Mitotic spindle checkpoint cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

If there is a signal of a defect in the attachment, mitosis will be stopped to ensure that all chromosomes have an amphitelic binding to spindles. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition of NEK6 can lead to the termination of mitosis, chromatin spindle defects, and abnormal chromosomal differentiation [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
The G 2 gap phase further separates S-phase from mitosis, allowing for continued cell growth and maturation before cell division. (rupress.org)
Thus, the products of chromosome replication (sister chromatids) generated during S-phase must be identified over time until mitosis when sisters associate with the mitotic spindle and segregate away from each other into the newly forming daughter cells. (rupress.org)
Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
Plk1, the most thoroughly characterized member among the mammalian Plks, has multiple important roles in mitosis and cytokinesis, such as centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, activation of the anaphase promoting complex, chromosome segregation and execution of cytokinesis [ 3 , 4 , 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
As each chromosome contains a single centromere, it remains unclear how acentric fragments derived from shattered chromosomes are inherited between daughter cells during mitosis 6 . (nature.com)
Here we tracked micronucleated chromosomes with live-cell imaging and show that acentric fragments cluster in close spatial proximity throughout mitosis for asymmetric inheritance by a single daughter cell. (nature.com)
During mitosis, a spindle checkpoint detects chromosome misalignment and halts the cell cycle progression. (ox.ac.uk)
We have already written a detailed blogpost about the characteristic phases of mitosis but as a reminder, metaphase describes the stage when the cell's chromosomes align along an invisible line in the center of the cell called the metaphasic plate. (nanolive.ch)
Cells entering mitosis in the presence of Taxol form abnormal spindles that contain additional spindle poles. (nanolive.ch)
PSMA-expressing cells prematurely degrade cyclin B and exit mitosis due to increased APC activity and incomplete inactivation of APC by the spindle assembly checkpoint. (nih.gov)
But what all these life forms have in common is that their genetic code is copied from cell to cell thanks to the process of mitosis, whereby the nucleus of a cell splits into two before the cell divides. (visionlearning.com)
The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
The rate at which mitosis occurs depends on the cell type. (visionlearning.com)
Our results establish a crucial role for E4F during early embryonic cell cycles and reveal an unexpected function for E4F in mitosis. (cnrs.fr)
This form of division is termed closed mitosis, and it is considered to be the most ancient mechanism of eukaryotic cell division. (iu.edu)
Plasmodium falciparum begins mitosis with an intact NE and assembles an intranuclear mitotic spindle. (iu.edu)
Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity via a small interfering RNA or a kinase inhibitor results in mitosis delay, abnormal spindle formation, and chromosome misalignment. (amegroups.org)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the growth of new blood vessels that feed tumors and kinesin spindle protein (KSP) plays a critical role in mitosis involving in cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
As a new member of the kinesin superfamily of microtubule-based motors, kinesin Eg5, also called kinesin spindle protein (KSP) or KIF11 participates in mitosis, by separating the microtubules that are attached to the two centrosomes, and contributing to the bipolar arrangement of the spindles[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Many chemotherapeutic agents explore defects in the cell cycle machinery of cancer cells to halt the cycle through mitosis inhibition. (medicalxpress.com)
However, existing mitosis-targeting chemotherapeutic agents do not discriminate between healthy and malignant cell lines, resulting in severe side-effects . (medicalxpress.com)
The challenge therefore is to identify molecular targets associated with mitosis of cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Cell mitosis is an attractive target to effectively treat a variety of cancer forms, where microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) assist cells to maintain the stability of cell dynamics. (medicalxpress.com)
The Nek2 subfamily includes Aspergillus nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek family, which was identified in a screen for cell cycle mutants prevented from entering mitosis. (umbc.edu)
NIMA is essential for mitotic entry and progression through mitosis, and its degradation is essential for mitotic exit. (umbc.edu)
The process of cell division or mitosis is tightly regulated and complex. (survivinpathway.com)
Human cancer cells are usually seen as a changes in the amount or organization of DNA because of mistakes in mitosis, causing chromosome instability and aneuploidy. (survivinpathway.com)
Development through mitosis depends upon three major regulatory systems, each involving several serine/threonine kinases, referred to as mitotic kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
Cell cycle analysis revealed arsenite-sensitive cells arrested in mitosis whereas arsenite-resistant cells did not, suggesting that induction of mitotic arrest occurs at lower intracellular arsenic concentrations. (uky.edu)
These results demonstrate that Cdk2-E activity is required for centrosome duplication during S phase and suggest a mechanism that could coordinate centrosome reproduction with cycles of DNA synthesis and mitosis. (umassmed.edu)

