Mobility spectrometry gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Medical search. Frequent questions

The addition of a multi-capillary gas chromatography column using the ion mobility spectrometer as detector has been proposed in the past to increase chemical resolution. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Headspace samples above a series of in vitro bacterial cultures were directly interrogated using an aspiration type ion mobility spectrometer (a-IMS), which produced distinct profiles ("fingerprints") of ion currents generated simultaneously by the detectors present inside the ion mobility cell. (toxi-triage.eu)
The possibility of using semiconductor sensors as a replacement for the mass spectrometer or ion mobility spectrometer in gas chromatography is also being researched in order to be able to provide a cost-effective analysis tool for at-line analysis. (ifnano.de)
This high performance is due in large part to chromatographic separation of isomers and the information delivered by collision induced fragmentation of each glycan in the mass spectrometer. (scilifelab.se)
In response, Bruker is introducing the unique triple-quad (TQ) mass spectrometer EVOQ DART-TQ + , a high-performance workhorse that enables straightforward routine analysis from simplified tuning and method development through data analysis and report generation for improved efficiency and productivity. (observernewsonline.com)
Bruker launches new impact™ II VIP high-resolution QTOF mass spectrometer with the novel VIP-HESI source, delivering ultimate sensitivity for comprehensive screening and quantitation tasks. (observernewsonline.com)
The total number of grants and dollar amounts directed to proteomics was calculated based on an analysis of NIH's RePORTER database using keywords such as "proteomics," "proteome," "mass spectrometer," and "protein biomarkers. (genomeweb.com)
With new capabilities for multiplexed quantitative proteomics and native protein characterization, the Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Ascend Tribrid mass spectrometer delivers ultimate experimental throughput, versatility, and ease-of-use. (thermofisher.com)
In this article, methods developed for rapid, automated detection of CWAs and TICs using a low thermal mass capillary gas chromatograph coupled to a toroidal ion trap mass spectrometer (TMS) are presented. (spectroscopyonline.com)
Once separated by LC, the amino acids enter the mass spectrometer for detection and quantification. (pharmiweb.com)
The mass spectrometer ionizes the derivatized amino acids, generating charged ions that are subsequently analyzed based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). (pharmiweb.com)
This sensitive and robust triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is used for analysis of low (ppb) levels of environmental compounds and biomarkers. (lu.se)

Gas chromatography (GC)-MS was originally introduced in 1952, when A. T. James and A. J. P. Martin were trying to develop tandem separation - mass analysis techniques. (wikipedia.org)
For the first time, BSS techniques are used to deconvolve samples of the gas chromatography - ion mobility spectrometry tandem. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Rapid resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was also employed to identify a total of 41 chemical constituents in CRP [ 27 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
from sampling and sample preparation to analysis by chromatography (liquid and gas-LC and GC) coupled via various ionisation techniques to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS), through to data evaluation and reporting in the context of NTS. (slu.se)
A 4-min-long method was developed for the detection of seven statins and three fibrates using 10 L of plasma analyzed via reverse-phase liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)

Technologies used in physical forensics include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for explosives and fiber analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for explosives, scanning electron microscopy, capillary electrophoresis (CE), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for glass, and advanced computational methods. (worldwidelearn.com)
Enhanced techniques like Ion Mobility Spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis are being made use for the segregation of complex biological compounds (e.g.: derived peptide products). (adroitmarketresearch.com)
Separation tools is sub segmented into gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis. (marketsandmarkets.com)

The method is based on the combined use of headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) for predictive modeling. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

In This Edition Modern & Practocal Applications - Accelerating ADC Development with Mass Spectrometry - Implementing High-Resolution Ion Mobility into Peptide Mapping Workflows Chromatogr. (chromatographytoday.com)

Two approaches are described: the first involves the use of the traditional approach of gas chromatography mass spectrometry while the second approach uses a new approach based on multi-capillary column gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry (MCC-GC-IMS). (northumbria.ac.uk)

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS). Coupled chromatography - MS systems are popular in chemical analysis because the individual capabilities of each technique are enhanced synergistically. (wikipedia.org)
Through our global network of testing experts and analytical equipment including chromatography (HPLC, GC, GC/MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS, GFA, FIAS), Our goal is to provide test services as efficiently as possible to maximize our customers' profits. (alfachemic.com)
Combining mass spectrometry with separation techniques such as HPLC or CE can improve the accuracy and sensitivity of amino acid analysis. (pharmiweb.com)

