• Moderate drinkers (14 to 21 drinks/week): 3.4-fold risk of hippocampal atrophy compared to abstainers. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Moderate drinkers (14 to 21 drinks/week): 17% over 30 years. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Previous research has indicated that moderate drinkers enjoy a longer life expectancy than those who abstain from alcohol, but the study authors stated that these conclusions were based on flawed analysis. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • In particular, they noted that the previous studies failed to control for factors that predisposed the light to moderate drinkers to better health than non-drinkers, including dental hygiene, exercise, diet, weight, and income. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • The researchers analyzed the 107 studies and adjusted for those factors, among others, after which they concluded that there was no reduction in mortality among the low to moderate drinkers. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • Before adjustment, the research found that men who drink at least 1.3g but less than 25g of alcohol a day enjoyed a 16% reduction in risk of mortality compared to non-drinkers. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • The study recommended that further research should exclude former and occasional drinkers in order to get a clearer picture of the relative risk of drinking alcohol compared to never drinking alcohol. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • Whether iron accumulation occurs in moderate drinkers is unknown. (bvsalud.org)
  • Weekly alcohol consumption was 17.7 ± 15.9 units and never drinkers comprised 2.7% of the sample. (bvsalud.org)
  • Study authors saw a positive dose-response relationship driven by hemorrhagic stroke in young adults who were moderate-to-heavy drinkers in their 20s and 30s. (patientcareonline.com)
  • First, there was little change in reported alcohol prior to and following the MI: drinkers tended to remain drinkers of similar amounts. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • Among women, moderate drinkers had small reductions in heart function. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When former drinkers are allotted into the same category as lifetime abstainers and compared to current moderate drinkers, one can see how moderate drinkers may appear healthier. (narconon.org)
  • Mar. 25, 2021 Supersized alcopops are ready-to-drink flavored alcoholic beverages that have up to five times the alcohol content of beer and appear to be marketed toward young drinkers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • According to one hypothesis, the hypertensive effect of alcohol is from a chronic state of alcohol withdrawal in frequent, heavy drinkers, but there is much evidence in favor of a direct effect of alcohol on BP. (medscape.com)
  • could instead focus on having fun without an excessive alcohol intake. (medindia.net)
  • There is an impressive reduction of 30% to 40% of diabetes with moderate alcohol intake. (nethealthbook.com)
  • These recommendations concerning maximum intake are distinct from any legal restrictions, for example countries with drunk driving laws or countries that have prohibited alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • The weekly limits are lower than the daily limits, meaning intake on a particular day may be higher than one-seventh of the weekly amount, but consumption on other days of the week should be lower. (wikipedia.org)
  • Observational associations between brain iron markers and alcohol consumption (n = 20,729 UK Biobank participants) were compared with associations with genetically predicted alcohol intake and alcohol use disorder from 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR). Alcohol intake was self -reported via a touchscreen questionnaire at baseline (2006 to 2010). (bvsalud.org)
  • The alcohol intake of the subjects had been recorded prior to, and at intervals following, the MI. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • The associations of alcohol consumption with mortality were almost the same for alcohol intake reported prior to the MI as that reported after the MI: for 10-29.9 g/day, the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality was 0.70 for both. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • The overall results show that, in comparison with no alcohol consumption, the intake of light (0.1-9.9 g/day) and moderate (10.0-29.9 g/d) amounts of alcohol was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular morality. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • The repeated assessments of alcohol intake permitted adjustments for changes in alcohol intake over time. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • Moderate to heavy alcohol intake later in life may be associated with subtle changes in the structure and efficiency of the heart. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Women appear more susceptible than men to the cardiotoxic effects of alcohol, which might potentially contribute to a higher risk of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, for any given level of alcohol intake," said Scott Solomon, M.D., senior author of the study and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and director of noninvasive cardiology at Brigham and Women's in Boston. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In spite of potential benefits of low alcohol intake, our findings highlight the possible hazards to cardiac structure and function by increased amounts of alcohol consumption in the elderly, particularly among women. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The American Heart Association guidelines and 2010 U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting alcohol intake to up to one drink a day for women and up to two for men. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Alcohol consumption is often reported to influence bone health in a dose-dependent manner where moderate alcohol intake is deemed beneficial and heavy drinking detrimental. (springer.com)
  • Fung TT, Mukamal KJ, Rimm EB, Meyer HE, Willett WC, Feskanich D. Alcohol intake, specific alcoholic beverages, and risk of hip fractures in postmenopausal women and men age 50 and older. (springer.com)
  • The news isn't all good: Moderate drinking seems to increase the risk of colon and breast cancer, although women may be able to reduce the breast cancer risk some by increasing their intake of folate. (baltimoresun.com)
  • If you're one of them, or you want to cut back on your alcohol intake for any reason, the NIAAA has an interactive website, based on a booklet called "Rethinking Drinking," that's well worth checking out (rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov). (baltimoresun.com)
  • Sustained intake accompanied by high blood alcohol levels, however, results in short-term elevation of BP. (medscape.com)
  • [ 30 ] In addition, BP levels usually correlate best with alcohol intake within the prior 24 hours, and fall within hours to days after cessation or reduction in intake. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers from the University of Oxford and University College London monitored the alcohol intake and cognitive performance of 550 men and women in the UK for over 30 years, from 1985 to 2015. (thejournal.ie)
  • In both instances, researchers failed to adequately adjust for socioeconomic status, which is known to be associated with both alcohol intake and preference, as well as independently with the incidence of diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • The lay media further polarizes any harm-benefit analyses about alcohol intake by highlighting news stories that cater to their prime audiences' preconceived notions and habits. (medscape.com)