The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
Taxol disrupts normal microtubule dynamics, activating the spindle checkpoint, which triggers mitotic arrest and/or cell death via apoptosis [3,4]. (nanolive.ch)
Embryos lacking E4F die at the peri-implantation stage, while in vitro-cultured E4F(-/-) blastocysts exhibit defects in mitotic progression, chromosomal missegregation, and increased apoptosis. (cnrs.fr)
GSEA showed that high-risk patients were highly associated with apoptosis, cell cycle, ribosome, base excision repair, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and mismatch repair. (biomedcentral.com)
It also exhibited greater suppression on cell proliferation as well as cell migration or invasion capabilities and induction of apoptosis in Hep3B cells than single siRNA simultaneously. (biomedcentral.com)
Silencing of VEGF and KSP plays a key role in inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inducing apoptosis of Hep3B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The mode of arsenite-induced cell death was apoptosis. (uky.edu)
Arsenite-induced apoptosis is associated with cell cycle alterations. (uky.edu)
Normally, these cells are eliminated by apoptosis. (medscape.com)
mdm2 sequesters p53 and inhibits its function as G1-S checkpoint controller and apoptosis inducer. (medscape.com)

Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BUB3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The components that are essential for the spindle assembly checkpoint in yeast have been determined to be Bub1, Bub3, Mad1, Mad2, Mad3, and the increasingly important Mps1 (a protein kinase). (wikipedia.org)
Glc7p functions in opposition to key spindle assembly checkpoint protein Aurora kinase (Ipl1p). (yeastgenome.org)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
MAD2, standing for mitotic arrest deficient 2, is a spindle checkpoint protein that plays an integral role in the human body. (prospecbio.com)
In tem1Δ cells expressing a Cnm67-Tem1 fusion protein, Cdc15-3HA (red) loads pr. (ucsd.edu)
The function of this protein in normal cell physiology remains largely unknown. (cnrs.fr)
However, no sigificant difference in the mRNA and protein levels of ANG2, involving inhibition of angiogenesis was found in HUVECs cultured with supernatant of Hep3B cells treated with siRNA cocktail, compared to that of VEGF-siRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
One such protein is the cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), widely expressed in a variety of cells to regulate the dynamics of microtubules in human cells. (medicalxpress.com)
We transfected cells with Rap1 targeting or scrambled siRNA and then done protein Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection transfection of the GST fused constitutively active type of Rac1. (survivinpathway.com)
Inhibition of glutathione synthesis, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transporter function attenuated arsenite resistance, consistent with studies suggesting that arsenite is extruded from the cell as a glutathione conjugate by MRP-1. (uky.edu)
The lack of arsenite-induced mitotic arrest in resistant cell lines was associated with a weakened spindle checkpoint resulting from reduced expression of spindle checkpoint protein BUBR1. (uky.edu)

Because proper chromosome separation requires that every kinetochore be attached to a bundle of microtubules (spindle fibres), it is thought that unattached kinetochores generate a signal to prevent premature progression to anaphase without all chromosomes being aligned. (cikgunaza.com)
However, most fragments derived from pulverized chromosomes are acentric and cannot directly bind to spindle microtubules 14 . (nature.com)
It is a cytoskeletal drug, which binds to a specific site on β-tubulin [2], a major component of the microtubules that form the structure and shape of eukaryotic cells. (nanolive.ch)
Taxol works by stabilizing the microtubule polymer, preventing the disassembly of microtubules during the fourth phase of cell division, metaphase [3,4]. (nanolive.ch)
Only when all chromosomes are aligned, and every kinetochore is properly attached to a bundle of microtubules, can the cell proceed to enter anaphase. (nanolive.ch)

