Models of alzheimer s disease. Medical search. Frequent questions

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, which occurs both sporadically (the most common form of diagnosis) or due to familial passed mutations in genes associated with Alzheimer's pathology. (wikipedia.org)
These models often have genetic modifications that enable them to be more representative of human Alzheimer's disease and its associated pathology: extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). (wikipedia.org)
One century after its first description, pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)
Historical studies of Alzheimer pathology in people with DS were complicated by selection bias, often limited clinical information and without karyotypic confirmation of DS. (acnr.co.uk)
1 Alzheimer pathology is virtually ubiquitous in the DS population ≥30 years, but time to onset of clinical features is highly variable. (acnr.co.uk)
The observation that individuals with complete trisomy 21 (accounting for the vast majority of people with DS) developed early-onset Alzheimer pathology led to studies that localised the amyloid precursor protein (APP) on chromosome 21. (acnr.co.uk)
Animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis that recapitulate cerebral amyloid-beta pathology have been widely used in preclinical research and have greatly enabled the mechanistic understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the development of therapeutics. (uzh.ch)
This innovative model allowed the team to unveil a critical phenomenon: as Alzheimer's pathology accumulates in the brain, a specific subset of immune cells known as CT8+ T cells surges into the brain, intensifying the destructive impact of neuroinflammation. (immunopaedia.org.za)
Measuring weight change is convenient and low-cost to track, in contrast to screening for early disease pathology through blood tests, imaging scans, or cerebrospinal fluid tests. (wisc.edu)
We were really intrigued, because when we looked at the data and the time course of when weight was changing, we actually saw a stronger story of unintentional weight loss being linked to early Alzheimer's disease pathology in the brain," says Sigan Hartley , a UW-Madison professor of human development and family studies and senior author of the new study. (wisc.edu)
But Alzheimer's disease pathology may actually be connected to weight loss. (wisc.edu)
The scientists can only speculate the biological reasons for this relationship between unintentional weight loss and Alzheimer's disease pathology. (wisc.edu)
KIBRA, and a subset of other molecules directly interacting with it, were significantly altered in regions of the brain involved in Alzheimer's disease pathology. (sciencedaily.com)
We hypothesize that LOU/c/jall rats will be resilient to Alzheimer's disease pathology and will display lower cognitive impairment than Wistar rats, from which they genetically derive. (brightfocus.org)
Our project will help to gain a broad scientific understanding on the neuroplasticity processes underlying the cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease mimicking pathology, which is a core research theme still unmet in Alzheimer's disease. (brightfocus.org)
The completion of this project will afford a better understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms underlying the cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease pathology. (brightfocus.org)
Thus far many clinical studies have been conducted using various strategies to target amyloid beta based on the amyloid beta hypothesis, which proposes that amyloid beta pathology is the driving force behind Alzheimer's disease. (arizona.edu)
APOE4 aggravates amyloid pathology, increases microglial reactivity, and worsens cognition in animal models of AD [8, 9]. (lu.se)
APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer's disease pathology and brain diseases. (lu.se)

