Modelling the aerosols. Medical search. Frequent questions

The United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) is a community Chemistry-Aerosol-Climate model which are research runs of the Met Office's operational Unified Model. (wikipedia.org)
Our Introduction to UK Chemistry Aerosol (UKCA) Model course provides practical experience of running a community chemistry-aerosol climate model. (ncas.ac.uk)

Early results from theoretical calculations in the 1970s and '80s, and cruder measurements completed over smooth surfaces around 2000, have been fed into climate models for decades. (phys.org)
Gas phase and aerosol inputs to the model have been provided from measurements made in the field. (lu.se)
Dynamics of the air flow over the hill consisted of simple prescribed dynamics based on wind speed measurements, and also for some cases modelled dynamics. (lu.se)
Measurements of upwind and interstitial aerosol distributions showed that the smallest particles activated were 30 and 50 nm for clean and polluted cases respectively, slightly smaller than the model values quoted above. (lu.se)
Further, the much more linear relationship between cloud droplet and accumulation mode aerosol number, which was observed in the measurements made during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD project is supported by these modelling results. (lu.se)
The PMF retrieved factors were compared to measured reference mass spectra and were correlated with tracer species of the aerosol and gas phase measurements from collocated instruments. (manchester.ac.uk)
While the compilation of such observational data sets is crucial for model development, model results can, in turn, provide guidance for new measurements of dust properties, which will be useful for future investigation of the dust cycle and its climatic effects. (mpg.de)
Balloonborne aerosol particle counter measurements are used in studying the stratospheric sulfate layer at Laramie, Wyoming, during 1978 and 1979, a 2-year volcanically quiescent period in which the layer appears to have been in a near equilibrium background state. (ametsoc.org)
A comparison of the 1978-79 observations with Junge's original measurements made some 20 years earlier, also during a period void of volcanic perturbations, does not preclude a long-term increase in the background stratospheric aerosol level. (ametsoc.org)
In an attempt to provide an absolute measure for model skill, simulated total optical depths (when adding contributions from all five aerosol types) are compared to measurements from ground and space. (nasa.gov)
For each participant, NIOSH will collect a set of 13 traditional face measurements, height, weight, and a scanned image using a Cyberware Model 3030 head scanner at the onset of the study and every six months thereafter for three years. (cdc.gov)
Combining 7Be and 10Be measurements with an atmospheric transport model can not only improve our understanding of the radionuclide transport and deposition processes but also provide an evaluation of the transport process in the model. (lu.se)
The model results are comprehensively evaluated with a large number of measurements including surface air concentrations and deposition fluxes. (lu.se)
The model can also reasonably simulate the stratosphere-Troposphere exchange process of 7Be and 10Be by producing stratospheric contribution and 10Be/7Be ratio values that agree with measurements. (lu.se)
Finally, we illustrate the importance of including the time-varying solar modulations in the production calculation, which significantly improve the agreement between model results and measurements, especially at mid-latitudes and high latitudes. (lu.se)
A study suggesting that laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements coupled with partial least squares modeling results could be a method for rapidly analyzing diesel particulate matter concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Outdoor air pollution will be assessed by high quality modelling which combines measurements with Geographical Information System tools and aerial and topographical imaging. (lu.se)
Marcus Aldén was the first Head of Division that now included laser-based measurements of combustion and sparks as well as chemical modelling of combustion. (lu.se)

Article: Modelling of aerosol trajectories in a mechanically-ventilated study room using computational fluid dynamics in light of the COVID-19 pandemic Journal: International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling (IJSPM) 2021 Vol.17 No.4 pp.250 - 262 Abstract: Millions of people have been infected globally due to the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic and spread of the disease indoors has become a challenging issue. (inderscience.com)
abstract = "Submicron ambient aerosol was characterized in summer 2005 at an urban background site in Zurich, Switzerland, during a three-week measurement campaign. (manchester.ac.uk)