  • Such statements and campaigns might seem untrustworthy, as adolescents actually perceive increased cheerfulness when drinking alcohol up to certain amounts. (medindia.net)
  • Oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and breast cancer in women have all been linked to consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol. (nethealthbook.com)
  • But it seems that even smaller amounts of alcohol damage your hippocampus where memory and sex drive are located. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Alcohol passes to the baby in small amounts in breast milk. (wikipedia.org)
  • others advise to limit alcohol to occasional use in small amounts not exceeding the recommended maximums for non-breastfeeding woman as this is known to cause harm, and that daily or binge drinking be avoided. (wikipedia.org)
  • People in their 20s and 30s who consumed moderate-to-heavy amounts of alcohol weekly were found more likely to have a stroke i n their early adult years than those who did not drink or who drank only low amounts, according to an analysis of a Korean national health database comprised of more than 1.5 million people. (patientcareonline.com)
  • Hospital emergency staff may use a blood alcohol test to check for this life-threatening condition that can happen if blood alcohol level gets very high after drinking large amounts of alcohol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It may be that adults who are in good health engage in more social activities and enjoy moderate amounts of alcohol, but that the alcohol has nothing to do with making them healthier. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The lines are drawn there not because alcohol-related problems suddenly kick in, but because research shows that when people drink in those amounts, the likelihood of having an alcohol-related problem increases (the NIAAA also uses the term "at-risk" drinking). (baltimoresun.com)
  • In addition to the chronic diseases that may develop in those who drink large amounts of alcohol over a number of years, alcohol use is also associated with an increased risk of acute health conditions, such as injuries, including from traffic accidents, mental disorders, depression or memory loss. (who.int)
  • The American Heart Association recommends that those who do not already consume alcoholic beverages should not start doing so because of the negative long-term effects of alcohol consumption. (wikipedia.org)
  • Australia: Total abstinence advised Hong Kong: "Avoid alcohol and alcoholic drinks. (wikipedia.org)
  • You will have alcohol in your blood if you've been drinking alcoholic beverages. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When you have an alcoholic drink, the alcohol is quickly absorbed into your bloodstream. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A. If the client is habitually using large quantities of alcohol there is a real possibility that they are an alcoholic, in which case reduction is unlikely to be effective. (hypnoticworld.com)
  • While one is alcoholic, the binge drinker (who may go months between binges) is 'abusing alcohol' but not really an alcoholic. (hypnoticworld.com)
  • Alcoholic drinks refer to any drinks containing ethyl alcohol, a form of alcohol created through fermentation or distilling. (enterpriseappstoday.com)
  • The production and consumption of alcoholic beverages underwent significant changes during the Industrial Age in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (enterpriseappstoday.com)
  • Access, salience, and impulsive drinking behaviors are addressed with regulations including alcohol outlet density limits, constraints on retail displays of alcoholic beverages, and restrictions on drink "specials. (cdc.gov)
  • Effective policy interventions to control consumption of alcohol, another substance that, if consumed in excess, can lead to serious health consequences, focus on limiting access to alcoholic beverages by restricting where, when, and by whom they can be purchased and consumed. (cdc.gov)
  • Eliasen noted that the lack of a decrease in cheerfulness at higher BACs among boys may be explained by a higher tolerance to alcohol among boys, compared to the girls, as the boys drank alcohol and binge drank more frequently, and generally had higher weekly alcohol consumption than the girls. (medindia.net)
  • Based on participants' self-report of alcohol consumption at the exams, the investigators calculated a cumulative alcohol burden score for each by assigning a score of 1 for each year weekly alcohol consumption was reported at ≥105 g. (patientcareonline.com)
  • Burden scores ranged from 0 (no years at that level of alcohol consumption) to 4 (4 years with weekly alcohol consumption at ≥105 g. (patientcareonline.com)
  • The study correlated weekly alcohol consumption among 4,466 people -- average age 76 -- to the size, structure and motion of various parts of the heart. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In Ireland, the weekly alcohol consumption guidelines are up to 11 standard drinks in a week for women and up to 17 standard drinks in a week for men. (thejournal.ie)
  • As National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Director, I regularly get appeals from people desperate to help loved ones find treatment. (nih.gov)
  • The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) is the lead Federal agency for research on alcohol and health and the largest funder of alcohol research in the world. (nih.gov)
  • [9] Alcoholism reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years [10] and excessive alcohol use is the third leading cause of early death in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
  • : 433 Wine continued to play a major role in medicine until the late 19th and early 20th century, when changing opinions and medical research on alcohol and alcoholism cast doubt on its role as part of a healthy lifestyle. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, about 23% of the U.S. population over 18 drinks alcohol to excess at least once per month. (narconon.org)
  • Alcoholism is the primary cause of chronic inflammation: between 70% and 80% of cases can be traced to excessive, habitual alcohol consumption. (diagnose-me.com)
  • When alcoholism is the cause of the inflammation, complete abstinence from alcohol is required. (diagnose-me.com)
  • The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) definition is often used. (baltimoresun.com)
  • A NIAAA survey showed that only about 2 percent of the people who stay within the daily and weekly limits have an alcohol abuse or alcoholism problem. (baltimoresun.com)
  • This may be due to the fact that adults who are able to continue consuming alcohol into old age are healthier, and therefore have higher cognition and larger regional brain volumes, than people who had to decrease their alcohol consumption due to unfavourable health outcomes. (zmescience.com)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that alcohol misuse costs the United States $249 billion per year due to health care expenses, lost workplace productivity, crime, property damage, and other adverse outcomes. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to review systematically the evidence on studies of the effect of low to moderate levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy (up to 70 grams of alcohol per week) compared to abstinence on speech and language outcomes in children. (ucc.ie)