Here, we used a gene therapy approach to directly overexpress APPsα in the brain using AAV-mediated gene transfer and explored its potential to rescue structural, electrophysiological and behavioral deficits in APP/PS1∆E9 AD model mice. (springer.com)
Amyloid-related dendritic atrophy and membrane alterations of susceptible brain neurons in AD, and in animal models of AD are widely recognized. (frontiersin.org)
INTRODUCTION: Dysfunction of the cerebral vasculature is considered one of the key components of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms affecting individual brain vessels are poorly understood. (lu.se)
METHODS: Here, using in vivo two-photon microscopy in superficial cortical layers and ex vivo imaging across brain regions, we characterized blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and neurovascular coupling (NVC) at the level of individual brain vessels in adult female 5xFAD mice, an aggressive amyloid-β (Aβ) model of AD. (lu.se)
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disease affecting up to 5.3 million Americans and the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States. (addexpharma.com)
Research has shown that too much signaling by mGluR2 may negatively impact the survival of brain cells involved in memory, contributing to the cause of Alzheimer's disease. (addexpharma.com)
In the current study, we utilized Stokes and Mueller polarimetry techniques to screen for amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse brain tissue at different stages of Alzheimer's disease. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
We demonstrate the sensitivity of the last component of the Stokes vector, the degree of polarization and high-order statistical moments of depolarization to the structural alterations in brain tissue, which correspond to the disease progression. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the non-invasive visualization of the alterations in the brain of animal models and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. (uzh.ch)
In this review, we focus on recent positron emission tomography studies of cerebral amyloid-beta accumulation, hypoglucose metabolism, synaptic and neurotransmitter receptor deficits (cholinergic and glutamatergic system), blood-brain barrier impairment, and neuroinflammation (microgliosis and astrocytosis) in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. (uzh.ch)
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a crucial role of CERTL in regulating ceramide levels in the brain, in amyloid plaque formation and neuroinflammation, thereby opening research avenues for therapeutic targets of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. (eur.nl)
However, recent breakthroughs in molecular genetics have shown that the disease may spread, like an infection, across closely connected areas of the brain. (technologynetworks.com)
An international collaboration between Nathan Spreng, Cornell University assistant professor of human development and the Rebecca Q. and James C. Morgan Sesquicentennial Faculty Fellow in the College of Human Ecology, and Taylor Schmitz of the University of Cambridge's Cognitive Brain Sciences Unit, sheds light on the basal forebrain region, where the degeneration of neural tissue caused by Alzheimer's disease appears even before cognitive and behavioral symptoms of the disease emerge. (technologynetworks.com)
This pattern is consistent with other research showing that Alzheimer's indeed spreads across brain regions over time, but the study challenges a widely held belief that the disease originates in the temporal lobe. (technologynetworks.com)
Alzheimer's disease: early alterations in brain DNA methylation at ANK1, BIN1, RHBDF2 and other loci. (nature.com)
DNA methylation map of mouse and human brain identifies target genes in Alzheimer's disease. (nature.com)
In a recent study, researchers have engineered a sophisticated 3D human cellular model designed to replicate the complex interactions between brain cells and immune cells with a specific focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Figure 1). (immunopaedia.org.za)
In AD, cognitive decline is intricately tied to the loss of neurons, often due to an inappropriate immune response and heightened inflammation in the brain triggered by the presence of amyloid beta deposits and tau tangles, two characteristic hallmarks of the disease. (immunopaedia.org.za)
Beyond merely observing heightened T cell levels in AD brain models, the research team pinpointed a crucial pathway involving a chemokine (CXCL10) and its corresponding receptor (CXCR3) that plays a pivotal role in governing T cell infiltration. (immunopaedia.org.za)
AbstractTDP-43 inclusions are found in many Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients presenting faster disease progression and greater brain atrophy. (ox.ac.uk)
The question for us now is not how to eliminate cholesterol from the brain, but about how to control cholesterol's role in Alzheimer's disease through the regulation of its interaction with amyloid-beta. (cam.ac.uk)
The international team, led by the University of Cambridge, have found that in the brain, cholesterol acts as a catalyst which triggers the formation of the toxic clusters of the amyloid-beta protein, which is a central player in the development of Alzheimer's disease. (cam.ac.uk)
Other studies have also found an association between cholesterol and the condition, since some genes which process cholesterol in the brain have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanism behind this link is not known. (cam.ac.uk)
While the link between amyloid-beta and Alzheimer's disease is well-established, what has baffled researchers to date is how amyloid-beta starts to aggregate in the brain, as it is typically present at very low levels. (cam.ac.uk)
Since it is insoluble, while travelling towards its destination in lipid membranes, cholesterol is never left around by itself, either in the blood or the brain: it has to be carried around by certain dedicated proteins, such as ApoE, a mutation of which has already been identified as a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. (cam.ac.uk)
Although older age is the major risk factor for developing AD, the exact role of brain aging in disease pathogenesis remains elusive. (biologists.com)
As many as 90% of people with Down syndrome experience Alzheimer's symptoms by the time they are 65, but brain changes associated with the disease appear decades earlier. (wisc.edu)
This chromosome carries one of the genes responsible for regulating the production of amyloid beta, a short chain of amino acids that can accumulate in the brain and interfere with brain function, leading to the cognitive impairments seen in Alzheimer's disease. (wisc.edu)
At both points, they also completed a battery of cognitive tests and underwent a brain scan to measure levels of amyloid beta and tau, proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease. (wisc.edu)
A link has been announced between the brain protein KIBRA and Alzheimer's disease, a discovery that could lead to promising new treatments for this memory-robbing disorder. (sciencedaily.com)
The brain tissue samples were provided by three Alzheimer's disease centers: Washington University in St. Louis, Mo. (sciencedaily.com)
A little-known fact is that positive confirmation of Alzheimer's disease in humans can only occur through a brain autopsy after the person has died, greatly impeding research on the disease. (nocamels.com)
In the current study I verified a model of tau dysfunction induced in the whole brain (pan-neuronally) and investigated a novel model specific to the learning and memory area of the brain in Drosophila, the mushroom body. (edu.au)
The authors used precision functional imaging and computational modeling to uncover the structure of perceptual odor coding in the human brain. (nature.com)
Improving Brain Health for Populations Disproportionately Affected by Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. (cdc.gov)
An increasing number of studies have shown that numerous changes happen in the brain before plaque formation and that factors in the brain's immune system play a bigger role in driving the disease than previously believed. (lu.se)
Additionally, we and others have noticed that the immune cells and immune environment of the brain are altered in the pre-plaque phase of disease models. (lu.se)
After neurologic symptoms appeared, transmissibility of the disease by both inoculation routes was confirmed by detection of disease-associated prion protein in samples of brain tissue. (cdc.gov)
is brain dysfunction that is characterized by basal ganglia dopaminergic blockade and that is similar to Parkinson disease, but it is caused by something other than Parkinson disease (eg, drugs, cerebrovascular disease, trauma, postencephalitic changes). (msdmanuals.com)
Many Alzheimer's disease researchers focus solely on brain regions like the hippocampus. (lu.se)
When scanning through the literature and comparing with brain atlases, I realized that the signal was real and there were hints that it even occurred in patients with Alzheimer's disease, which further triggered my curiosity. (lu.se)