Invoking the approximation that direct and indirect aerosol effects are additive, we estimate that the overall precipitation reduction is about 40 % due to the direct effects of absorbing aerosols, which stabilize the atmosphere and reduce surface latent heat fluxes via cooler land surface temperatures. (nasa.gov)

And it is the very tiniest of the aerosol particles in that air that make it particularly harmful to human health. (phys.org)
Aerosol particles, whether from wildfire smoke or car exhaust, play a large role in how much heat is absorbed or deflected by the atmosphere. (phys.org)
Aerosol particles fall out of the air in two main ways. (phys.org)
To see how these variously sized particles were faring in this obstacle course, the researchers deployed an ultra-high sensitivity aerosol spectrometer, which uses a laser to count particles. (phys.org)
In this modelling study, it was found that during clean case studies particles down to 40-55 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the. (lu.se)
In all cases, changes in the aerosol spectra were due to both the uptake of HNO 3 , HCl, NH 3 and SO 2 from the gas phase, (the SO 2 being oxidised to sulphate) and the repartitioning of species such as HNO 3 , HCl, and NH 3 from larger particles onto smaller ones. (lu.se)
From this modelling study, it can be concluded that in general, in the remote environment the exchange of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and ammonia between aerosol particles and take up from the gas phase in the vicinity of cloud may be a very important mechanism in regulating the evolution of the aerosol spectrum. (lu.se)
The mass scattering efficiencies of 8.9±0.2 m 2 g −1 and 9.3±0.3 m 2 g −1 obtained for aerosol particles from the combustion of savanna grass and an African hardwood (musasa), respectively, are larger than typically reported mainly due to differences in particle size distribution. (copernicus.org)
Their modeling took into consideration the abilities of walls to absorb or reflect particles. (eyehealthacademy.org)
Once their models were able to describe, solve and simulate virus-laden particle concentration in a small room over space and time, the researchers worked on calculating the probability of a biosensor being able to detect those particles. (eyehealthacademy.org)
Major applications of this research include the development of novel methods to estimate ultrafine particles, to better monitor air quality, and to improve aerosol parameterizations in existing regional models. (nd.edu)
At background, the aerosol size distribution is found to remain remarkably constant between the tropopause and an altitude of ∼25 km, with a sudden transition to a distribution dominated by smaller particles above this altitude. (ametsoc.org)
The science of climate and climate change involves study of the interaction between clouds, atmospheric radiation and aerosol particles. (lu.se)

Scattering aerosols such as sulfate and organic carbon promote photosynthesis while absorbing aerosols such as black carbon have negative impacts. (copernicus.org)
We also document the geographical distribution and seasonal cycle of the AOD for the individual aerosol species: black carbon (BC) from fossil fuel and biomass burning, sulfate, organic aerosols (OAs), dust, and sea-salt. (nasa.gov)
Black carbon (BC) is a major light absorption component and strong climate-warming agent among atmospheric aerosols. (progettosanbasilio.org)
2023] conducted a study to assess and enhance the representation of aerosols in Global Climate Models (GCMs), focusing on their microphysical and optical properties, specifically Black Carbon (BC) and aerosol optical properties. (progettosanbasilio.org)
2023). Enhancing Global Climate Models with an Aerosol Optical Module Incorporating Observation-Informed Black Carbon Characteristics. (progettosanbasilio.org)
These comparisons necessitate model improvements on aerosol size distributions, the refractive indices of dust and black carbon aerosols, and biomass burning emissions in order to better quantify the aerosol absorption in the atmosphere. (copernicus.org)
These new modules distinguish among at least five aerosol components: sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon, sea salt, and dust. (nasa.gov)