The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
Here we identify two critical motifs within BubR1M that contribute to Cdc20 binding and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome inhibition: a destruction box (D box) and a phenylalanine-containing motif termed the Phe box.ABubR1 mutant lacking these motifs is defective in MCC maintenance in mitotic human cells but is capable of supporting spindle-checkpoint function. (elsevierpure.com)
This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)
We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)

The oncogenic kinase PLK1 controls cell cycle and growth and is a cancer therapeutic target. (childrenscolorado.org)
Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in rapidly dividing normal cells and is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including Group 3 medulloblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
ATM is a cell cycle checkpoint kinase and is important in the DNA damage response. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
It also interacts with other mitotic kinases such as Polo-like kinase 1 and may play a role in spindle checkpoint. (umbc.edu)
Right chromosome segregation is closely controlled by mitotic kinases such as cyclin dependent NIMA related kinase 2, Pololike kinase, kinase 1 and Aurora kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
The mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is a key regulator of the Spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures the correct chromosome segregation. (lu.se)

miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
For instance, DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoints delay cell cycle progression until each chromosome is fully replicated and physically intact. (rupress.org)
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of essential biological processes associated with the development and progression of leukemias, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), an oncogenic human retrovirus originally discovered in a patient with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. (bvsalud.org)
These findings have indicated that the important role of KSP in mitotic progression makes it an significant candidate of anticancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)
In certain types of cells, chromosomes do not line up at the metaphase plate and instead move back and forth between the poles randomly, only roughly lining up along the midline. (cikgunaza.com)
Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
Mitotic clustering facilitates the reassembly of acentric fragments into rearranged chromosomes lacking the extensive DNA copy-number losses that are characteristic of canonical chromothripsis. (nature.com)
Interactions of the meiotic spindle with mitotic chromosomes in GV mouse oocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
This research employed a unique model in the mouse, mitotic chromosomes transferred to meiotic cytoplasts to investigate whether a meiotic oocyte's microtubule apparatus can effectively separate mitotic metaphase chromosomes, and whether a spindle checkpoint exists during its division. (ox.ac.uk)
When mitotic chromosomes were transferred into enucleated or intact mouse GV oocytes, the first bipolar meiotic spindles were established and the reconstructed oocytes were able to extrude polar bodies. (ox.ac.uk)
The data indicate that a spindle checkpoint, providing surveillance of misaligned chromosomes, was overridden or compromised by the incompatibility between somatic chromosomes and meiotic spindles during the first meiotic division. (ox.ac.uk)
Rather than mounting a long-term mitotic arrest, these cells enter anaphase and divide their chromosomes in multiple directions, resulting in a multi-nucleated cell. (nanolive.ch)
Chromosomes are made of a material called chromatin, which is dispersed throughout the cell nucleus during interphase. (visionlearning.com)
In Cell Division I: The Cell Cycle , we learned that Flemming observed how chromosomes became visible in patterns that repeated each time the cells of fire salamanders divided. (visionlearning.com)
I-t involves the synthesis of a microtubule and the full intracellular reorganization based device, which segregates the 2 identical copies of the chromosomes between daughter cells. (survivinpathway.com)

As one of the checkpoint proteins, Bub3 delays the irreversible onset of anaphase through direction of kinetochore localization during prometaphase to achieve biorientation. (wikipedia.org)
Bub3 is a crucial component in the formation of the mitotic spindle assembly complex, which forms a complex with other important proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and that occurs as a response to the mitotic cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint. (yeastgenome.org)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
This is integral to the whole process, and there is much to think about in the future by way of things like spindle checkpoint signaling, as well as the contribution of other proteins that play a role in the process. (prospecbio.com)
Can sequestering of mitotic spindle proteins cause aneuploidy? (ku.dk)
Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
Genes that suppress carcinogenesis have been classified as gatekeepers that regulate cellular proliferation and cell death and as caretakers that are primarily encode DNA repair proteins required for the maintenance of genome integrity ( 15 ). (amegroups.org)
Defining the functional relationships between proteins is critical for understanding virtually all aspects of cell biology. (thebiogrid.org)
My work provides mechanistic clues for cyclinspecific events during the cell cycle, demonstrates the usefulness of synthetic strategies in problem solving and also possibly resolves long-standing uncertainties regarding functions of some cell cycle proteins. (umassmed.edu)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