One major downfall of these models are that they can inadequately resemble mature neurons as well as being more expensive and difficult to maintain. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers have successfully modeled using both familial and sporadic patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and revealed stress phenotypes and differential drug responsiveness associated with intracellular amyloid beta oligomers in Alzheimer's disease neurons and astrocytes. (science20.com)
In this study spatial reconstructions and electrophysiological measurements of layer II/III pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex from wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG) human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) overexpressing Tg2576 mice were used to build faithful segmental cable models of these neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Local synaptic activities were simulated in various points of the dendritic arbors and properties of subthreshold dendritic impulse propagation and predictors of synaptic input pattern recognition ability were quantified and compared in modeled WT and TG neurons. (frontiersin.org)
Synaptic input pattern recognition ability was also predicted to be unaltered in TG neurons in two different soma-dendritic membrane models investigated. (frontiersin.org)
Our simulations predict the way how subthreshold dendritic signaling and pattern recognition are preserved in TG neurons: amyloid-related membrane alterations compensate for the pathological effects that dendritic atrophy has on subthreshold dendritic signal transfer and integration in layer II/III somatosensory neurons of this hAPP mouse model for AD. (frontiersin.org)
Early observations of the patterns of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease suggested a hierarchical vulnerability of neurons for tangles, and a widespread nonspecific pattern of plaques that nonetheless seemed to correlate with the terminal zone of tangle-bearing neurons in some instances. (unboundmedicine.com)
CERTL was overexpressed in neurons by adeno-associated virus (AAV) in a mouse model of familial AD (5xFAD). (eur.nl)
The basal forebrain contains very large and densely connected neurons that are particularly vulnerable to the disease. (technologynetworks.com)
a 3D human neuroimmune axis model using stem cell-derived neurons, ACs and microglia, together with peripheral immune cells in a microfluidic system (referred to as the PiChip system). (immunopaedia.org.za)
This pioneering model, known as the 3D human neuroimmune axis model, encompasses stem-cell derived neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and peripheral immune cells. (immunopaedia.org.za)
Using gene expression tools to find that KIBRA, and genes for other molecules that interact with KIBRA, were significantly altered in the neurons of people who had Alzheimer's disease, but not in individuals without the disorder. (sciencedaily.com)
The neurons are from flies know as fruit fly and the technique is being used to study Alzheimer's disease. (nocamels.com)
Megg Garcia-Ryde's thesis sheds light on the early pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease and the interplay between neurons and microglia as the disease evolves. (lu.se)
Experimental Alzheimer's disease research is often centered on amyloid-β plaques outside neurons and what's occurring around them. (lu.se)

Common symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease include: memory loss, confusion, and mood changes. (wikipedia.org)

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, beneficial microglial functions become impaired, accelerating synaptic and neuronal loss. (jci.org)
Here, we evaluated murine models that recapitulate microglial responses to Aβ peptides and determined that microglia-specific deletion of the gene encoding the PGE 2 receptor EP2 restores microglial chemotaxis and Aβ clearance, suppresses toxic inflammation, increases cytoprotective insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling, and prevents synaptic injury and memory deficits. (jci.org)
Barger SW, Harmon AD (1997) Microglial activation by Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and modulation by apolipoprotein E. Nature 388:878-881. (springer.com)