  • Researchers recently sought to determine if the old claim made by several studies that moderate drinking can help improve health outcomes was legitimate. (narconon.org)
  • Those who drank a significant volume of alcohol and who did so often had significantly higher incidences of harmful health outcomes. (narconon.org)
  • The four trials that directly compared acamprosate with oral naltrexone did not consistently establish superiority of either medication for alcohol use outcomes, and among off-label drugs, only topiramate had moderate strength of evidence for benefit. (medscape.com)
  • Outcomes were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Social Connectedness Scale, Social Identity Scale and measures of paid employment and study (hours), and participation in sports and other clubs. (scirp.org)
  • An excessive use of alcohol is associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. (who.int)
  • The vision of this strategy is to improve the health and social outcomes of individuals, families and communities, considerably reducing disease and death due to harmful use of alcohol and their ensuing social consequences. (who.int)
  • Eliasen said findings have several implications: "First, public-health campaigns as well as parental and clinician comments that neglect aspects of cheerfulness associated with alcohol may contradict adolescents' positive experiences. (medindia.net)
  • Second, our findings of increased focus distraction at high BACs stress the importance of reducing excessive alcohol drinking, as increased focus distraction is strongly associated with higher risks of accidents. (medindia.net)
  • These findings do not really come as a surprise, as alcohol is a nerve poison! (nethealthbook.com)
  • The findings from this study provide new evidence that hippocampal volume may contribute to the observed differences in episodic memory among older adults and late life alcohol consumption status", authors write in the study. (zmescience.com)
  • The study authors note several study limitations, including only Korean participants, limiting the ability to generalize the findings beyond the study population, as well as the self-reported nature of alcohol consumption, creating the risk of recall bias. (patientcareonline.com)
  • These findings were consistent when restricted to pre- and post-MI alcohol assessments. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • As stated by the authors: "Our findings are consistent with the recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommended guidelines for long-term management of acute coronary syndromes that moderate alcohol consumption of 10-30 g per day in men should not be discouraged and may be beneficial for long-term prognosis after MI. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • Researchers at Karolinska Institutet present new findings about alcohol consumption reduced by training. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The three related papers, published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence , report findings from the randomized controlled trial, FitForChange. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Based on the NIAAA's findings, at least 29.5 million Americans meet the criteria for alcohol addiction. (narconon.org)
  • These discrepant findings suggest that factors beyond quantity of alcohol consumed contribute to the observed skeletal response. (springer.com)
  • In conjunction with psychosocial interventions, these findings support the use of oral naltrexone, 50 mg/d, and acamprosate as first-line pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder," the authors write. (medscape.com)
  • Most study participants had moderate to severe AUD, and the applicability of the findings to people with mild AUD is uncertain. (medscape.com)
  • In the paper, the authors state: "Our findings support the recent reduction in UK safe limits and call into question the current US guidelines, which suggest that up to 24.5 units a week is safe for men, as we found increased odds of hippocampal atrophy at just 14-21 units a week, and we found no support for a protective effect of light consumption on brain structure. (thejournal.ie)
  • Current and emerging scientific evidence does not suggest that there are overall health benefits from moderate drinking," said Robert Brewer, who directs the alcohol program at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and was not involved in the new research. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Nearly all research into the positive medical benefits of wine consumption makes a distinction between moderate consumption and heavy or binge drinking . (wikipedia.org)
  • While moderate alcohol use may offer some health benefits, heavy drinking - including binge drinking - has no health benefits. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The U.S. spends about $249 billion addressing the harm caused by alcohol-related incidences each year, most attributed to binge drinking. (narconon.org)
  • B. Another type of alcohol user who looks for reduction, is the binge drinker. (hypnoticworld.com)
  • If the binge drinking client is female, it's definitely worth asking if they have ever been bulimic, as this can hold many clues to their relationship with alcohol. (hypnoticworld.com)
  • Mar. 22, 2022 When a heavy alcohol drinker tries to take a night off, their body protests, with shaky hands, heart palpitations, anxiety and headaches. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Iceland: Advise that pregnant women abstain from alcohol during pregnancy because no safe consumption level exists. (wikipedia.org)
  • UK: Abstinence during pregnancy US: Total abstinence during pregnancy and while planning to become pregnant In short, all countries listed above now recommend that women abstain from alcohol consumption if they are pregnant or likely to become pregnant. (wikipedia.org)
  • France: Total abstinence Hong Kong: "Abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy is the safest choice. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, abstinence from alcohol consumption became increasingly prominent both within and outside of America. (enterpriseappstoday.com)
  • June 12, 2023 A new study offers an explanation for why light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may be associated with lower risk of heart disease. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Associations between moderate alcohol consumption, brain iron, and cognition in UK Biobank participants: Observational and mendelian randomization analyses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Quintile-based analyses found these associations in those consuming >7 units (56 g) alcohol weekly. (bvsalud.org)