The accumulation of heavy metals in spiders collected from brownfield sites is also being studied using atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry to determine if levels of heavy metals can provide information on the potential transfer of metals in the food chain. (susqu.edu)
Technologies that are currently used for field detection of CWAs and TICs include dye solubility (detection paper), enzymatic reaction, gas-solid phase reaction (Draeger tubes), surface acoustic wave (SAW), infrared spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, flame photometry, and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) (1-4). (spectroscopyonline.com)
Similarly, detection tools are categorized into nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and surface-based mass analysis. (marketsandmarkets.com)

1997. Comparison of gas chromatography and immunoassay methods for the detection of atrazine in water and soil. (cdc.gov)
The Institute for Nanophotonics in Göttingen develops analytical at-line methods for volatile aromas based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-ion spectrometry coupling. (ifnano.de)
Our solution, with its extraordinary sensitivity, precision, stability and rapid response, drastically reduces hardware and operating costs by a factor of five compared to traditional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. (hkstp.org)
We develop and optimize analytical methods for organic and organometallic compounds, using either liquid chromatography (UHPLC) or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with MS and MS/MS characterization or quantification. (lu.se)
A mixed sample is usually analyzed by separating, detecting, and identifying its components by methods that depend on differences in their properties (e.g., volatility, mobility in an electric or gravitational field, distribution between liquids that do not mix). (britannica.com)
METHODS: A mass spectrometry (MS)-based candidate RMP (cRMP) for apo(a) was developed using quantitative bottom-up proteomics targeting 3 proteotypic peptides. (cdc.gov)

An Ion Mobility Spectrometry technique is used to disseminate different types of ions which are uncommon in sizes, shapes, mass and charge in their gas form. (adroitmarketresearch.com)
ions of differing size and mass were deflected in a different degree upon their introduction of a transverse electric field, impacting finally on a series of capacitors (denominated as detectors, or channels) placed in a manner analogous to sensor arrays. (toxi-triage.eu)
DART generates ions from almost any type of sample-gas, liquid, or solid-which makes it ideal for screening or in some cases confirming the presence of explosives in either unexploded or detonated form. (labmanager.com)
For explosives, DART shows protonated and deprotonated ions, acceler ants, initiators, and mass variants of each depending on the DART method. (labmanager.com)
Mass spectrometry, analytic technique by which chemical substances are identified by the sorting of gaseous ions in electric and magnetic fields according to their mass-to-charge ratios. (britannica.com)

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a very selective and sensitive analytical technique that is used routinely in laboratory settings. (spectroscopyonline.com)
A popular method of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and studying substances that may be evaporated without decomposing is gas chromatography (GC). (massspectra.com)

While liquid chromatography separates mixtures with multiple components, mass spectrometry provides spectral information that may help to identify (or confirm the suspected identity of) each separated component. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to the liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry devices, an LC-MS system contains an interface that efficiently transfers the separated components from the LC column into the MS ion source. (wikipedia.org)
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to characterize the fecal metabolome of CD positive and negative diarrhea and healthy control stool samples. (iwp-2inhibitor.com)
Liquid Chromatography as a Game-Changer in Measuring. (chromatographytoday.com)
Photodegradation of drugs by UV radiation followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis is being studied as a convenient method to reduce the cost of disposal and to reduce the risk of improper disposal. (susqu.edu)
Separation of Isomeric O-Glycans by Ion Mobility and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. (scilifelab.se)
Porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry ( PGCLC-MS) is arguably the gold-standard for the structural characterization of glycoconjugates, especially complex mixtures typical in biological samples. (scilifelab.se)
Featuring the first and only fully integrated DART™ (Direct Analysis in Real Time) ionization source, the EVOQ DART-TQ + eliminates complex and time-consuming gas or liquid chromatography for many point-of-need routine workflows. (observernewsonline.com)
After derivatization, the amino acids are separated using liquid chromatography. (pharmiweb.com)
Vapor-phase chromatography (VPC) or gas-liquid partition chromatography is other names for gas chromatography (GLPC). (massspectra.com)
Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). (massspectra.com)

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC): A Powerful. (chromatographytoday.com)
She uses both basic techniques such as gas chromatography - flame ionisation detection to support applied analysis, along with advanced techniques such as supercritical fluid chromatography - ion mobility mass spectrometry (SFC-timsTOF). (lu.se)

Briefcase-sized gas chromatography-mass spectrometers (GC-MS) have been commercially available since about 1996. (intlabsnet.com)
Simultaneously, mass spectrometers (MSs) and gas chromatographs (GCs) have undergone democratization through miniaturization, simplification, enhanced user-friendliness, and applicability to specific tasks. (labmanager.com)