Optimal control theory is used to incorporate time-varying treatment controls and side-effects into the model, based on recent clinical trial data, to provide a personalized treatment regimen with anti-amyloid-beta therapy. (plos.org)
By accessing longitudinal biomarker data from the ADNI database, we validate our computational modeling approach to identify patient-specific disease trajectories and optimize individual treatments for two anti-amyloid-beta therapies, aducanumab and donanemab, in proof-of-principle clinical trial simulations. (plos.org)
On June 7, 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval for the first-ever disease-modifying therapy for AD, aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against amyloid-beta protein. (plos.org)
Using a transgenic mouse model of AD that overexpresses human amyloid-beta (a-beta), we will study the effects of a-beta accumulation on neocortical synaptic function and receptive field organization using in vivo intracellular recording and in vivo 2-photon laser-scanning microscopy (2PLSM). (alzheimer-europe.org)
We then went on to demonstrate significant reductions in amyloid beta (Aβ) levels after AAV-based delivery of VHH-B9 into the CNS of a mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis. (biorxiv.org)
In the case of Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid-beta molecules stick to the lipid cell membranes that contain cholesterol. (cam.ac.uk)
The fly is modified so that it expresses a peptide called Amyloid Beta, found in protein-based plaques of humans with Alzheimer's disease. (nocamels.com)
Amyloid-beta is a protein that aggregates into plaques and is a hallmark of the disease. (lu.se)

To further probe the role of SHANK3 in AD, we crossed male and female 3xTg-AD mice modelling Aβ and tau pathologies with Shank3a -deficient mice (Shank3 Δex4-9 ). (jneurosci.org)
Pioglitazone does not increase cerebral glucose utilisation in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease and decreases it in wild-type mice. (alzforum.org)
Galea E, Feinstein DL, Lacombe P . Pioglitazone does not increase cerebral glucose utilisation in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease and decreases it in wild-type mice . (alzforum.org)
CONCLUSION: Our findings provide direct evidence of preserved microvascular function in the 5xFAD mice and highlight the critical dependence of the experimental outcomes on the choice of preclinical models of AD. (lu.se)
assessed amyloid deposition in AD mouse models (5xFAD and APP NLGF , respectively) crossed with mice showing minor structural myelin defects driven by the lack of myelin-proteins like CNP (CNP -/- ) or PLP (PLP -/y ). 5XFAD mice harbor five familial AD (FAD) mutations triggering Aβ overproduction, and already exhibit amyloid deposition two months after birth (4). (biologists.com)
Similarly, induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) - a model for chronic immune-mediated myelin loss - caused the formation of amyloid plaques in the spinal cord of 5xFAD mice. (biologists.com)
Therefore, they created a mouse model with sparsely myelinated cortical axons (forebrain shiverer mice, Emx-Cre MBP fl/fl ) and combined them with 5xFAD mice. (biologists.com)
A higher frequency of use of mice with genetic alterations was identified for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) model (n = 29). (bvsalud.org)
Evidence from experimental studies in primate models ( 6 , 7 ) and transgenic mice expressing human prion protein (PrP) ( 8 , 9 ) suggests that the rare and putatively sporadic form of L-BSE ( 10 ) presents a higher risk than classical BSE for transmission to humans. (cdc.gov)
We used maternal separation in mice to model early life stress. (lu.se)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although the loss of several synaptic proteins has been described in Alzheimer's disease (AD), it remains unclear whether their reduction contributes to clinical symptoms. (jneurosci.org)

As Alzheimer's disease affects around 55 million patients globally and accounts for approximately 60-70% of all dementia cases, billions of dollars are spent yearly towards research to better understand the biological mechanisms of the disease as well as develop effective therapeutic treatments for it. (wikipedia.org)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting millions of people worldwide and therefore it is fundamental to understand its underlying mechanisms. (alzheimer-europe.org)
This study will therefore fill a crucial gap between the molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease and the symptoms of the disease, which are mediated by currently unknown neuronal events. (alzheimer-europe.org)
So encapsulating the cells described in this protocol will give us more of a chronic release of amyloid to use in both in vitro and in vivo systems, and the idea would be this would give us a better understanding of the mechanisms of disease and also allow us to test new treatments. (jove.com)
These tools have facilitated our understanding of disease mechanisms and provided longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease amyloidosis. (uzh.ch)
The present study aimed to establish an AD cell model overexpressing the 695‑amino‑acid Swedish mutant of Aβ precursor protein (APP695swe) in order to observe the effects of memantine on the cell viability, autophagy and apoptosis of SH‑SY5Y cells in the AD model, and to investigate the associated underlying mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
Huang Y and Mucke L: Alzheimer mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. (spandidos-publications.com)
Amanda McQuade from Dr. Mathew Blurton-Jones's lab discusses her protocol for differentiating microglia from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the use of these microglia in vivo and in vitro to uncover the mechanisms of immune activation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. (stemcell.com)
As such, great effort has been put forth to investigate the etiology, progression, and underlying mechanisms of the disease. (uleth.ca)
Neuroprotective mechanisms of chronic physical exercise via reduction of ß-amyloid protein in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. (bvsalud.org)
Moving forward, the researchers plan to further investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the role of stress in Alzheimer's disease and how genetic variants affect neurodegeneration. (medscape.com)