  • In subgroup analyses, moderate alcohol consumption was inversely associated with mortality among men with non-anterior infarcts, and among men with mildly diminished left ventricular function. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • Moderate alcohol consumption does not significantly decrease overall mortality, the study found, but just two to three and a half drinks per day can put you at greater risk of death from all causes. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • Long-term alcohol consumption in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among survivors of myocardial infarction: the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • The aim of this study was to examine the association between long-term alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption before and after myocardial infarction (MI), and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among survivors of MI. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • Long-term moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among men who survived a first MI. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • While the authors state that the effects of alcohol were stronger for the association with non-anterior MIs, the HRs for all-cause mortality were little different: among the moderately drinking men the HRs were 0.58 for anterior MI and 0.51 for other types of MI when compared with abstainers. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • Alcohol use disorder affects more than 28.3 million people in the United States and is associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • It follows another, less-sweeping analysis of alcohol and mortality published in the Lancet in April. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The earlier one suggested that mortality rates begin to rise when people drink more than 100 grams of pure alcohol (roughly what's in seven standard American beers) a week. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Prospective study of moderate alcohol consumption and mortality in US male physicians. (bvsalud.org)
  • Previous literature thought that there was no risk for the light to moderate drinker. (okstate.edu)
  • Further analysis done by three different studies comprised of hundreds of more articles has since linked alcohol to cancer for the light drinker and quantified the risk associated with consumption. (okstate.edu)
  • On the other hand, if you're a light to moderate drinker and you're healthy, you can probably continue to drink alcohol as long as you do so responsibly. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Data from multiple countries indicate a close connection between the amount of alcohol consumed by the average drinker and the prevalence of heavy alcohol use in the population (5). (cdc.gov)
  • Harmful use of alcohol causes detrimental health and social consequences for the drinker, the people around the drinker and society at large. (who.int)
  • In the Nurses' Health Studies I and II, for example, researchers looked at the whole grain consumption of more than 160,000 women whose health and dietary habits were followed for up to 18 years. (harvard.edu)
  • The cost of alcohol misuse to society is enormous, and the public is hungry for information about alcohol and its effects on health. (nih.gov)
  • NIAAA's mission is to generate and disseminate fundamental knowledge about the effects of alcohol on health and well-being and apply that knowledge to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol-related problems, including alcohol use disorder, across the lifespan. (nih.gov)
  • NIAAA's mission is to generate and disseminate fundamental knowledge about the effects of alcohol on health and well-being, and apply that knowledge to improve the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol-related problems, including alcohol use disorder (AUD), across the lifespan. (nih.gov)
  • For nearly five decades, NIAAA has supported cutting-edge research to reduce the toll that alcohol misuse takes on human health and well-being. (nih.gov)
  • This strategic plan serves as a roadmap for optimizing the allocation of NIAAA's resources to areas of alcohol research most likely to benefit from additional support, translating scientific discoveries for the benefit of the public, and continuing to build on NIAAA's position as the nation's key source of evidence-based information on alcohol and health. (nih.gov)
  • The health effects of wine are mainly determined by its active ingredient - alcohol . (wikipedia.org)
  • However, research shows any health benefits tequila may provide derive from compounds in its raw ingredients, not from the alcohol itself. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • While it may not have health benefits, tequila may be a comparatively healthier choice than some other types of alcohol. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This article discusses myths about tequila's potential health benefits, health benefits associated with compounds in agave, tequila's healthy properties compared to other types of alcohol, and the potential health benefits and risks of alcohol consumption. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Moderate alcohol use has possible health benefits, but it's not risk-free. (mayoclinic.org)
  • In fact, the latest dietary guidelines make it clear that no one should begin drinking alcohol or drink more often on the basis of potential health benefits. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Here's a closer look at alcohol and your health. (mayoclinic.org)
  • In certain situations, the risks of alcohol may outweigh the possible health benefits. (mayoclinic.org)
  • If you don't drink alcohol, don't start because of potential health benefits. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Alcohol use is the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and disability-adjusted life years globally-this new study could help with improving global public health by broadening the array of effective non-stigmatizing treatments available for people with alcohol use disorder. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Most of those with alcohol use disorder (AUD) never seek or receive treatment despite negative consequences for mental and physical health . (medicalxpress.com)
  • To address this, we investigated the effects on alcohol consumption of aerobic exercise-which is recommended for general health -and yoga, an increasingly popular form of exercise which may be suitable for people with AUD," says Mats Hallgren, Project leader, Department of Global Public Health. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Research from the Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research at the University of Victoria in British Columbia has shown that several older studies claiming alcohol consumption may have had some health benefits were deeply flawed. (narconon.org)
  • Conversely, new data shows that even "moderate" drinking, when done over time, poses a serious risk to an individual's health and vitality. (narconon.org)
  • Study co-author Tim Stockwell wrote in the researchers' paper that the potential health benefits of "moderate" alcohol use vanish when inherent flaws and biases within the studies that suggested those benefits are exposed and examined. (narconon.org)
  • The idea that alcohol has health benefits has always been controversial and hotly debated, so Stockwell and his team sought to put the matter to rest once and for all by closely examining dozens of studies that made that claim. (narconon.org)
  • Not only is alcohol consumption harmful to Americans and a leading cause of death and overall health concern, but the societal burden of alcohol addiction in America affects all residents. (narconon.org)
  • We propose that the interplay between intrinsic factors (e.g., age, sex, skeletal site) and extrinsic factors (e.g., age of onset of drinking, duration of drinking, comorbidities) influence the precise impact of alcohol consumption on bone health. (springer.com)
  • To minimize health risks, the optimal amount of alcohol someone should consume is none. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The goal was to estimate how alcohol affects the risk of 23 health problems. (chicagotribune.com)
  • For people ages 15 to 49, alcohol is the leading risk factor for experiencing a negative health outcome. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The report challenges the controversial hypothesis that moderate drinking provides a clear health benefit. (chicagotribune.com)