In the presentation we will compare estimates of effective radiative forcing by aerosol-cloud interactions (ERFaci) using SP-CAM-CLUBB with estimates by SP-CAM without CLUBB and by CAM5, and diagnose explanations for the differences between the estimates. (confex.com)
The model incorporates gas phase chemistry of sulphur and nitrogen compounds upstream of the cloud, and the interaction of aerosol, precursor trace gases and oxidants within the cloud. (lu.se)
Significant modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was observed. (lu.se)
We conduct several sets of simulations with a version of NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5, (GEOS-5) Atmospheric Global Climate Model (AGCM) equipped with a two-moment cloud microphysical scheme to understand the role of biomass burning aerosol (BBA) emissions in Southeast Asia (SEA) in the pre-monsoon period of February-May. (nasa.gov)
Taking appropriate differences between AGCM experiment sets, we find that BBA affects liquid clouds in statistically significantly ways, increasing cloud droplet number concentrations, decreasing droplet effective radii (i.e., a classic aerosol indirect effect), and locally suppressing precipitation due to a deceleration of the autoconversion process, with the latter effect apparently also leading to cloud condensate increases. (nasa.gov)
Geographical re-arrangements of precipitation patterns, with precipitation increases downwind of aerosol sources are also seen, most likely because of advection of weakly precipitating cloud fields. (nasa.gov)
Further refinements of our two-moment cloud microphysics scheme are needed for a more complete examination of the role of aerosol-convection interactions in the seasonal development of the SEA monsoon. (nasa.gov)
In this study, the SCM mode of version 5 of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) is shown to handle aerosol initialization and advection improperly, resulting in aerosol, cloud-droplet, and ice crystal concentrations which are typically much lower than observed or simulated by CAM5 in global mode. (copernicus.org)
This deficiency has a major impact on stratiform cloud simulations but has little impact on convective case studies because aerosol is currently not used by CAM5 convective schemes and convective cases are typically longer in duration (so initialization is less important). (copernicus.org)
By imposing fixed aerosol or cloud-droplet and crystal number concentrations, the aerosol issues described above can be avoided. (copernicus.org)
Microphysics is shown to strongly deplete cloud water in stratiform cases, indicating problems with sequential splitting in CAM5 and the need for careful interpretation of output from sequentially split climate models. (copernicus.org)
In this study we explore the problem in running default CAM5-SCM, which initializes the aerosol to zero, and test three potential fixes in four different cloud regimes: DYCOMSRF02, MPACE-B, RICO, and ARM95. (copernicus.org)
Stratiform cloud cases (DYCOMS RF02 and MPACE-B) were found to have a strong dependence on aerosol concentration, while convective cases (RICO and ARM95) were relatively insensitive to aerosol specification. (copernicus.org)
This paper summarizes recent developments of aerosol, cloud and surface reflectance databases and models in the framework of the software package SCIATRAN. (copernicus.org)
This paper summarizes recent developments of aerosol, cloud and surface reflectance databases. (copernicus.org)
Aerosol-cloud interactions include a myriad of effects that all begin when aerosol enters a cloud and acts as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). (catalyzex.com)
Globally, aerosol-cloud interactions cool the Earth, however the strength of the effect is heterogeneous over different meteorological regimes. (catalyzex.com)
Understanding how aerosol-cloud interactions evolve as a function of the local environment can help us better understand sources of error in our Earth system models, which currently fail to reproduce the observed relationships. (catalyzex.com)
In this work we use recent non-linear, causal machine learning methods to study the heterogeneous effects of aerosols on cloud droplet radius. (catalyzex.com)
Each cloud droplet and each initial ice crystal is initiated by an aerosol particle. (lu.se)
The cloud properties are controlled by the aerosol conditions of the environment. (lu.se)
Primary biological aerosol particle (PBAPs) have a distinctive role because they initiate both cloud droplets and, at remarkably warm sub-zero temperatures, ice crystals. (lu.se)
My research focuses on a detailed process level understanding of atmospheric aerosol formation, aerosol cloud climate interactions and air pollution. (lu.se)

If sulfate aerosol becomes more acidic as OA / sulfate ratios increase, then controlling SO2 emissions to decrease sulfate aerosol will not have the co-benefit of suppressing acidcatalyzed secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. (nasa.gov)
For a subset of models that represent nitrate and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), we document the role of these aerosols at high latitudes. (nasa.gov)