Late-onset sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, but its origin remains poorly understood. (nih.gov)
To evaluate the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) or other dementia in patients diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of elderly persons. (nih.gov)
We identified beneficiaries aged 68+ years who had at least two claims with diagnoses of OAG and no Alzheimer or other dementia in 1994, using a 3-year look-back period between 1991 and 1993 (n = 63,235) and beneficiaries matched on age, sex, race, and Charlson index without a diagnosis of OAG throughout the observational period (n = 63,235), using propensity score matching. (nih.gov)
Using a Cox Proportional Hazards model, we analyzed time to AD diagnosis and time to AD or other dementia diagnosis. (nih.gov)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and affects one out of ten individuals above the age of 65 in the US. (biologists.com)
Unintentional weight loss in people with Down syndrome may predict the onset of Alzheimer's disease long before typical cognitive symptoms like memory loss and dementia are apparent. (wisc.edu)
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of age-related dementia. (uleth.ca)
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia, decreasing a person's functionality in memory, personality and eventually motor domains, leading to the need for full time care. (edu.au)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. (arizona.edu)
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, but there is no effective treatment to prevent nor slow the development of the disease. (lu.se)
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common progressive degenerative form of dementia, strongly associated with advancing age. (medscape.com)
Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease Dementia Lewy body dementia includes clinically diagnosed dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease dementia. (msdmanuals.com)
Parkinson disease may share features of other synucleinopathies, such as autonomic dysfunction and dementia. (msdmanuals.com)
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common forms of dementia, constitutes a high social and economic burden expected to increase in the upcoming years [1]. (lu.se)

By shedding light on molecular changes involved in resilience, we expect to innovate by testing new therapeutic strategies related to serotonergic receptors modulation to prevent and/or limit the development of Alzheimer's disease. (brightfocus.org)
A separate review of human and animal epidemiologic studies found that long-term stress, along with genetic factors, may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. (medscape.com)

The mathematical model developed in this paper, based on current theories of AD pathophysiology, enables prediction of disease trajectory under a natural history scenario in individual patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD or late MCI (L-MCI) using current clinically validated biomarkers. (plos.org)
The Addex mGluR2 NAM was tested in a model that mimics aspects of the pathophysiology and cognitive impairment, including progressive memory impairment, observed in human Alzheimer's disease. (addexpharma.com)
Epigenetic regulation in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. (nature.com)

Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease are organism or cellular models used in research to investigate biological questions about Alzheimer's disease as well as develop and test novel therapeutic treatments. (wikipedia.org)
The growing availability of clinical biomarker data and data-driven computational modeling techniques provide an opportunity for new approaches to individualized AD therapeutic planning. (plos.org)
These results constitute a novel therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases, which is applicable to a range of CNS disease targets. (biorxiv.org)
Addex Pharmaceuticals ( www.addexpharma.com ) discovers and develops allosteric modulators for human health and is focused on validated therapeutic targets for diseases of the central nervous system, metabolic disorders and inflammation. (addexpharma.com)
Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Participates in Amyloid-β Processing in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease but Plays a Minor Role in the Therapeutic Properties of a Cannabis-Based Medicine. (j-alz.com)

This allows these models to be generated from both early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) patients with mutations in APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2 genes as well as late-onset/sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) patients, a population which is not wholly replicated in animal models. (wikipedia.org)
Alzheimer's disease with APP V717L mutation, but normal in sporadic AD. (science20.com)

Pro-death compounds can be used in these models to induce Alzheimer's disease related cell death. (wikipedia.org)
De Felice FG, Velasco PT, Lambert MP, Viola K, Fernandez SJ, Ferreira ST and Klein WL: Abeta oligomers induce neuronal oxidative stress through an N- methyl- d - aspartate receptor- dependent mechanism that is blocked by the Alzheimer drug memantine. (spandidos-publications.com)