  • But the new study, while noting the lower risks of heart disease from moderate drinking, as well as a dip in the diabetes rate in women, found that many other health risks offset and overwhelm the health benefits. (chicagotribune.com)
  • The National Institutes of Health had sponsored a massive clinical trial, largely underwritten by the alcohol industry through funding given to a nonprofit foundation, to test the moderate-drinking hypothesis. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Study after study has shown that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with good health. (baltimoresun.com)
  • When Harvard School of Public Health researchers analyzed preventable causes of death in the United States in 2009, they estimated that alcohol consumption was responsible for averting about 26,000 deaths each year from heart attack, strokes and diabetes, but that was outweighed by an estimated 90,000 deaths from liver disease, traffic accidents and other causes because of heavier consumption of alcohol. (baltimoresun.com)
  • Moderate consumption in these discussions of alcohol's health effects has come to mean two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women (the limit is higher for men because they are larger than women, on average, and metabolize alcohol differently). (baltimoresun.com)
  • It's the amount of alcohol consumption that seems to be most consistently correlated with health benefits. (baltimoresun.com)
  • But for the most part, the studies of alcohol and its health effects have been based on calculations of people's average daily consumption, not on their actual drinking patterns. (baltimoresun.com)
  • Yet there remain ongoing discussions regarding the health effects of drinking and how best to discourage excessive consumption - making alcohol use a contentious topic. (enterpriseappstoday.com)
  • Is There an Association between Social Connectedness, Social Identity, Alcohol Consumption and Mental Health among Young University Students? (scirp.org)
  • The high prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption and mental health problems among university students along with the potential for the university as a setting for health promotion prompted this study. (scirp.org)
  • The study aims to explore the association between levels of alcohol consumption, mental health, social connectedness and social identity among university students. (scirp.org)
  • In contrast, many regulations that do not assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance - like food - of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems. (cdc.gov)
  • According to the "Global report on alcohol and health 2014" alcohol consumption in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is low. (who.int)
  • In 2010, the Sixty-third session of the World Health Assembly adopted resolution WHA63.13 which endorsed a global strategy to confront the harmful use of alcohol. (who.int)
  • Although some clinical guidelines recommend public health interventions to reduce population-level consumption of alcohol , most diabetes and cardiology societies continue to perpetuate the age-old "drink with moderation" pseudo-endorsement. (medscape.com)
  • In an era when alcohol consumption recommendations seem dependent on a wide range of variables, I can't help but wonder whether guideline recommendations should be harmonized to focus on overall health effects of alcohol, rather than targeting available evidence on each organ system separately. (medscape.com)
  • Journal Reference: Downer B, Jiang Y, Zanjani F, Fardo D. Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Cognition and Regional Brain Volumes Among Older Adults . (zmescience.com)
  • it reduces stress and anxiety through neurophysiological effects, which could indirectly affect alcohol consumption by reducing cravings, improving cognition, and making behavior change more likely. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Alcohol consumption reduced approximately equally in all three groups, with the largest absolute reduction seen among yoga participants-6.9 standard drinks/week. (medicalxpress.com)
  • At the beginning of the study, participants smoked at least five cigarettes a day and were alcohol dependent. (sciencedaily.com)
  • All participants received intensive alcohol and smoking cessation treatment. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Up to a year and a half later, researchers surveyed the participants and asked about their alcohol and tobacco habits. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A standard drink (also called a unit) here has about 10 grams of pure alcohol in it. (thejournal.ie)
  • In the UK, a standard drink has about eight grams of pure alcohol. (thejournal.ie)
  • It is estimated to be almost 10 times lower than global consumption i.e. 0.7 litres of pure alcohol per capita per year compared to 6.2 litres. (who.int)
  • Aug. 13, 2019 Compared to people who only drank alcohol, those who used alcohol and marijuana simultaneously were more likely to drink heavier and more often, according to researchers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The following table lists the amount of alcohol consumed by Americans 18 years and older during 2006, according to sex, drinking status, level of consumption in the past year, and number of days in the past year with five or more drinks. (factmonster.com)
  • Moderate drinking is generally defined as two drinks a day (beer, wine or liquor) for men and one drink a day for women. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Moderate alcohol use for healthy adults generally means up to one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Low-level or moderate drinking is roughly defined between one drink per week and two drinks per day," said Stockwell when asked to comment on his team's research. (narconon.org)
  • Yet, hippocampal atrophy and decline of cognitive function and language fluidity are objective evidence that alcohol is a brain toxin. (nethealthbook.com)
  • There were no significant differences in cognitive functioning and regional brain volumes during late life according to reported midlife alcohol consumption status," said lead author Brian Downer. (zmescience.com)
  • Our objectives were to investigate evidence in support of causal relationships between alcohol consumption and brain iron levels and to examine whether higher brain iron represents a potential pathway to alcohol-related cognitive deficits. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alcohol might represent a modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment, and primary prevention interventions targeted to later life could be too late. (thejournal.ie)
  • Long-term average alcohol consumption was calculated beginning from the time period immediately before the first MI and updated every 4 years afterward. (alcoholresearchforum.org)
  • Brain iron deposition has been linked to several neurodegenerative conditions and reported in alcohol dependence . (bvsalud.org)
  • Alcohol dependence is associated with dysregulation of the dopaminergic (reward) system, and exercise is shown to adjust dopamine synthesis in ways that may reduce cravings for alcohol. (medicalxpress.com)
  • According to the NIAAA, about 1 in 4 American adults who drink more than the daily or the weekly limit has an alcohol abuse or dependence problem, and half of those who exceed both daily and weekly limits do. (baltimoresun.com)
  • While depression seems to lessen the chances of alcohol abstinence, the study did not find a similar association for tobacco dependence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The impact of depressive symptoms on alcohol and cigarette consumption following treatment for alcohol and nicotine dependence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Meningitis in excessive alcohol consumers acquired in the community. (nel.edu)
