BenzeneEthylbenzeneSolventsXylolIsomers of xyleneEthanolDimethylPetroleumBinary mixturesSolvent mixturesHydrocarbonsStyreneAlcoholsMethyl groupsVaporAnisoleParaffinAromaticGasolineCompoundsOrthoOdorExposurePreparationMolarWidelySyntheticConsists of a mixturePaintChemicalsSubstanceWorkersAcidReaction mixtureWaterTotalSlidesWasteFoundChemicalProcessLiquidOral
Benzene10
- Xylenes are produced mainly as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) extracted from the product of catalytic reforming known as reformate. (wikipedia.org)
- Xylenes are produced by the methylation of toluene and benzene. (wikipedia.org)
- To elucidate this, the operability of a modified Petlyuk process with a reboiler at the bottom of the prefractionator for the separation of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene ternary mixture. (elsevierpure.com)
- A xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring with two methyl substituents. (lookchem.com)
- Preparation of xylene: Xylenes are produced by dehydrocyclodimerization and by methylating of toluene and benzene. (lookchem.com)
- The key aromatic hydrocarbons of commercial interest are benzene , toluene , ortho -xylene , and para -xylene. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
- Chapter Three describes the development and optimisation of an automated flow injection manifold coupled with a Fourier transform infrared detector for the determination of toluene, ethyl benzene and o-xylene in an n-hexane matrix by univariate calibration. (bl.uk)
- Other information on identity and properties Physical state: White crystalline solid (pure) Amber waxy solid (technical) Melting point: 40 C (pure) Solubility: Water - about 4 g/ml Benzene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, anisole, cyclohexanone, chloroform - 1 g/ml [xylene - 0.125 g/ml petroleum ether, cyclohexane - insoluble Volatility: Very low. (inchem.org)
- Doh M.S.: Measurement of the Vapor-liquid Equilibria and the Excess Molar Volumes of Benzene, Toluene and p-Xylene Mixtures with Alcohols(C1-C4). (ddbst.com)
- They may be grouped further into aliphatic-chain compounds, such as n -hexane, and as aromatic compounds with a 6-carbon ring, such as benzene or xylene. (medscape.com)
Ethylbenzene5
- Mixed xylenes refers to a mixture of the xylenes plus ethylbenzene. (wikipedia.org)
- Commercial or laboratory-grade xylene produced usually contains about 40-65% of m-xylene and up to 20% each of o-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene. (wikipedia.org)
- Mixed xylene is a mixture of the three isomers and usually also contains 6-15% ethylbenzene. (cdc.gov)
- MX consists of a mixture of three isomers: o-, m-, p-Xylene, and ethylbenzene. (polymerupdate.com)
- Audiograms should also be provided in the absence of noise when ethylbenzene, styrene, toluene, or xylene exposures are present in the workplace. (cdc.gov)
Solvents7
- In the petroleum industry, xylene is also a frequent component of paraffin solvents, used when the tubing becomes clogged with paraffin wax. (wikipedia.org)
- Along with other solvents, xylene is also widely used as a cleaning agent, a thinner for paint, and in varnishes. (cdc.gov)
- Uses of xylene: Like other solvents, Xylene (CAS NO.1330-20-7) is also used as an inhalant drug for its intoxicating properties. (lookchem.com)
- Do not use soap or cleaning solutions that contain alcohol, ketones, xylene, acetates or solvents (mineral/ white spirits). (lojer.com)
- Regardless of whether the solvent is virgin xylene or petroleum naptha, the solvents are used as ingredients in the formulation of the paint. (paintcenter.org)
- As mentioned above, paint sludge resulting from the overspray of thinned paint does not meet the criteria for an F003 waste, since the solvents (in this case, petroleum naptha and xylene) are ingredients in the formulation of the paint. (paintcenter.org)
- 6. If the paint sludge that results is properly classified as an F003 waste (because it contains >1% xylene), and it is processed using a distilling device that removes all of the solvent and water from the paint sludge, is the resulting 'cooked' sludge an F003 waste even though it no longer contains solvents? (paintcenter.org)
Xylol1
- Xylene is also known as xylol or dimethylbenzene. (cdc.gov)
Isomers of xylene3
- The physical properties of the isomers of xylene differ slightly. (wikipedia.org)
- The term total xylenes refers to all three isomers of xylene ( m -, o -, and p -xylene). (cdc.gov)
- Isomers of xylene are used in the manufacture of certain polymers (chemical compounds), such as plastics. (cdc.gov)
Ethanol1
- Histologic sections were processed by using xylene and ethanol for paraffin removal and were then rehydrated. (cdc.gov)
Dimethyl1
- p-Xylene is the principal precursor to terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate, both monomers used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and polyester clothing. (wikipedia.org)