Researchers have shown how cholesterol - a molecule normally linked with cardiovascular diseases - may also play an important role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. (cam.ac.uk)
The findings indicate weight loss may be a useful predictor of the disease prior to the onset of the cognitive problems that often trigger diagnosis. (wisc.edu)
Onset between ages 21 and 40 years is sometimes called young or early-onset Parkinson disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Early-Life Environment Influence on Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. (lu.se)

Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are unique in which differentiated somatic cells are taken from Alzheimer's disease patients and reverted into pluripotent stem cells via an ectopic transcriptional "Tamanaka" factor cocktail. (wikipedia.org)
Alzheimer's disease patients. (science20.com)
Alzheimer's disease iPSCs, the researchers discovered that pathogenesis differed between individual AD patients. (science20.com)
With the recent approval by the FDA of the first disease-modifying drug for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), personalized medicine will be increasingly important for appropriate management and counseling of patients with AD and those at risk. (plos.org)
Schulz JB, Rainer M, Klünemann HH, Kurz A, Wolf S, Sternberg K and Tennigkeit F: Sustained effects of once - daily memantine treatment on cognition and functional communication skills in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease: Results of a 16- week open- label trial. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, PM20D1 is increased following AD-related neurotoxic insults at symptomatic stages in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and in human patients with AD who are carriers of the non-risk haplotype. (nature.com)
Introduction: Identifying the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for individual patients is important for numerous clinical applications. (mssm.edu)
Results: Survival and prevalence curves for two representative outcomes-mortality and dependency-generated by the model accurately reproduced the observed curves both overall and for patients subdivided according to risk levels using an independent Cox model. (mssm.edu)
Discussion: The new model, validated here, effectively reproduces the observed course of AD from an initial visit assessment, allowing users to project coordinated developments for individual patients of multiple disease features. (mssm.edu)
Increased cortisol levels are frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease and "make a major contribution to the disease process," the authors wrote . (medscape.com)

Figure 1: construction and characterization of a 3D human neuroimmune axis model of AD. (immunopaedia.org.za)
developed a three-dimensional human neuroimmune axis model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nature.com)

The vast majority of Alzheimer's disease cases are not directly inherited but linked to environmental and genetic factors. (yale.edu)
Alleles are those genetic markers - A, C, G or T - that determine such inherited traits as eye and hair color, or susceptibility to disease. (sciencedaily.com)
Using TGen's powerful analytic tools to find a genetic association between the KIBRA gene and Alzheimer's disease, comparing more than 1,700 living and deceased people, with and without the disorder. (sciencedaily.com)

Eating freeze-dried blueberries or taking blueberry powder by mouth doesn't lower blood pressure in people with high blood pressure or other heart disease risk factors. (medlineplus.gov)

We modeled these anatomical changes in a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses both P301L tau (uniquely in the medial entorhinal cortex) and mutant APP/PS1 (in a widespread distribution) to examine the anatomical consequences of early tangles, plaques, or the combination. (unboundmedicine.com)
This leads many scientists to believe that these plaques, which appear outside of cells, cause Alzheimer's disease. (lu.se)
In Alzheimer's disease, there is a progressive accumulation of aggregated proteins, such as amyloid-β, which is known to form plaques, but this process starts long before symptoms arise. (lu.se)
Despite the fact that the disease was discovered more than a century ago, there still remains a lot unknown, but it's also interesting how many of the observations made back then, such as neuritic plaques by Oskar Fischer, are still relevant today. (lu.se)
Human APOE4 increases microglia reactivity at Abeta plaques in a mouse model of Abeta deposition. (lu.se)

Synaptic loss is intrinsically linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and symptoms, but its direct impact on clinical symptoms remains elusive. (jneurosci.org)

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a high risk of developing Alzheimer neuropathology which, in later life, gives rise to the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (acnr.co.uk)
Specifically targeting the signaling of the neurotransmitter glutamate using mGluR2 NAM is one of the most promising avenues of research for treating cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease," said Vincent Mutel, CEO of Addex. (addexpharma.com)
The statistically significant effect was similar to the active comparator used in the same experiment, donepezil (Aricept), the benchmark marketed drug currently used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. (addexpharma.com)

Preliminary data does suggest that targeting gene expression of significantly altered genes within the progression of Alzheimer's disease can improve memory function in flies but further testing is required. (arizona.edu)