Modelled droplet numbers are typically within 20% of the best measured values. (lu.se)
Droplet concentration in the general circulation model (GCM) version of CAM5 is also shown to be far too low (~ 25 cm −3 ) at the southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site. (copernicus.org)

The seasonal dependence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols differs with natural aerosols peaking in winter (seasalt) and spring (dust), whereas AOD from anthropogenic aerosols peaks in late spring and summer. (nasa.gov)
From a model experiment with "tagged" sources, natural aerosols are estimated to be 58% of τ and 53% of τ a , with pollution and biomass burning aerosols to share the rest. (copernicus.org)

For climatologically prescribed monthly sea surface temperatures, we conduct sets of model integrations with and without biomass burning emissions in the area of peak burning activity, and with direct aerosol radiative effects either active or inactive. (nasa.gov)
From these data, we estimate each fire aerosolized an average of 7 ± 4 × 10 9 cells and 2 ± 1 × 10 8 biological INPs per m 2 burned and conclude that emissions from wildland fire are sources of viable microbial aerosols to the atmosphere. (nature.com)
Still, many important modeling issues remain inconclusive as the combined result of poor coordination (different emissions and meteorology), insufficient model output (vertical distributions, water uptake by aerosol type), and unresolved measurement issues (retrieval assumptions and temporal or spatial sampling biases). (nasa.gov)

There has been much interest in air pollution and the forecasting skill of air quality models in China since winter 2013. (aaqr.org)
All the models systematically underestimated O 3 and heavy PM 2.5 pollution events. (aaqr.org)
Here we describe the application of the model to isolate the impacts of the two-way chemistry-aerosol coupling on the predictions of sulfate aerosol and ozone pollution and to provide insights into the mechanisms that drive the different predictions between coupled and off-line models. (nasa.gov)
Atmospheric aerosol distributions from 2000 to 2007 are simulated with the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model to attribute light absorption by aerosol to its composition and sources from pollution, dust, and biomass burning. (copernicus.org)
The modeled α is 0.2-0.3 too low (particle too large) for pollution and dust aerosols but 0.2-0.3 too high (particle too small) for the biomass burning aerosols, indicating errors in particle size distributions in the model. (copernicus.org)
Still, the model estimated ω is lower in dust regions and shows a much stronger wavelength dependence for biomass burning aerosols but a weaker one for pollution aerosols than those quantities from AERONET. (copernicus.org)
Satellite images indicate detrimental levels, but monitoring and high resolution outdoor air pollution modelling is lacking. (lu.se)

A better characterisation of the optical properties of biomass burning aerosol as a function of the burning conditions is required in order to quantify their effects on climate and atmospheric chemistry. (copernicus.org)

Different air quality models use different parameters (e.g., meteorological fields, emission sources and the initial concentrations of pollutants) and therefore their forecast results tend to have large systematic and random errors. (aaqr.org)
We evaluated the concentrations of six pollutants in Henan Province predicted by three air quality models-the China Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment (CUACE) model, the Nested Air Quality Prediction (NAQP) model and the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. (aaqr.org)
Independent of the production models, surface air concentrations and deposition fluxes from all simulations show similar seasonal variations, suggesting a dominant meteorological influence. (lu.se)
A study assessing both the relative contributions different types of vehicles make to diesel aerosol concentrations and the effectiveness of control strategies and technologies. (cdc.gov)

We are interested in understanding processes responsible for dictating new particle formation in the atmosphere and particle size distributions by integrating box and regional models with ground-based and remotely-sensed observations. (nd.edu)
Validation of modeled dust distributions must therefore include comparisons with different types of observational data. (mpg.de)
and aerosol dispersion parameters are best addressed as probability distributions. (cdc.gov)