Here, we report that PSMA is localized to a membrane compartment in the vicinity of mitotic spindle poles and associates with the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). (nih.gov)

DNA-PKcs activation, as monitored by DNA-PKcs phosphorylation, is physically and functionally associated with mitotic spindle formation. (amegroups.org)
We discovered that the main effect of obliterating this interaction is to delay cell cycle entry in budding yeast, such that cells begin DNA replication and budding only at a larger than normal cell size, possibly resulting from incomplete multi-site phosphorylation of several key substrates. (umassmed.edu)

Cell cycle and DNA replication are top signaling hubs for medulloblastoma cell growth. (childrenscolorado.org)
These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)
The molecular replicative machinery utilized by the Plasmodium parasite, as well as whether the parasite uses local and global checkpoints to control the timing of DNA replication and nuclear division, remain a major gap of knowledge in the biology of the parasite. (iu.edu)

The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
The mechanism that prevents separation and transition into anaphase is known as spindle checkpoint. (prospecbio.com)

Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Current research suggests that mitotic kinases have a key role in regulating the cell cycle. (survivinpathway.com)

Unattached or tensionless kinetochores activate the checkpoint and enhance the production of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) consisting of BubR1, Bub3, Mad2, and Cdc20. (elsevierpure.com)
The primary function of MAD2 is to accumulate at kinetochores, and generate a wait signal that functions to prevent the cell from progressing to the anaphase of the cell cycle until the appropriate moment, and this is integral to the process. (prospecbio.com)
Vertebrate Nek2 is a cell cycle-regulated STK, localized in centrosomes and kinetochores, that regulates centrosome splitting at the G2/M phase. (umbc.edu)

The spindle formation and polar body extrusion suggest that the first meiotic spindle was functional, and the chromosome misalignment did not prevent the onset of anaphase. (ox.ac.uk)

Further, expression of PSMA in a karyotypically stable cell line induces aneuploidy. (nih.gov)
This finding is consistent with the idea that Rac1 is situated downstream of Rap1 in the signaling pathway that induces scattering of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)
In normal cells, mdm2 availability is controlled by ARF, the product of the p14ARF gene located on INK4a/ARF locus, which binds with mdm2 and induces its degradation. (medscape.com)

It has been known that human cancer is a gene-related disease involving abnormal cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
Mistakes in this technique end in the synthesis of cells with abnormal chromosome content, that is, pretty much than two copies of each and every chromosome. (survivinpathway.com)
The first suggests that fetal gonocytes whose development into spermatogonia is blocked may undergo abnormal cell division and then invasive growth mediated by postnatal and pubertal gonadotrophin stimulation. (medscape.com)

Inactivation of CIP2A-TOPBP1 caused acentric fragments to disperse throughout the mitotic cytoplasm, stochastically partition into the nucleus of both daughter cells and aberrantly misaccumulate as cytoplasmic DNA. (nature.com)
How do nuclei maintain independent cell cycle stages within a common cytoplasm? (iu.edu)

It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
It's a mitotic catastrophe! (nanolive.ch)
The sub-cellular resolution of the microscopes allows us to observe the consequences of mitotic catastrophe in spectacular detail while EVE Analytics , Nanolive's complete software allows to quantify the increase in average cell dry mass density resulting from multinucleation. (nanolive.ch)
Furthermore, DNA-PKcs is required to prevent mitotic catastrophe in response to DNA damage ( 13 ). (amegroups.org)

Another function of BUB3 is to promote correct kinetochore-microtubule (K-MT) attachments when the spindle-assembly checkpoint is active. (wikipedia.org)
The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation by monitoring kinetochore-microtubule attachment. (elsevierpure.com)

How does each nucleus cycle independently? (iu.edu)