  • Etiology, risk factors, treatment and outcome of 21 cases of bacterial meningitis diagnosed in excessive alcohol consumers within 5 year. (nel.edu)
  • Jan. 10, 2019 Excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but what are the effects of moderate and mild consumption on AF? (sciencedaily.com)
  • In fact, the dangers of excessive alcohol use and its connection to increased CRC risk are not something that American researchers or doctors are unfamiliar with. (coloncancerfoundation.org)
  • In a recent study conducted in Korea, it was found that higher levels of alcohol consumption increase an individual's risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (early-onset CRC), specifically distal colon and rectal cancers. (coloncancerfoundation.org)
  • Overall, this study provides strong evidence that higher levels of alcohol consumption can increase one's risk of early-onset CRC. (coloncancerfoundation.org)
  • This work has significantly expanded our understanding of how alcohol affects the brain and body and has led to better interventions to prevent and treat alcohol misuse and related conditions. (nih.gov)
  • Alcohol misuse still claims the lives of 88,000 Americans each year, making it the fourth-leading preventable cause of death in the United States. (nih.gov)
  • Alcohol misuse refers to drinking in a manner, situation, amount, or frequency that could cause harm to individuals or those around them. (nih.gov)
  • The above-cited report shows that 140,000 Americans die from alcohol-related use each year, making alcohol misuse one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. Unfortunately, that number is increasing yearly, from 79,000 in 2019 to 99,000 in 2020 and from 99,000 in 2020 to a staggering 140,000 in 2021. (narconon.org)
  • Alcohol misuse also leads to emergencies that are not necessarily fatal but which are quite debilitating. (narconon.org)
  • These results suggest that epigenetic factors as well as genotype and maltreatment play a role in the development of alcohol misuse among young adult males. (nih.gov)
  • The number of people affected by noncommunicable diseases, or NCDs have dramatically increased in relation to unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco misuse which in turn is a result of changing social and cultural characteristics of our civilizations, and lifestyles. (who.int)
  • Harmful lifestyles on orthopedic implantation surgery: a descriptive review on alcohol and tobacco use. (springer.com)
  • PURPOSE OF STUDY: To estimate the prevalence of electronic cigarette use among teenagers and its connection with the consumption of tobacco. (who.int)
  • Although policy lessons from tobacco-use control may also be informative, the parallels between moderate alcohol and food consumption make alcohol a more relevant comparator. (cdc.gov)
  • Efforts put into improving education, community development, policy, legislation and regulations are as valid for the prevention of communicable diseases as they are for tackling the major risks for noncommunicable diseases (unhealthy diet, tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle and alcohol abuse) and for preventing injury, violence and mental illness. (who.int)
  • The primary risk factors accounting for the high disease burden for the world's population are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, alcohol, and tobacco use. (who.int)
  • Furthermore, according to WHO estimation, at least 80% of cases of coronary heart diseases, 90% of type 2 diabetes and about one third of cancers would be prevented by keeping healthy behavior such as being on healthy diet, reducing alcohol and tobacco use, maintaining normal weight and being physically active throughout the life span. (who.int)
  • Researchers know surprisingly little about the risks or benefits of moderate alcohol use in healthy adults. (mayoclinic.org)
  • But it's an open question whether the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption come from a pattern of drinking a small amount of alcohol on pretty much a daily basis, or whether drinking a bit more, but on three or four days of the week, might be just or nearly as healthful. (baltimoresun.com)
  • Now, this study has found not only that light consumption of alcohol is not detrimental, but that it can in fact help your brain. (zmescience.com)
  • However, this relationship may not be valid for individual alcohol consumers, as small quantities of alcohol can have detrimental skeletal effects and not all studies report clinically relevant bone loss with long-duration alcohol abuse. (springer.com)
  • Detrimental effects of alcohol on bone growth. (springer.com)
  • The 2023 Nordic Nutrition Recommendations state "Since no safe limit for alcohol consumption can be provided, the recommendation in NNR2023 is that everyone should avoid drinking alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cite this: Most Effective Meds for Alcohol Use Disorder Flagged - Medscape - Nov 13, 2023. (medscape.com)
  • Other studies have shown that alcohol is not harmless when it comes to the risk of developing cancer. (nethealthbook.com)
  • For example, a 2011 Texas research found that alcohol consumption helps some areas of our brain remember better, while a 2005 study showed that moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes. (zmescience.com)
  • Women who drank the same amount of alcohol had a 13% reduction in risk in the unadjusted data, while that benefit shrank to 1% after adjustment. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • As alcohol consumption rose, so did risk. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • Choi et al report that the risk for stroke rose in parallel with the number of years of moderate-to-heavy drinking in young adulthood. (patientcareonline.com)
  • Cumulative alcohol consumption bruden and risk of stroke in young adults: a nationwide population-based study. (patientcareonline.com)
  • This microreview takes a look at three articles based on cohort studies to review the science of alcohol as a cause for cancer from the past half-decade and determine the risk associated with drinking alcohol as a cause of cancer. (okstate.edu)
  • This analysis enhances the idea that increased consumption of alcohol leads to increased risk of cancer induced by alcohol but their mechanisms remain unclear. (okstate.edu)
  • Previous research has shown that light to moderate drinking may protect against some cardiovascular disease, while heavy drinking has been linked with a higher risk for cardiomyopathy -- in which the heart muscle becomes larger, thicker, more rigid, or is replaced by scar tissue. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Keep in mind that even moderate alcohol use isn't risk-free. (mayoclinic.org)
  • That's the amount of alcohol that many studies, if you look at them uncritically, suggest reduces your risk of dying prematurely. (narconon.org)
  • When being compared with the light drinking group, those in both the moderate and heavy drinking categories had a significantly higher CRC risk, though the most intense discrepancy was demonstrated among men. (coloncancerfoundation.org)
  • In an article published by the Ocean Endosurgery Center, less than half of Americans are even aware that alcohol consumption has an impact on cancer risk at all. (coloncancerfoundation.org)
  • The NIAAA uses the term "low-risk" drinking - not moderate drinking - for alcohol consumption below both the daily and weekly heavy-drinking limits. (baltimoresun.com)