New research by Colorado State University scientists is giving us a much better understanding of this process, which can help not only in air quality forecasting, but also in global climate modeling. (phys.org)
This has added substantial uncertainty to already-complex climate models. (phys.org)
We can directly use observations from field studies to narrow the uncertainties in climate models, and to improve our understanding of climate-relevant processes. (phys.org)
Liu, X. , Easter, C. , Ghan, S. J. , (2012). Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models: Description and evaluation in the Community Atmospheric Model CAM5 , Geosci. (dri.edu)
Such transport is, however, poorly constrained in present-day global climate models, and few multi-model evaluations of polar anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing exist. (nasa.gov)
Aerosol absorption efficiency and their global warming effects were reported to be overestimated in current global climate models (GCMs) due to the poor representation of complex BC mixing states. (progettosanbasilio.org)
Improved ways of treating clouds in global climate models that predict climate change are being developed. (lu.se)

As part of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project a numerical experiment known as G6sulfur has been designed in which temperatures under a high-forcing future scenario (SSP5-8.5) are reduced to those under a medium-forcing scenario (SSP2-4.5) using the proposed geoengineering technique of stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI). (mpg.de)
The observations, in some respects, compare favorably with equilibrium one-dimensional stratospheric aerosol models and thus to some extent support the concept of relatively inert tropospheric sulfurous gases, such as carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide as the main background stratospheric aerosol sulfur source. (ametsoc.org)
The eruption of Mt. St. Helens in May 1980 has considerably disrupted the background stratospheric aerosol which will probably not recover for several years. (ametsoc.org)

A numerical model has been used to simulate the conditions observed during the ACE-2 Hillcloud experiment and to study the processes which may be taking place. (lu.se)
The environmental sources of microbial aerosols and processes by which they are emitted into the atmosphere are not well characterized. (nature.com)
Such models also provide important means of evaluating the processes that govern changes in dustiness during different climatic periods. (mpg.de)
Regional models could be useful for evaluating emission parameterizations, as well as dust transport and depositional processes close to source regions. (mpg.de)
Reduced uncertainties in the production rates, as demonstrated in this study, improve the utility of 7Be and 10Be as aerosol tracers for evaluating and testing transport and scavenging processes in global models. (lu.se)
We have predicted the separate contributions of precipitation from the two processes in our existing high-resolution model of clouds. (lu.se)
Many of these phenomena and processes involve chemical reactions, hence chemical kinetic modelling is another important research activity at the division. (lu.se)

We have implemented fully interactive tropospheric gas-phase chemistry and sulfate aerosol modules into the new generation state-of the-art Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) modelE general circulation model (GCM). (nasa.gov)
Inconsistency of ammonium-sulfate aerosol ratios with thermodynamic models in. (nasa.gov)
When ammonia is in excess, the ammonium-sulfate aerosol ratio R = [NH+ 4 ] / [S(VI)] should approach 2, with excess ammonia remaining in the gas phase. (nasa.gov)
Here we report that sulfate aerosol in the eastern US in summer has a low ammonium-sulfate ratio despite excess ammonia, and we show that this is at odds with thermodynamic models. (nasa.gov)
We implement a simple kinetic mass transfer limitation for ammonia uptake to sulfate aerosols in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model and find that we can reproduce both the observed ammonium-sulfate aerosol ratios and the concurrent presence of gas-phase ammonia. (nasa.gov)

Measured upwind and downwind aerosol spectra showed similar modification to that predicted by the model in eight out of the eleven model runs carried out. (lu.se)

Modelling was conducted by coupling discrete phase model with the continuous phase during simulations. (inderscience.com)
We compare these observations against nine widely used chemical transport models and find that the simulations show more scatter (generally R2 (unh.edu)
Here we compare the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from simulations with 16 global aerosol models from the AeroCom Phase II model intercomparison project with available observations at both poles. (nasa.gov)
In their current work, they developed a model and simulations that describe what happens to molecules exhaled in breath within a closed room over space and time. (eyehealthacademy.org)
Comparisons to the combined best of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) indicate that away from sources, model simulations are usually smaller. (nasa.gov)
To simulate these aerosol tracers, it is critical to evaluate the influence of radionuclide production uncertainties on simulations. (lu.se)