The coupling of chromatography with MS is a well developed chemical analysis strategy dating back from the 1950s. (wikipedia.org)
This pioneer interface for LC-MS had the same analysis capabilities of GC-MS and was limited to rather volatile analytes and non-polar compounds with low molecular mass (below 400 Da). (wikipedia.org)
Several techniques exist to perform BSS on Ion Mobility Spectrometry, being Simple-to-use interactive self-modeling mixture analysis (SIMPLISMA) and Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) the most commonly used. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Finally, selected examples of the application of chromatography for the analysis of malodour are presented. (northumbria.ac.uk)
It provides an additional dimension of resolution to the mass analysis. (adroitmarketresearch.com)
Chromatography Techniques used in Shellfish Analysis. (chromatographytoday.com)
These adsorption tubes were subsequently analyzed using thermal desorption - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). This second dataset was intended to produce a qualitative analysis of the volatiles present in the headspace above the bacterial cultures. (toxi-triage.eu)
At the 71 st ASMS meeting, Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR) highlights its commitment to develop novel technology and improved mass spec workflows for the applied markets requirements of robustness, ease-of-use, and highest confidence in food/beverage, forensic/toxicology, industrial and environmental analysis. (observernewsonline.com)
Improved detection, versatility, and sensitivity for protein complex subunit analysis and biopharmaceutical characterization with an extended optional mass range up to m/z 16,000. (thermofisher.com)
Multiple fragmentation techniques - CID and HCD with optional UVPD, ETD, PCTR - are available at any stage of MS, with subsequent mass analysis in either the ion trap or ultra-high resolution Orbitrap mass analyzer. (thermofisher.com)
Although most experience within the NORMAN network still involves water analysis of polar compounds using LC-HRMS/MS, other matrices (sediment, soil, biota, dust, air) and instrumentation (GC, ion mobility) are covered, reflecting the rapid development and extension of the field. (slu.se)
For example, while MS is a sensitive and selective detection technology and is valuable for identifying unknown compounds from their characteristic mass spectral fragmentation patterns, its singular use for analysis of complex matrices found in real-world samples might not provide optimal results. (spectroscopyonline.com)
However, MS coupled with a separation technique such as gas chromatography (GC) enables two-dimensional analysis, which provides significantly greater capability for identification of compounds in complex mixtures. (spectroscopyonline.com)
Gas chromatographic (GC) analysis is a fast and efficient method for qualitative analysis by comparing with the retention time of standard materials. (alfachemic.com)
Compared with mass spectrometry, IMS does not need vacuum and special gas system, and has the advantages of simple analysis process, low cost, small equipment size and low energy consumption, so it is often used in conjunction with GC technology to detect gas. (alfachemic.com)
GC-IMS technology is currently the latest international gas analysis technology. (alfachemic.com)
Gas chromatography is suitable for the analysis of complex protein samples. (pharmiweb.com)
Gas chromatography mass spectrometry is also available for the analysis of volatile compounds, as well as a state-of-the-art pipetting robot for automated sample preparation. (lu.se)

Bruker implements the new TargetScreener™ 4D which brings the power of TIMS (trapped ion mobility spectrometry) to analyte screening and quantitation. (observernewsonline.com)
Trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) combined with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF). (lu.se)

It separates and analyzes substances based on the molecular mass, charge, and collision interface of the analyzed substance, and has the ability to separate mixtures similar to chromatography. (alfachemic.com)

Growing use of mass spectrometry in proteomics, metabolomics and pharmaceutical industries and trend of miniaturization will surely widened the Ion Mobility Spectrometry market. (adroitmarketresearch.com)

Allows identification and quantification of amino acids by measuring their mass-to-charge ratio. (pharmiweb.com)

This is typical of diverse instrumental techniques such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) or Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS). (ibecbarcelona.eu)
The oxidation state and molecular coordination of Se in the purified Se nanostructures as well as the volatile Se species, by means of microscopic, spectroscopic, and gas chromatographic techniques, indicated their lower mobility and chemo-toxicity. (ugr.es)
IMS techniques have received an increased interest as new instrumentation and have become available to be coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). For each of the eight types of IMS instruments reviewed it is mentioned whether they can be hyphenated with MS and whether they are commercially available. (reutlingen-university.de)
The current review article is followed by a companion review article which details the IMS hyphenated techniques (mainly gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) and the factors that make the data from an IMS device change as a function of device parameters and sampling conditions. (reutlingen-university.de)
Detection has been optimised using large volume injection techniques (LVI) for gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (LVI-GC/MS) by means of a Programmed Temperature Vaporising (PTV) injector. (europa.eu)
For trace and complex mixture analyses, mass spectrometric (MS) techniques are required. (intlabsnet.com)