  • Low risk is not no risk, and that amount of drinking can lead to alcohol-related problems. (baltimoresun.com)
  • The harmful use of alcohol is one of the world's leading risk factors for illness, disability and death. (who.int)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The first was a Danish study that looked at alcohol drinking patterns and diabetes risk , based on a 5-year follow-up of 76,000 individuals. (medscape.com)
  • The French study, like most previous observational studies on alcohol-related risk, suffers from multiple confounding issues and biases. (medscape.com)
  • It is not known whether there is a safe minimum amount of alcohol consumption, although low levels of drinking are not known to be harmful. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previously researchers thought that moderate drinking would be healthy for your heart. (nethealthbook.com)
  • The researchers also found that single sessions of aerobic exercise reduced cravings for alcohol, lowered anxiety, and improved mood states. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The researchers built a database of more than a thousand alcohol studies and data sources, as well as death and disability records from 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2016. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Some researchers pointed to red wine consumption among the French as potentially protective. (chicagotribune.com)
  • A New York Times report in March revealed that researchers had been in communication with representatives of the alcohol industry, and a subsequent NIH investigation concluded that the study design was flawed. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Researchers documented the quitting success of 462 people who tried to simultaneously give up alcohol and cigarettes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • MODERATE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION can damage a person's brain, researchers have claimed. (thejournal.ie)
  • Researchers can ask if those with variants that are linked to greater alcohol consumption have more heart disease and high blood pressure than those with variants linked to lower consumption. (cdc.gov)
  • I, personally, have lost several colleagues to alcohol use disorder and seen it wreak havoc in many families. (nih.gov)
  • And, sadly, alcohol use disorder is still viewed by many as a moral failing or character flaw, rather than a chronic brain disease from which people can, and do, recover. (nih.gov)
  • These tests are typically used to test for alcohol use disorder (AUD) or to check whether a person recovering from AUD has stayed sober. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Monitoring treatment for alcohol use disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Thus, more effective and non-stigmatizing treatments are needed for treating alcohol use disorder. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In conjunction with psychosocial interventions, oral naltrexone and acamprosate are both effective first-line drug therapies for alcohol use disorder (AUD), results of a systematic review and meta-analysis found. (medscape.com)
  • However, among the population consuming alcohol, hazardous patterns of drinking are noted with heavy episodic drinking - known to be more harmful than regular light-to-moderate drinking. (who.int)
  • Every year, the harmful use of alcohol kills 2.5 million people, including 320 000 young people between 15 and 29 years of age. (who.int)
  • The studies on the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on mental capacity in elderly and inflammatory markers in coronary heart disea. (nel.edu)
  • Comments on Medscape are moderated and should be professional in tone and on topic. (medscape.com)
  • Cite this: Alcohol Consumption and Hypertension - Medscape - May 01, 2001. (medscape.com)
  • A new study of the association between blood alcohol content (BAC) and the subjective effects of alcohol like cheerfulness, focus distraction, and sluggishness among students in a real-life setting of high-school parties, has found that cheerfulness increased up to a certain BAC value for girls, and then decreased at higher BACs, while it increased linearly for boys. (medindia.net)
  • A large body of research has shown that the majority of adolescents and young adults report [having] social and enhancement motives for drinking alcohol," said Marie Eliasen, a research assistant at the University of Southern Denmark as well as corresponding author for the study. (medindia.net)
  • So far the consensus was that moderate drinking (1 glass of wine or beer per day for women and 2 glasses of wine or beer per day for men) would be healthy for the heart and also for the brain.But the results of this study deviate from this statement. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Now, a new study suggests that low or moderate alcohol consumption is correlated with higher episodic memory and larger hippocampal brain volume. (zmescience.com)
  • Discussion This study shows that qualitative job insecurity is an important determinant of employee alcohol and drug use. (bmj.com)
  • The study noted that when people tend to say they drank less than they did, which means that self-reported alcohol consumption is generally underreported. (addictionpolicy.org)
  • But this new study indicates that limiting alcohol consumption can reduce your odds of developing long COVID. (yahoo.com)
  • Lead author Max Griswold of the University of Washington said this new report is the largest alcohol study conducted to date. (chicagotribune.com)
  • But Kodl said: "Our study suggests that treating depression may help people recover from alcohol use problems, although more research is needed on this topic. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study focused on 53 young adult males and aimed to determine whether MAOA methylation moderated the association of alcohol-related problems with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment, and whether alcohol consumption moderated the association of MAOA methylation with the interaction of MAOA-uVNTR and maltreatment. (nih.gov)
  • In the Danish cohort study, the authors tried to overcome a similar baseline bias by analyzing lifelong abstainers separately, but a misclassification related to change in alcohol habits during the 5-year follow-up still could have skewed the results. (medscape.com)
  • A drink is usually defined as a beverage that contains 14 grams of alcohol, so a 12-ounce bottle of beer that's 5 percent alcohol counts as a single drink, as does a 5-ounce glass of wine that's 12 percent alcohol, or 1.5 ounces of hard liquor that's 40 percent alcohol (80 proof). (baltimoresun.com)
  • Our standard method for helping reduce alcohol consumption is based on removal of all spirits (hard liquor), and spacing each glass of wine or beer with an equal quantity of water. (hypnoticworld.com)
  • There is little research evidence available about the effect that [alcohol in breast milk] has on the baby, although practitioners report that, even at relatively low levels of drinking, it may reduce the amount of milk available and cause irritability, poor feeding and sleep disturbance in the infant. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the speech and language effects of even low levels of alcohol use among offspring are unknown. (ucc.ie)
  • Women may be particularly vulnerable to negative cardiac effects of alcohol at moderate to higher levels of consumption. (sciencedaily.com)