The inflammatory cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 (COX/PGE 2 ) pathway has been implicated in preclinical AD development, both in human epidemiology studies and in transgenic rodent models of AD. (jci.org)
The first neurofibrillary cortical lesions in Alzheimer's disease occur in the entorhinal cortex, thereby disrupting the origin of the perforant pathway projection to the hippocampus, and amyloid deposits are often found in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, which is the terminal zone of the entorhinal cortex. (unboundmedicine.com)
Specif cally, connectivity changes in the dorsolateral geniculo-cortical pathway are studied using a neural mass computational model. (lincoln.ac.uk)
A slowing of the mean power spectra of the model output is observed with increase in both excitatory and inhibitory parameters in the intra-thalamic and thalamocortical pathways and a decrease of sensory pathway synaptic connectivity. (lincoln.ac.uk)
The TREM2-APOE Pathway Drives the Transcriptional Phenotype of Dysfunctional Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases. (lu.se)

A new tacrine-melatonin hybrid reduces amyloid burden and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (druglib.com)
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an acquired disorder of cognitive and behavioral impairment that markedly interferes with social and occupational functioning. (medscape.com)

Researchers commonly use post-mortem human tissue or experimental models to conduct experiments relating to Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease are particularly useful as they allow complex manipulation of biological systems to elucidate questions about Alzheimer's disease without the risk of harming humans. (wikipedia.org)
Traditional two dimensional cell culture is a useful experimental model of Alzheimer's disease to conduct experiments in a high throughput manner. (wikipedia.org)
Connectivity parameters in the model are informed by the most recent experimental data on mammalian Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (dorsal). (lincoln.ac.uk)
A total of 12 mouse lemurs of both sexes (Center for Breeding and Experimental Conditioning of Animal Models, University Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France) were maintained in animal Biosafety Level 3 facilities, according to requirements of the French ethics committee (authorization CE-LR-0810). (cdc.gov)

Current methods used by researchers are: traditional 2D cell culture, 3D cell culture, microphysiological systems, and animal models. (wikipedia.org)
Yale researchers developed a novel model that may prove useful to the study of Alzheimer's at its earliest stages. (yale.edu)
If confirmed in further studies, the model could serve as an additional tool for understanding the role of Fus1 and mitochondria in the development of Alzheimer's, said the researchers. (yale.edu)
A study published by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers recently in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease shows that unintentional weight loss starting in the mid-to-late 30s coincides with hallmark features of early Alzheimer's disease in people with Down syndrome. (wisc.edu)
In the new study, researchers found that carriers of a memory-enhancing flavor of the KIBRA gene had a 25 percent lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. (sciencedaily.com)
To apply the technique to the study of Alzheimer's disease, researchers compare the measurements taken from the neuron development of a normal fruit-fly and the measurements taken from the neuron development of a special strain of fruit-fly. (nocamels.com)

Because of its favorable safety profile and the involvement of misfolded proteins, oxidative damage, and inflammation in multiple chronic degenerative diseases, these data relating curcumin dosing to the blood and tissue levels required for efficacy should help translation efforts from multiple successful preclinical models. (aspetjournals.org)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles and neuron loss. (druglib.com)
Parkinson disease is a slowly progressive, degenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness (rigidity), slow and decreased movement (bradykinesia), and eventually gait and/or postural instability. (msdmanuals.com)

In this paper, we develop a new mathematical model, based on AD cognitive, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and MRI biomarkers, to provide a personalized optimal treatment plan for individuals. (plos.org)
We further propose the emerging targets and tracers for reflecting the pathophysiological changes and discuss outstanding challenges in disease animal models and future outlook in the on-chip characterization of imaging biomarkers towards clinical translation. (uzh.ch)
Molecular biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: Progress and prospects. (bvsalud.org)

In: Lane TE, Carson M, Bergmann C, Wyss-Coray T (eds) Central nervous system diseases and inflammation. (springer.com)

Common immortalized cell lines used to study Alzheimer's disease include: human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293), human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), human neuroglioma (H4), human embryonic mesencephalic (LUHMES), human neural progenitor (ReN), and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. (wikipedia.org)

This allowed them to develop a mathematical model to predict what may happen to hair over time and identify a point in time when those changes are reversible. (medscape.com)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by synaptic failure, dendritic and axonal atrophy, neuronal death and progressive loss of cognitive functions. (springer.com)

Background: Dysregulation of ceramide and sphingomyelin levels have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (eur.nl)
To investigate the impact of impaired myelin on AD pathogenesis, they used various mouse models with genetically or chemically induced myelin dysfunction. (biologists.com)