Chemical transport models often underestimate aerosol acidity in remot" by Benjamin A. Nault, Pedro Campuzano-Jost et al. (unh.edu)
Comparisons to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) suggest a source strength underestimate in many models, most frequently for (subtropical) tropical biomass or dust. (nasa.gov)

Aerosols enhance plant photosynthesis by increasing diffuse radiation. (copernicus.org)
Atmospheric aerosols from anthropogenic and natural sources reach the polar regions through long-range transport and affect the local radiation balance. (nasa.gov)
The study develops a simple but physically based model for estimating erythemal irradiance [(UV erythemal radiation (UVER)] for cloudless urban regions with substantial aerosol load, such as that of the Valencia environment in Spain. (edu.au)
Plutonium aerosol informatics: update on understanding, communicating, and managing radiation safety in plutonium science. (cdc.gov)

This uptake of ammonia has important implications for aerosol mass, hygroscopicity, and acidity. (nasa.gov)

In Aerosols in Biomass Combustion (Vol. 6, pp. 79-106). (elsevierpure.com)

Aircraft can hold large numbers of persons in close proximity model to estimate the reduction in aerosol concentration as for long periods, which can increase the risk for transmission distance from a source increased. (cdc.gov)
Both modes use identical chemical calculations, but the decoupled simulation relies on previously saved off-line oxidant and aerosol concentration fields whereas the coupled simulation is fully interactive. (nasa.gov)
Subtracting the background aerosol concentration from data obtained during an earlier volcanically active period indicates that the actual decay rate of volcanic aerosol is over 30% faster than one would obtain without this correction. (ametsoc.org)

Here, we present observations from eleven different aircraft campaigns from around the globe and investigate how aerosol pH and ammonium balance change from polluted to remote regions, such as over the oceans. (unh.edu)
2− aerosol (S(VI) ≡ H2 SO4 (aq) + HSO− 4 + SO4 ) should take up available ammonia (NH3 ) quantitatively as ammonium (NH+ 4 ) until the ammonium sulfate stoichiometry (NH4 )2 SO4 is close to being reached. (nasa.gov)
When ammonia is in deficit, it should be fully taken up by the aerosol as ammonium and no significant ammonia should remain in the gas phase. (nasa.gov)

Soil dust aerosol is an important factor of the climatic system. (mpg.de)
In order to evaluate the different aspects of the climatic effects of dust, estimates of its highly variable atmospheric distribution need to be computed by transport models. (mpg.de)
While models of the modern dust cycle are currently capable of simulating first-order patterns of its global distribution, the parameterization of dust emission in these models is still crude, since input information about soil properties and wind events cannot be resolved at a global scale. (mpg.de)
These differences are also a function of altitude, as transport biases of dust do not always extend to other aerosol types. (nasa.gov)

Comparing with data from the surface sunphotometer network AERONET, the model tends to reproduce much better the AERONET direct measured data of τ and the Ångström exponent (α) than its retrieved quantities of ω and τ a . (copernicus.org)

Formation of SOA from the aromatic species toluene, xylene, and, for the first time, benzene, is added to a global chemical transport model. (harvard.edu)
In this study, we found that the aerosol impacts are quite different for varied species. (copernicus.org)

Scientists have had a fairly good handle on this force, which accounts for some 80% of the aerosol effect in the atmosphere. (phys.org)
Farmer explained it as each microscopic aerosol particle running its own gauntlet, "kind of like American Ninja Warrior, where the particle has to avoid hitting different obstacles in order to stay in the atmosphere. (phys.org)
Overall, however, because of direct radiative effect contributions, aerosols exert a net negative forcing at both the top of the atmosphere and, perhaps most importantly, the surface, where decreased evaporation triggers feedbacks that further reduce precipitation. (nasa.gov)
Lebassi-Habtezion, B. and Caldwell, P. M.: Aerosol specification in single-column Community Atmosphere Model version 5, Geosci. (copernicus.org)