  • [3] Moderate levels of consumption vary by the individual according to age , sex , genetics , weight and body stature , as well as situational conditions, such as food consumption or use of drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • [3] In general, women absorb alcohol more quickly than men due to their lower body water content, so their moderate levels of consumption may be lower than those for a male of equal age. (wikipedia.org)
  • As alcohol levels increase, you may have some problems thinking clearly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Based on the finding that alcohol alters the circulating levels of dozens of peptides shown to influence bone metabolism, we arrive at the conclusion that no single unifying mechanism adequately explains the diversity of reports or successfully predicts individuals most likely to be impacted favorably or unfavorably by alcohol consumption. (springer.com)
  • When all factors were considered: gender, living arrangements, being a domestic student, hours spent at work, participation in university and community sport, higher levels of psychological distress, higher levels of social connectedness, and lower levels of social identity were significant predictors of hazardous alcohol consumption. (scirp.org)
  • There was a variable effect of the alcohol on glucose levels in this trial, depending on the type of wine and the rate of metabolization in an individual patient, so when you take this into account too, these results are insufficient to endorse wine as a uniformly healthy option in people with diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • Also, recent data indicate that alcohol consumption is on the rise among adolescents and young adults in the Region. (who.int)
  • Almost all studies of lifestyle, including diet, exercise, caffeine, and alcohol, rely on patient recall and truthful reporting of one's habits over many years. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The studies show that aerobic exercise and yoga were equally effective in reducing alcohol consumption, compared to usual care. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Repeatedly replacing alcohol with a brief session of exercise may 're-wire' the brain to respond positively to the rewards associated with exercise, resulting in less craving. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Feeling anxious or sad increases the likelihood of alcohol use, so it's promising that exercise was shown to reduce these symptoms. (medicalxpress.com)
  • There are multiple mechanisms that could explain the benefits of exercise on alcohol consumption. (medicalxpress.com)
  • So, to sum it up, no one is saying "Don't drink alcohol at all" - it's just that if you want to drink, one or two glasses is more than enough. (zmescience.com)
  • This is a sobering report for the roughly 2 billion human beings who drink alcohol. (chicagotribune.com)
  • students are allowed to drink and buy alcohol regardless their age as these functions are regarded as private and thus the age limit for purchasing alcohol is not enforced. (medindia.net)
  • For alcohol, the correlation has supported the use of population-level approaches, such as taxation and outlet density control, to tackle problems related to alcohol use. (cdc.gov)
  • Israel: Women should avoid consuming alcohol before and during pregnancy The Netherlands: Abstinence New Zealand: "Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should avoid drinking alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
  • If they wish to move forward it should be to avoid alcohol, as they will never be able to control their drinking. (hypnoticworld.com)
  • New research has shown that there are brain changes even with moderate alcohol consumption. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Research shows that alcohol consumption increased during the early days of the pandemic. (yahoo.com)
  • For nearly 50 years, NIAAA has been at the forefront of cutting-edge alcohol research. (nih.gov)
  • At least since the 1960s and probably also before that, students have bought and drank alcohol at these parties," she said. (medindia.net)
  • On the other hand moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease. (nethealthbook.com)
  • Alcohol can have some medical advantages when consumed in moderation, however excessive drinking may lead to life-threatening conditions like liver failure, cardiovascular disease, and substance abuse. (enterpriseappstoday.com)
  • Recommendations for consumption of the drug alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) vary from recommendations to be alcohol-free to daily or weekly drinking "safe limits" or maximum intakes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alcohol is also called ethanol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although alcohol-related injuries and diseases are related to the total quantity of ethanol consumed in a given period, the relevance for some diet-related chronic diseases is not simply the total number of calories, but also the nutritional value provided in those calories. (cdc.gov)
  • that's understandable, because the evidence for moderate alcohol use in healthy adults isn't certain. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Numbers needed to treat (NNT) were calculated for medications with at least moderate strength of evidence for benefit. (medscape.com)
  • The evidence is strongest for protection against heart attack and stroke: There's an abundance of epidemiological data, as well as results showing that alcohol increases "good" HDL cholesterol and reduces factors in the blood, such as fibrinogen, that cause clotting and therefore make heart attacks and strokes more likely. (baltimoresun.com)
  • Evidence suggests that increased food consumption plays a larger role in the obesity epidemic than does decreased physical activity (3). (cdc.gov)
  • Of the people who were depressed, the majority suffered only mild to moderate mood problems. (sciencedaily.com)
  • 74% of these studies included psychosocial co-interventions, and the primary outcome was alcohol consumption. (medscape.com)
  • For many people, the possible benefits don't outweigh the risks and avoiding alcohol is the best course. (mayoclinic.org)
  • It estimates risks of alcohol-related diseases and disabilities per 100,000 people as a function of alcohol consumption. (chicagotribune.com)
  • Potential pathways to alcohol-related iron brain accumulation through elevated systemic iron stores ( liver ) were explored in causal mediation analysis . (bvsalud.org)
  • Your liver breaks down the alcohol so your body can get rid of it. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you drink faster than your liver can break down alcohol, the alcohol level in your blood will increase and you may start to feel intoxicated (drunk). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Is it ethical to randomly assign anyone to alcohol, given the overwhelming literature that alcohol causes liver disease and pancreatitis, and may account for an estimated 5.5% of all cancers worldwide annually? (medscape.com)
  • This being said, previous studies conducted on animals have also suggested that moderate alcohol consumption could promote generation of new nerve cells in the hippocampus. (zmescience.com)
  • Studies have shown that babies take around 20% less milk if there's alcohol present, so they'll need to feed more often - although infants have been known to go on 'nursing strike', probably because of the altered taste of the milk. (wikipedia.org)
  • He pointed out that alcohol studies have long been dogged by "confounders" - factors that create a misleading impression of cause and effect. (chicagotribune.com)
  • This delineation of moderate alcohol consumption comes principally from epidemiological studies. (baltimoresun.com)