Petroleum5
- Chemical industries produce xylene from petroleum. (cdc.gov)
- Xylene also occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar and is formed during forest fires, to a small extent. (cdc.gov)
- Furthermore, you indi- cated that the virgin petroleum naptha solvent contains certain solvent constituents that are also included under the F001-F005 spent solvent listings (e.g., xylene and toluene). (paintcenter.org)
- 2. If virgin xylene were used in lieu of petroleum naptha to thin the paint, is the paint sludge that results an F003 waste (>1% xylene by weight in paint sludge)? (paintcenter.org)
- 5. If petroleum naptha and xylene were used to thin the paint (and the resulting mixture contained >10% xylene by volume), is the paint sludge that results an F003 waste? (paintcenter.org)
Binary mixtures2
- Experimental liquid densities of decane and of CO 2 (1) + decane (2) binary mixtures (at five different compositions, x 1 = 0.0551, 0.2369, 0.4536, 0.8114, and 0.9663) were measured from (313 to 363) K and at pressures up to 25 MPa. (acs.org)
- Thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures containing ketones. (nist.gov)
Solvent mixtures2
- Specifically, when workers are exposed to noise and ototoxicants such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, lead, and solvent mixtures, ACGIH suggests that employers should conduct periodic audiograms. (cdc.gov)
- However, most occupational exposures involved solvent mixtures. (medscape.com)
Hydrocarbons1
- Gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. (edocr.com)
Styrene1
- They are extracted from complex mixtures obtained by the refining of oil or by distillation of coal tar, and are used to produce a range of important chemicals and polymers, including styrene, phenol , aniline , polyester , and nylon . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Alcohols2
- Xylenes form azeotropes with water and a variety of alcohols. (wikipedia.org)
- Galska-Krajewska A.: Vpour-Liquid Equilibria in Binary Systems: p-Xylene-Aliphatic Alcohols at 760 mm Hg. (ddbst.com)
Methyl groups2
- Generally, two kinds of reactions occur with xylenes: those involving the methyl groups and those involving the ring C-H bonds. (wikipedia.org)
- Being benzylic and hence weakened, the C-H bonds of the methyl groups are susceptible to free-radical reactions, including halogenation to the corresponding xylene dichlorides (bis(chloromethyl)benzenes), while mono-bromination yields xylyl bromide, a tear gas agent. (wikipedia.org)
Vapor2
- An acute-duration inhalation MRL of 2 ppm is based on a minimal LOAEL of 50 ppm (217 mg/m3) for mild objective and subjective respiratory effects and subjective neurological effects in subjects exposed to m- xylene vapor for 2 hours (Ernstgard et al. (cdc.gov)
- 217 mg/m3) for a small decrease in the latency of the paw-lick response in male rats exposed to m- xylene vapor 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 3 months (Korsak et al. (cdc.gov)
Anisole1
- KO t Bu was chosen as the base and a xylene/anisole mixture as the solvent. (chemistryviews.org)
Paraffin1
- Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining. (wikipedia.org)
Aromatic1
- The mixture is assumed to obey Raoult's law since it is composed of only aromatic compounds with Antoine constants taken from Aspen HYSYS . (wolfram.com)
Compounds3
- The azeotrope with water consists of 60% xylenes and boils at 94.5 °C. As with many alkylbenzene compounds, xylenes form complexes with various halocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
- A xylene is any of a group of very similar organic compounds. (lookchem.com)
- 3 9 11 12 Cleaning and disinfecting products constitute a complex mixture of chemicals that include irritants (eg, bleach and ammonia) and sensitisers (eg, quaternary ammonium compounds and ethanolamines) that have been characterised as asthmagens by several organisations, including the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics. (cdc.gov)
Ortho2
- The major application of ortho-xylene is as a precursor to phthalate esters, used as plasticizer. (wikipedia.org)
- meta -xylene, ortho -xylene, and para -xylene ( m -, o -, and p -xylene). (cdc.gov)
Odor1
- The odor of xylene is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 to 3.7 ppm (parts of xylene per million parts of air) and can be tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm. (wikipedia.org)
Exposure1
- This public health statement tells you about xylene and the effects of exposure to it. (cdc.gov)
Preparation2
- DNA extraction, preparation of the reaction mixture, PCR amplification, and detection were conducted in different areas under a laminar flow hood. (cdc.gov)
- In biochemistry, xylene is also used for making slides of specimens hydrophobic in preparation for coverslip mounting. (lookchem.com)
Molar1