These data suggest that arsenite has potential for treatment of solid tumors but a functional spindle checkpoint is a prerequisite for a positive response to its clinical application. (uky.edu)
Extragonadal germinal cell syndromes are rare tumors that predominantly affect young males. (medscape.com)
Literature suggests that the only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
In extragonadal germ cell tumors, no evidence of a primary malignancy is present in either the testes or ovaries by radiologic imaging or physical examination. (medscape.com)
Extragonadal germ cell tumors produce a rich symptomatology and may reach large volumes if they arise in silent areas. (medscape.com)
Controversy remains regarding the origin of extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs). (medscape.com)
The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
Some retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors may represent metastases from a testicular cancer, with subsequent spontaneous necrosis of the primary tumour. (medscape.com)
Hematologic malignancies are frequently associated with mediastinal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Highly differentiated yolk-sac tumors make up 30% of mediastinal germ cell tumors, providing a possible basis for this association. (medscape.com)
The balance of the p53-mdm2 interaction has been shown to be disrupted in intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs). (medscape.com)
5] Mutation of ARF, reported in 71% of intracranial germ cell tumors, results in mdm2 accumulation and functional impairment of p53. (medscape.com)
This abnormality was reported in 90% of seminomatous and 55% of nonseminomatous intracranial germ cell tumors (NS-ICGCTs) examined. (medscape.com)
Extra-gonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) represent 5-10% of all germ cell tumor (GCTs). (medscape.com)

In addition to this interaction, MAD2 also interacts with Chk1, which is integral across multiple points of the cell cycle process, and this is one of the key interactions that plays a massive role in the process. (prospecbio.com)

The abnormally high number of centrosomes found in many human tumor cells can lead directly to aneuploidy and genomic instability through the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles. (umassmed.edu)

The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)

In your first year, your modules give you an insight into various biological and chemical disciplines, including biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, microbiology and physiology. (kent.ac.uk)
Your second year builds on this knowledge and covers areas such as gene regulation, cell biology and metabolism. (kent.ac.uk)

Its apparent dispensability in the spindle checkpoint might be due to functional duality or redundant, competing mechanisms. (elsevierpure.com)
Unfortunately, the dyes killed the cells, and since the structures under the microscope were difficult to see as it was, Flemming's forerunners weren't sure they were seeing anything characteristic of a live, functional cell. (visionlearning.com)
Clinical correlation, external validation, functional enrichment analysis, drug and cell line analysis, and tumor immune environment analysis were conducted. (biomedcentral.com)

Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of tumor cells or non-transformed normal but proliferating cells. (oncotarget.com)

After kinetochore attachment is complete, the spindle checkpoint complexes (including the BubR1-Bub3) experience a decrease in concentration. (wikipedia.org)

These studies unveiled a novel function of DNA-PKcs in safeguarding the genome integrity and cancer suppression as chromosomal instability (CIN) plays an important role in cancer development and is a hallmark of cancer cells ( 14 ). (amegroups.org)

The cell carrying this abnormality is relatively protected against apoptotic death because of the oncogenic effect of CCND2, leading to re-initiation of cell cycle and genomic instability. (medscape.com)

BUB3 forms a complex with BUB1 (BUB1/BUB3 complex) to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) as soon as the spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated. (wikipedia.org)
To facilitate investigation of the mechanisms that control centrosome reproduction, a frog egg extract arrested in S phase of the cell cycle that supported repeated assembly of daughter centrosomes was developed. (umassmed.edu)

The intact germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes, enucleated GV cytoplasts, and enucleated GV cytoplasts at 15 h in-vitro maturation were transferred with a metaphase fibroblast cell. (ox.ac.uk)

The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects. (elifesciences.org)
The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
In Norway, a recent study by Dueland et al estimated the incidence of extra-gonadal germ cell tumor (EGGCTs) at 0.5 per 100,000 population per year. (medscape.com)

This is a time lapse image series of Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing GFP tagged Bub2, a GTPase activator involves in mitotic cell cycle spindle orientation checkpoint and regulation of exit from m. (cellimagelibrary.org)

Sequencing of daughter cell pairs derived from micronucleated mother cells demonstrated that complex rearrangements are indeed a common outcome of micronucleus formation. (nature.com)