For soil, traditional remediation strategies, such as soil vapor extraction and low-temperature thermal desorption, will continue to be effective at mass removal of contaminants such as MTBE in the right types of soil. (sdbj.com)

The traditional chromatography and electrophoresis are now increasingly complemented by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) in gases. (wbmsdg.org)
Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS), also known as plasma chromatography and gas phase electrophoresis, is an electrophoresis technique in a gas phase environment. (alfachemic.com)

IonSense has teamed with Waters, a leader in both LC and LC-MS, to produce ambient ionization-capable mass detectors which, according to Musselman, are "highly reliable, and about as small as you can get with high performance-that is, the ability to obtain the mass of an ion in seconds. (labmanager.com)

That is conceptually parallel to NMR, enabling a fundamentally new approach to molecular structure characterization based on gas-phase isotopic shifts. (wbmsdg.org)

CE separates amino acids based on their electrophoretic mobility in a capillary filled with a buffer solution. (pharmiweb.com)

Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used and `well-known' technique of ion separation in the gaseous phase based on the differences in ion mobilities under an electric field. (reutlingen-university.de)

An Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is an extreme separation technique which defines chemical substances based on their gas form ion mobilities. (adroitmarketresearch.com)
As a powerful separation technique, chromatography routinely takes dozens of minutes to complete a cycle [ 29 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Chromatography, technique for separating the components, or solutes, of a mixture on the basis of the relative amounts of each solute distributed between a moving fluid stream, called the mobile phase, and a contiguous stationary phase. (britannica.com)

Or characterize the largest biopharmaceuticals with optional mass range up to m/z 16,000. (thermofisher.com)
The aircraft measurements were complemented by a well-instrumented ground site within the Sacramento urban source area and a downwind receptor site near Cool, CA, to characterize the diurnal evolution of meteorological variables, trace gases/aerosol precursors, and aerosol composition and properties in freshly polluted and aged urban air. (arm.gov)

Miniaturization of mass spectrometry (MS) for field measurements has been pursued intensively over the past decade. (spectroscopyonline.com)

Beyond the commercialisation of medical technology, in 2022, LaSense also launched the first batch of domestically produced high-precision greenhouse gas analysers in the field of carbon neutrality. (hkstp.org)

Jeffrey Zonderman, President of the Bruker Applied Mass Spectrometry division, commented: "With the world's first fully integrated DART-TQ-MS system, we are pioneering chromatography-free workflows for the applied markets and for point-of-need mass spec applications. (observernewsonline.com)

DART ionizes compounds by combining thermal desorption to vaporize the sample, and Penning ionization to generate an ionizing gas region that surrounds sample molecules. (labmanager.com)
Where a GC separation might take 15 to 30 minutes, DART ionization takes a few seconds, and provides much more information-the mass peaks defined by the GC trace, plus additional compounds. (labmanager.com)
It works by process ing mass spectra collected by tweaking the inlet voltage of the mass detector to generate fragment peaks that are diagnostic for specific compounds of interest. (labmanager.com)
Routine work includes determination of molecular formula and accurate mass with an accuracy of ± 1 mDa of compounds with m/z up to 3000 mDa. (lu.se)

The nonlinear method of differential or field asymmetric waveform IMS (FAIMS) based on the difference between mobilities at high and low electric fields is much more orthogonal to MS than linear IMS based on absolute mobility, which enables exceptionally specific isomer separations. (wbmsdg.org)
A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method like EPA Method 8260b is a better choice if you suspect MTBE. (sdbj.com)
The present work systematically quantifies the impact on soot moments, soot related statistical correlations and Particle Size Distributions (PSDs) using a fully coupled transported joint probability density function (JPDF) method featuring a 78-dimensional joint-scalar space, including enthalpy, gas phase species with the PSD discretised using 62 size classes via a mass and number density preserving sectional method. (imperial.ac.uk)
A mass and number density preserving sectional model is here combined with a transported joint-scalar probability density function (JDPF) method that enables a fully coupled scalar space of soot, gas-phase species and enthalpy. (imperial.ac.uk)

Airports, a venue where explosives are of tremen dous concern, use ion mobility instrumentation to screen for bombs. (labmanager.com)