2000. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of trichloroethylene and its metabolites for use in risk assessment. (cdc.gov)

The error is 7.6% when monthly averages of these aerosol properties are used to estimate hourly erythemal irradiance in other years. (edu.au)

The UKCA model is based on the Met Office Unified Model and the atmospheric composition module of the UK Earth System Model. (ncas.ac.uk)
You will receive support from expert UKCA users at the National Centre for Atmospheric Science and gain experience of setting up and running experiments on the model. (ncas.ac.uk)

Modelling results have been compared with observations made. (lu.se)
We show that the annual mean multi-model median is representative of the observations in Arctic, but that the intermodel spread is large. (nasa.gov)
The new model was then evaluated using field observations, taking into account the updated representation of BC and aerosol optical properties. (progettosanbasilio.org)
In a recent project, laboratory observations of a new type of fragmentation involving freezing raindrops were done, enabling its representation in atmospheric models. (lu.se)

Study schedule for small particle aerosol infection of African green monkeys (AGMs) with MERS-CoV. (cdc.gov)
The AGM model represents an acute model of B. pseudomallei infection for all three strains from two geographical locations and will be useful for efficacy testing of vaccines and therapeutics against melioidosis. (qxmd.com)

ACP, 11, 5867-5896, 2011) and the laboratory smog chamber model ADCHAM (Aerosol dynamics, gas- and particle-phase chemistry kinetic multilayer model for laboratory CHAMber studies) (Roldin et al. (lu.se)

With appropriate corrections to that component (e.g., to removal, to source strength, or to seasonality) a much better model performance can be expected. (nasa.gov)

Highly time-resolved samples of non-refractory aerosol components were analyzed with an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). (manchester.ac.uk)

SARS-CoV-2, CDC and Kansas State University (KSU) aerosol was introduced from a source location and collected modeled the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 exposure and at six different sample locations in the cabin. (cdc.gov)
Three groups of AGMs (4 in each group) were exposed to 3 different target doses of MERS-CoV EMC/2012 strain by small particle aerosol exposure. (cdc.gov)
Individual exposure will be linked to the model by residential address. (lu.se)

They also accounted for parameters such as aerosol sampling time and volume, sampling efficiency, and the probability of the antibodies binding to a virus. (eyehealthacademy.org)
Ratios of optical depth and mass demonstrate large differences in the mass extinction efficiency, even for hydrophobic aerosol. (nasa.gov)

Although all models show that SAI is successful in reducing global mean temperature as designed, they are also consistent in showing that it forces an increasingly positive phase of the NAO as the injection rate increases over the course of the 21st century, exacerbating precipitation reductions over parts of southern Europe compared with SSP5-8.5. (mpg.de)
New aerosol modules of global (circulation and chemical transport) models are evaluated. (nasa.gov)

Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used for the first time for aerosol mass spectra to identify the main components of the total organic aerosol and their sources. (manchester.ac.uk)

G6sulfur involves introducing sulfuric acid aerosol into the tropical stratosphere where it reflects incoming sunlight back to space, thus cooling the planet. (mpg.de)

In this context, the study focused on modelling the trajectories of virus-laden aerosols in a study room by the computational fluid dynamics approach under four mechanically-driven ventilation strategies: cavity flow, displacement flow and two cases of mixing flow. (inderscience.com)
Furthermore, in the present study potentially contributing sources of coarse and fine PM were identified using two different receptor model techniques Factor Analysis (FA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). (aaqr.org)
In this study we explore the problem in running default CAM5-SCM, which initializes the aerosol. (copernicus.org)
This study first characterized the disease progression of melioidosis in the African green monkey (AGM) and rhesus macaque (RM) for non-human primate model down-selection. (qxmd.com)
This kind of study requires input from researchers with varied expertise in theoretical channel modeling, system design and integration, and machine learning schemes," says Amin. (eyehealthacademy.org)
A study investigating the efficacy of an aerodynamic separation scheme for obtaining aerosols with nearly monodisperse fiber lengths as test samples for mechanistic toxicological evaluations. (cdc.gov)