Tem1 (green) primarily localizes to the daughter cell spindle pole body (SPB) du. (ucsd.edu)
Tem1 (green) localizes to spindle pole bodies (SPB) during metaphase. (ucsd.edu)
Tem1 normally localizes preferentially to the spindle pole body (SPB) that enter. (ucsd.edu)
Consistent with these observations, we found that E4F localizes to the mitotic spindle during the M phase of early embryos. (cnrs.fr)

Several cell cycle events require specific forms of the cyclin-CDK complexes. (umassmed.edu)
In occasional cells, this crossing over may lead to increased 12p copy number and overexpression of cyclin D2. (medscape.com)

Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
During the asexual stage of the life cycle, Plasmodium falciparum replicates via schizogony, a division mode that can be divided into a growth phase and a budding phase. (iu.edu)
The budding phase occurs when the multi-nucleated syncytium is subjected to an asynchronous round of karyokinesis, coinciding with the segmentation of dozens of daughter cells known as merozoites. (iu.edu)
Higher intracellular arsenic levels induced cell cycle arrest in the S-phase and G 2 -phase in SK-Mel-3 and SK-Mel-28 cells, respectively. (uky.edu)
Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
Targeting the cell cycle has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment with special interest in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)

Cy5 is labeled as magenta, and the cell membrane is stained with rabbit anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor and goat anti rabbit488 antibody. (medicalxpress.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Plk3 is expressed throughout the cell cycle and involved in cellular response to DNA damage [ 9 ]. (oncotarget.com)
S. mansoni USPs showed changes in expression levels for different life cycle stages indicating their involvement in cellular processes required for S. mansoni development. (biomedcentral.com)

Amplification of CCND2 activates cdk4/6, allowing the cell to progress through the G1-S checkpoint. (medscape.com)

The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
To help elucidate the interactions between Rap1 and Rac1 in the signaling that leads to spreading of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells, we evaluated the effect of Rap1 depletion on cell spreading caused by activated Rac1. (survivinpathway.com)

A) Cell viability at 72 hours and (B) 6 days post-siCKAP5 treatment as measured by methoxynitrosulfophenyl-tetrazolium carboxanilide (XTT). (medicalxpress.com)
Values represent average % cell viability compared to cells treated with an equivalent concentration of siControl LNP. (medicalxpress.com)
Mammalian SNF5 is essential for normal cell viability, and loss or mutation of the human SNF gene is the molecular basis for familial malignant rhabdoid tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
The combination of NV651 and cisplatin, a DNA damage reagent, resulted in a synergistic effect in cell viability, and a significant increase on cell death in HCC cell lines. (lu.se)

Cdc15-3HA (red) does not load onto spindle pole bodies in wild-type cells in met. (ucsd.edu)
Both Tem1 (green) and Bfa1 (red) are localized to both spindle pole bodies in me. (ucsd.edu)
Tem1 (green) loading onto spindle pole bodies during anaphase is severely affect. (ucsd.edu)
Tem1-CAAX (green) is targeted away from spindle pole bodies in bfa1Δ cells. (ucsd.edu)
Tem1 (green) constitutively targeted to spindle pole bodies in nud1-2 cells at t. (ucsd.edu)
During late anaphase, Tem1 (green) localized to the spindle pole body (SPB) in c. (ucsd.edu)
Constitutive targeting of Tem1 to the spindle pole body (SPB) in metaphase cells. (ucsd.edu)

Anatomy33

Organisms12

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes86

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Mitosis32

Apoptosis14

Protein14

Microtubules5

Inhibition5

Kinase8

Progression5

Chromosomes12

Proteins11

Poles1

Phosphorylation2

Replication3

Transition2

Kinases4

Kinetochores3

Meiotic spindle1

Induces3

Abnormal3

Cytoplasm2

Catastrophe4

Kinetochore-microtubule2

Nucleus1

Tumors15

Mad21

Aneuploidy1

Microtubule1

Biology2

Functional3

Inhibitors2

BubR11

Chromosomal1

Genomic instability1

Assembly2

Maturation1

Tumor4

Orientation1

Formation1

Localizes4

Cyclin2

Phase6

Membrane1

Cellular3

Amplification1

Depletion2

Viability4

Pole7