Samples of air with a 5 cm3 volume from the headspace above the bacterial cultures in agar growth medium were collected using a gas-tight chromatographic syringe and injected inside the closed-loop pneumatic circuit of the breadboard a-IMS instrument model ChemPro-100i (Environics Oy, Finland), at a distance of about 1 cm from the ionization source. (toxi-triage.eu)

The many types of chromatography are increasingly useful, particularly with biological and biochemical samples. (britannica.com)

GC can be used in preparative chromatography to separate pure substances from a mixture. (massspectra.com)

The molecular diffusivities of larger PAHs and soot particles approach zero leading to differential diffusion with gas-phase species. (imperial.ac.uk)

Overall, the interface is a mechanically simple part of the LC-MS system that transfers the maximum amount of analyte, removes a significant portion of the mobile phase used in LC and preserves the chemical identity of the chromatography products (chemically inert). (wikipedia.org)
In GC, the analytes are eluted from the separation column as a gas and the connection with electron ionization (EI) or chemical ionization (CI) ion sources in the MS system was a technically simpler challenge. (wikipedia.org)
The canister samples were analyzed using a pre-concentrator and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. (cdc.gov)
The average particle mass concentrations of background, without LEV, wall suction and smoke evacuation system measured with the DustTrak were 3, 24, 8 and 3 ug m-3, respectively. (cdc.gov)
Finally, the reduction of SeIV to volatile methylated species (DMDSe and DMSeS) was detected using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. (ugr.es)

However, one variety of mass spectrometry - ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been used in airport security applications since the late 1980s. (intlabsnet.com)

Short chromatography times lead to high levels of co-elution, and ion mobility spectra are key to resolve them. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Due to its mobility, high concentration levels, and persistence in the environment, technologies that have proven effective for gasoline releases without MTBE, such as bioremediation, are much less successful at cleanup of MTBE in groundwater. (sdbj.com)
and mass spectrometry (high-pressure mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). (intlabsnet.com)
Building on the proven reliability of the impact QTOF series, new technical innovations further enhance the sensitivity of the impact II VIP in Full-Sensitivity High-Resolution mode with no compromise in high-performance mass resolution, sensitivity, and dynamic range. (observernewsonline.com)

The impact of differential diffusion between soot and gas-phase particles is included by a gradual decline of diffusivity among soot sections. (imperial.ac.uk)
The importance of differential diffusion between soot and gas-phase species intensifies with pressure with the impact on PSDs more evident for larger particles which tend to be transported towards the fuel rich centreline leading to reduced soot oxidation. (imperial.ac.uk)

The mass spectrometry segment is anticipated to hold the largest share of the market across various regions during the forecast period. (adroitmarketresearch.com)

The North American Region has been dominating the global market of ion spectrometry for over a decade. (adroitmarketresearch.com)

Saw this interesting article on Slashdot about research being done in University of Surrey in which they claim to be able to detect the use of cocaine by testing fingerprints using ambient mass spectrometry. (suramya.com)

All IMS instruments operate with an electric field that provides space separation, but some IMS instruments also operate with a drift gas flow that provides also a temporal separation. (reutlingen-university.de)

This study thus highlights the potential environmental significance of microbial processes for the mobility and toxicity of selenium in future repositories, which in turn contribute to their safe implementation. (ugr.es)

We are a service facility equipped with unique technology and experienced scientists in the field of mass spectrometry. (lu.se)

Ion Mobility Spectrometry is effective in analysing several samples such as breath, faeces, urine, breath and other biological samples. (adroitmarketresearch.com)
For samples collected through swabbing, analytes flow directly into the DART gas stream, where they ionize, typically by addition of a proton to the intact molecule. (labmanager.com)

Demonstration of m/z 16,000 mass range on purified GroEL 800 kDa protein on a single Orbitrap scan at 7500 resolution at m/z 200. (thermofisher.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms7

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs79

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment46

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care10

Spectrometer12

Tandem5

Capillary electrophoresis3

Headspace gas1

Accelerating ADC Development1

Multi-capillary1

HPLC3

Spectroscopy3

Methods6

Ions5

Analytical2

Liquid11

Supercritical2

Spectrometers2

Analysis18

TIMS2

Mixtures1

Metabolomics1

Quantification1

Techniques6

Contaminants1

Electrophoresis2

Detectors1

Characterization1

Separates1

Differences1

Technique3

Characterize2

Miniaturization1

20221

Bruker1

Compounds4

Method4

Instrumentation1

Chromatographic1

Increasingly1

Mixture1

Molecular1

System5

Applications1

High4

Differential2

Segment1

Decade1

Ambient1

Drift1

Highlights1

Field1

Samples2

Resolution1