I am the founder, main developer and user of the process-based chemistry transport model ADCHEM (2D-Lagrangian model for Aerosol Dynamics, gas-phase CHEMistry and radiative transfer, Roldin et al. (lu.se)

The models produce a median annual mean AOD of 0.07 in the Arctic (defined here as north of 60◦ N). The models also predict a noteworthy aerosol transport to the Antarctic (south of 70◦ S) with a resulting AOD varying between 0.01 and 0.02. (nasa.gov)
Models which incorporate sulfur chemistry are apparently not able to predict the observed variation of particle size with altitude. (ametsoc.org)
I. Develop models that predict the impacts of intensifying agricultural production on biodiversity, eutrophication and carbon sequestration. (lu.se)

Impacts of chemistry-aerosol coupling on tropospheric ozone and sulfate. (nasa.gov)
The chemistry-aerosol coupling leads to ~20% increases in surface sulfate over SO2 source regions in the northern hemisphere summer due to higher H2O2 levels and aqueous-phase oxidation rates in the coupled model. (nasa.gov)

Planar gamma scintigraphy-points to consider when quantifying pulmonary dry powder aerosol deposition. (lu.se)

Research at this department has been investigating the balance between both precipitation mechanisms, with theoratical and numerical modeling approaches. (lu.se)

The use of off-line versus coupled models has implications for the simulation of the intercontinental transport of pollutants and their precursors. (nasa.gov)
Modeling and simulation tools for predictions of IM hazards are under development that characterize many of the pertinent phenomena, including damage sensitization to reaction and delayed-onset detonation. (sbir.gov)

At middle to high tropospheric altitudes in the northern hemisphere, ozone and OH are increased in the coupled model relative to the off-line model by ~10% due to reductions in sulfate loading and subsequent suppression of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis. (nasa.gov)

Because these data were collected before the COVID-19 pan- scenarios was reduced by 23% to 57% depending upon the demic, the effects of passengers wearing masks on the aerosol modeling approach. (cdc.gov)
These viral aerosol data for a single passenger who was in the same row and two seats were then used to create a nonlinear regression model which away from the SARS-COV-2 source, rather than in an adjacent assesses the association between the number of plaque-forming middle seat. (cdc.gov)
Six factors were found to explain virtually all variance in the data and could be assigned either to sources or to aerosol components such as oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA). (manchester.ac.uk)
When tested against independent data, hourly root mean square (RMS) errors are 6.2% if both aerosol properties are known independently. (edu.au)
However, errors are larger, at 18.0%, when monthly estimates of these aerosol properties are used at other experimental sites in the region with no aerosol data. (edu.au)

Anatomy10

Organisms19

Diseases33

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture18

Information Science4

Health Care33

Community Chemistry-Aerosol-Climate model2

Measurements18

Abstract2

Effects of absorbin1

Particles13

Black carbon7

Cloud23

Secondary organic2

Droplet2

Natural aerosols2

Emissions3

Pollution7

Biomass burning1

Concentrations4

Distributions3

Climate7

Stratospheric aerosol3

Processes7

Sulfate aerosol5

Downwind1

Simulations6

Underestimate2

Radiation4

Uptake1

Combustion1

Concentration3

Ammonium3

Dust4

AERONET1

Species2

Atmosphere4

20001

Averages1

UKCA2

Observations4

Infection2

Kinetic1

Seasonality1

Spectrometer1

Exposure3

Efficiency2

Global2

Spectra1

Stratosphere1

Study6

Dynamics1

Predict3

Chemistry2

Deposition1

Numerical1

Simulation2

Heterogeneous1

Data5