCarrageenanInfant BehaviorEnkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-Physical StimulationCold TemperatureInflammationDisease Models, AnimalHydromorphoneReceptors, Opioid, kappaMyofascial Pain SyndromesAnalysis of VarianceComplex Regional Pain SyndromesTRPV Cation ChannelsEndorphinsVisceral PainEnkephalinsEmergency Service, Hospital