- The measured data were highly reproducible, and yielded high-precision molar absorbance coefficients for C60 and C70 in o-xylene and o-dichlorobenzene, which both exhibit a high solubility for these fullerenes, and offer the prospect of improved extraction efficiency. (hud.ac.uk)
Widely1
- In histology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic4
- Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels, and as a solvent to remove synthetic immersion oil from the microscope objective in light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
- Xylene is primarily a synthetic chemical. (cdc.gov)
- Xylene is used, to a lesser extent, as a material in the chemical, plastics, and synthetic fiber industries and as an ingredient in the coating of fabrics and papers. (cdc.gov)
- In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectra are acquired of experimentally designed synthetic mixtures of the above analytes using the automated Fl manifold, and the multivariate calibration algorithms PGR, PLS1 and PLS2 are employed to quantify individual species. (bl.uk)
Consists of a mixture1
- Hydrolyzed by alkali Optical Vamidothion consists of a mixture of optically isomerism: active isomers. (inchem.org)
Paint2
- 1% xylene in paint sludge)? (paintcenter.org)
- Using xylene to clean the spray guns constitutes use for its solvent properties because the xylene solubilizes (dissolves) other constituents (i.e., paint). (paintcenter.org)
Chemicals2
- Xylene is one of the top 30 chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume. (cdc.gov)
- Since xylene evaporates easily, most xylene that gets into soil and water (if not trapped underground) is expected to go into the air where it is broken down by sunlight into other less harmful chemicals within a couple of days. (cdc.gov)
Substance1
- Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for this substance is not known, the possibility exists that the number of sites at which xylene is found may increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. (cdc.gov)
Workers1
- A chronic-duration inhalation MRL of 0.05 ppm is based on a LOAEL of 14 ppm (geometric mean) for mild subjective respiratory and neurological symptoms in workers exposed to 70% xylene 8 hours/day, 5 days/week for 1-7 years (Uchida et al. (cdc.gov)
Acid3
- The demand for isophthalic acid is relatively modest, so m-xylene is rarely sought (and hence the utility of its conversion to the o- and p-isomers). (wikipedia.org)
- In one large-scale application, para-xylene is converted to terephthalic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Meta-xylene is converted to isophthalic acid derivatives, which are components of alkyd resins. (wikipedia.org)
Reaction mixture1
- The use of a simplex designed calibration set to mimic spectral changes in the reaction mixture to facilitate multivariate calibration is also presented. (bl.uk)
Water4
- The international and national regulations and guidelines regarding xylenes in air, water, and other media are summarized in Table 8-1. (cdc.gov)
- Most people begin to smell xylene in air at 0.08-3.7 parts of xylene per million parts of air (ppm) and in water at 0.53-1.1 ppm. (cdc.gov)
- Xylene can also enter soil, water, or air in large amounts after an accidental spill or as a result of an environmental leak during storage or burial at a waste site. (cdc.gov)
- Clean the entire surface using a mixture of 1:1 (neutral pH) and water. (lojer.com)
Total1
Slides1
- After staining, microscope slides are put in xylene prior to mounting with a coverslip. (wikipedia.org)
Waste2
- Take contaminated antifreeze mixtures (motor oil/antifreeze mixture) to Household Hazardous Waste staff. (fairfaxcounty.gov)
- As such, spent xylene that is generated from this cleaning practice would be covered by the spent solvent listings, specifically Hazardous Waste No. F003. (paintcenter.org)
Found1
- Xylene has been found in at least 840 of the 1,684 current or former NPL sites. (cdc.gov)
Chemical2
- 3] F. B. Petlyuk, V. M. Platonov, and D. M. Slavinskii, 'Thermodynamically Optimal Method for Separating Multicomponent Mixtures,' International Journal of Chemical Engineering , 5 (3), 1965 pp. 555-561. (wolfram.com)
- Correlates of non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical mixtures among reproductive-aged Black women in Detroit, Michigan. (cdc.gov)
Process2
- The ratio of isomers can be shifted to favor the highly valued p-xylene via the patented UOP-Isomar process or by transalkylation of xylene with itself or trimethylbenzene. (wikipedia.org)
- Via the Isomar process, the ratio of isomers can be shifted to favor p-xylene, which is most valued. (lookchem.com)
Liquid1
- Here, we report for the first time, an efficient and scalable gas-phase liquid injection CVD approach using a ferocene/xylene mixture for the infiltration of arrays of high-quality CNTs in pretreated Ni nanofoam. (confex.com)