This model is parameterized by biomarker data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort, a large multi-institutional database monitoring the natural history of subjects with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). (plos.org)
We don't have many good clinical signs that somebody could be nearing that cusp of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease," Hartley says. (wisc.edu)
This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) invites applications for basic research to better characterize the affective, cognitive, social, and motivational parameters of impaired and intact decision making in both normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). (nih.gov)
This project will thus provide multiple new targets of interest that may improve the therapeutics and treatments of Alzheimer's disease in order to delay the progression of cognitive impairments. (brightfocus.org)

Almkvist O, Basun H, Wagner SL, Rowe BA, Wahlund LO, Lannfelt L (1997) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of alpha-secretase-cleaved soluble amyloid precursor protein mirror cognition in a Swedish family with Alzheimer disease and a gene mutation. (springer.com)

In addition, Merck & Co., Inc. has licensed rights to two preclinical products: mGluR4 PAM for Parkinson's disease and mGluR5 PAM for schizophrenia. (addexpharma.com)
This route of exposure may be the mechanism behind the correlation between air pollution and human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. (cdc.gov)

This optimal treatment computational modeling framework can be applied to other single and combination treatments for both prediction and optimization, as well as incorporate new clinical trial data as it becomes available. (plos.org)

Single domain antibodies (VHH) are potentially disruptive therapeutics, with important biological value for treatment of several diseases, including neurological disorders. (biorxiv.org)

Longitudinal studies have shown that increase ofmean frequency within the theta band may be considered as an early symptom of progression into Alzheimer's Disease (AD). (lincoln.ac.uk)
Previously, we published a new comprehensive longitudinal model of AD progression with inputs/outputs covering 11 interconnected clinical measurement domains. (mssm.edu)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also known as prion diseases, are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals. (cdc.gov)

These data indicate that the dienone bridge present in curcumin, but not in TC, is necessary to reduce plaque deposition and protein oxidation in an Alzheimer's model. (aspetjournals.org)
This atypical BSE was designated L-type BSE (L-BSE) because Western blot analysis showed that the disease-associated protease-resistant prion protein (PrP res ) was of lower apparent molecular mass than in the agent of classical BSE, which is involved in the major foodborne epizooty in cattle and in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
and for disease-associated prion protein (PrPd) immunochemical detection by using the paraffin-embedded tissue blot method or immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibody 3F4 against PrP. (cdc.gov)

Aydin D, Weyer SW, Muller UC (2012) Functions of the APP gene family in the nervous system: insights from mouse models. (springer.com)
Mariia Borovkova , Alexander Bykov , Alexey Popov , Angelo Pierangelo , Tatiana Novikova , Jens Pahnke , and Igor Meglinski "The use of Stokes-Mueller polarimetry for assessment of amyloid-β progression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease", Proc. (spiedigitallibrary.org)
To elucidate the role of TDP-43 in AD, here, we examined the effect of TDP-43 in Aβ aggregation and the attributed toxicity in mouse models. (ox.ac.uk)
To address this issue, we inoculated gray mouse lemurs ( Microcebus murinus ), a nonhuman primate model, by the oral and intracerebral (IC) routes with the agent of L-BSE. (cdc.gov)
Beginning ≈3 months before the terminal stage of the disease (19-22 months after inoculation), neurologic symptoms developed in the 4 mouse lemurs that received IC inoculations ( Table ). (cdc.gov)
APOE4-specific changes in Abeta accumulation in a new transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. (lu.se)

This research suggests that KIBRA, and possibly some of the proteins with which it interacts, may play a role in Alzheimer's disease,'' said Dr. Matthew Huentelman, an investigator in TGen's Neurogenomics Division and the paper's senior author. (sciencedaily.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms1

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology10

Phenomena and Processes2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Health Care3

Pathology19

Brain41

Neurons15

Associated with Alzheimer's disease1

Microglial3

Amyloid-beta8

Mice10

Described in Alzheimer's disease1

Mechanisms11

Dementia14

Development of Alzheimer's disease2

Pathophysiology3

Therapeutic5

Sporadic2

Induce2

Onset4

Patients10

Human neuroimmune axis model2

Genetic3

Risk Factors1

Plaques5

Linked to Alzheimer's disease1

Symptoms of Alzheimer's disease3

Progression of Alzheimer's disease1

Pathway5

Behavioral2

Experimental5

Researchers6

Degenerative3

Biomarkers3

Inflammation1

Study Alzheimer's disease1

Mathematical model1

Atrophy1

Pathogenesis2

Cognitive4

Cerebrospinal1

Parkinson's Disease2

Computational1

Therapeutics1

Longitudinal2

Neurodegenerative disorders1

Protein3

Mouse6

Proteins1