Mitotic process. Medical search. Frequent questions

Here we show that pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei spatially cluster throughout mitosis and identify the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex as an essential regulator of this process. (nature.com)
Mitotic catastrophe can be induced by prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, errors in mitosis, or DNA damage and functioned to prevent genomic instability. (wikipedia.org)
One usage of the term mitotic catastrophe is to describe an oncosuppressive mechanism (i.e. a mechanism to prevent the proliferation of cancerous cells and the develop of tumors) that occurs when cells undergo and detect a defective mitosis has occurred. (wikipedia.org)
Under this definition, cells that undergo mitotic catastrophe either senesce and stop dividing or undergo a regulated form of cell death during mitosis or another form of cell death in the next G1 phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
When the cell undergoes cell death during mitosis this is known as mitotic death. (wikipedia.org)
Another usage of the term mitotic catastrophe is to describe a mode of cell death that occurs during mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Some cells can have an erroneous mitosis yet survive and undergo another cell division which puts the cell at a higher likelihood to undergo mitotic catastrophe. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, cells can undergo a process called mitotic slippage where cells exit mitosis too early before the process of mitosis is finished. (wikipedia.org)
Mitotic chromosomes will undergo different biochemical changes under four sub-stages of mitosis. (differencebetween.com)
We present data on the occurrence of mitosis in storage cells of the eutardigrade Richtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903), and analyse mitotic cells in relation to different body characteristics, including egg development stage, moulting, gut content, body length, number and size of oocytes, and shape and size of the storage cells. (researchgate.net)
The proportion of cells with mitosis ('mitotic index') was low: 0.76% in juveniles and 1.47% in adults. (researchgate.net)
In juveniles, none of the measured phenotypic characters had significant predictive power for mitosis, whereas in adult animals in moult or in late egg developmental or post-laying stage were more likely to have mitotic storage cells. (researchgate.net)
The low mitotic index and the strong association with moulting suggests that mitosis in storage cells may be connected with somatic growth rather than cell renewal, and that the purpose of cell division may relate to a need of more cells to support the enlarged body after moulting. (researchgate.net)
Understanding the "active chromosome" and how chromosome morphology influences mitosis is pivotal to the understanding of novel routes to mitotic defects and causes for aneuploidy. (europa.eu)
Here I propose to investigate how dynamic mitotic chromosomes are assembled and how their morphology contributes to various aspects of mitosis. (europa.eu)
Competition for PRPF8 availability alters the transcription-coupled splicing of RNAs in which weak 5′ splice sites predominate, enabling diversification of human gene expression during biological processes like mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells that are eukaryote in nature divide through the process of mitosis. (differencebetween.net)
Mitosis is comprised of four stages: G1, S, G2, and a stage that completes the mitotic cycle. (differencebetween.net)
5.Binary fission does not involve the mitotic apparatus and sister chromatids unlike in mitosis. (differencebetween.net)

If the mitotic spindles are not properly attached to the kinetochores then the spindle assembly checkpoint will prevent the transition from metaphase to anaphase. (wikipedia.org)
The mitotic checkpoint complex acts as a negative regulator of the anaphase promoting complex. (wikipedia.org)
When the mitotic checkpoint complex is formed, it binds to the anaphase promoting complex and prevents its ability to promote cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
During anaphase, the mitotic chromosomes (sister chromosomes) split evenly. (differencebetween.com)

The spindle assembly checkpoint verifies that mitotic spindles have properly attached to the kinetochores of each pair of chromosomes before the chromosomes segregate during cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Dynein is involved in the movement of chromosomes and positioning the mitotic spindles for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Confocal fluorescence time-lapse imaging of a mitotic Drosophila S2 cell expressing GFP-tubulin and treated with 100 nM taxol for 1 h before imaging to induce assembly of monopolar spindles. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Next, by directly perturbing the spindle, the researchers video-captured the process by which cells with misoriented spindles began to peel away, or delaminate, from the epithelium. (stowers.org)
The data further showed that monopolar mitotic spindles comprised 95% of the disrupted mitoses. (cdc.gov)
The monopolar phenotype of the distupted mitotic spindles is in sharp contrast to the multipolar spindle of SWCNT-induced disruption. (cdc.gov)

Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
Mitotic catastrophe can also lead to the cell being fated for cell death by apoptosis or necrosis following interphase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The key difference between interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosome is the structural appearance of the chromatin when observed under the microscope. (differencebetween.com)
While interphase chromatin appears as thread-shaped structures, mitotic chromosomes appear as distinct rod-shaped structures. (differencebetween.com)
At the end of the interphase, the cell becomes ready to process into the mitotic stage. (differencebetween.com)
Interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes are types of chromosomes. (differencebetween.com)
Moreover, interphase chromatins are less condensed, while mitotic chromosomes are heavily condensed. (differencebetween.com)
The below infographic presents the differences between interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes in tabular form for side by side comparison. (differencebetween.com)
Both interphase chromatin and mitotic chromosomes are essential for the cycle of cell division. (differencebetween.com)

The maintenance of a single centromere per chromosome is critical for establishing bipolar microtubule attachments to the mitotic spindle and achieving high-fidelity genome segregation 17 . (nature.com)
[2] [3] Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport . (wikipedia.org)
EML4 and NUDC proteins are required for mitotic spindle formation, attachment of spindle microtubule ends to kinetochores, and alignment of mitotic chromosome at the metaphase plate. (reactome.org)

Inactivation of CIP2A-TOPBP1 caused acentric fragments to disperse throughout the mitotic cytoplasm, stochastically partition into the nucleus of both daughter cells and aberrantly misaccumulate as cytoplasmic DNA. (nature.com)
Mitotic catastrophe has been defined as either a cellular mechanism to prevent potentially cancerous cells from proliferating or as a mode of cellular death that occurs following improper cell cycle progression or entrance. (wikipedia.org)
Cells that undergo mitotic catastrophe death can lack activation of pathways of the traditional death pathways such as apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Cells have a mechanism to prevent improper segregation of chromosomes known as the spindle assembly checkpoint or mitotic checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
Golgi fragmentation is a highly regulated process that allows division of the Golgi complex between the two daughter cells. (biologists.com)
These cells have the potential to become gametes but have not yet committed to the process. (jci.org)
The system uses extracts prepared from mitotic chicken hepatoma cells following a sequential S phase/M phase synchronization. (rupress.org)
Both processes are inhibited by Zn2+, an inhibitor of apoptosis in intact cells. (rupress.org)
New findings from his lab published in the July 21 advance online issue of Nature demonstrate that the way the mitotic spindle-the machinery that separates chromosomes into daughter cells during cell division-aligns relative to the surface of the cell layer is essential for the maintenance of epithelial integrity. (stowers.org)
It also hints at a surprising way that cells initiate a gene expression program seen in invasive cancers when that process goes awry. (stowers.org)
In other words, if you pointed a tiny camera in your gut toward dividing epithelial cells of its lining, you would "see" the mitotic spindle looking like a symmetrical web, exactly like it did in your high school biology textbook. (stowers.org)
Recombination between homologous sequences is a fundamentally important process both in meiosis and in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
To this end we have expressed the site-specific HO endonuclease in meiotic cells so that we can compare recombination events at the same loci where we have used HO to stimulate recombination in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
We have been fascinated by the process of yeast mating-type gene switching, in which cells replace about 700 bp of Ya or Y-specific DNA sequences at the MAT locus by recombining with one of two donor loci, called HMLDescription: image3 and HMRa. (brandeis.edu)
Cells were harvested and samples were processed for evaluation of aneuploidogenic and mitotic arrest. (europa.eu)
Indeed, there is continuous replication of mtDNA in all tissues, allowing variations in heteroplasmy to even develop between post-mitotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
We have previously shown mitotic spindle aberrations in cultured primary and immortalized human airway epithelial cells exposed to single-walled carbon nanotube s (SWCNT). (cdc.gov)
In order to investigate whether genetic damage was unique to SWCNT, we examined mitotic spindle aberrations following dosing of cells to multi-walled carbon nanotube s (MWCNT) at concentrations anticipated in the workplace. (cdc.gov)
To understand the general and dynamic characteristics of the cell polarization process induced by the Par-complex, we attempted to reconstruct Par-complex-dependent cell polarization system in a cell-autonomous manner using non-polar cells. (elifesciences.org)
Both life processes increase the number of cells which is comparable to the growth of the organism. (differencebetween.net)
Cells follow a process during cell division. (differencebetween.net)
For mitotic rate assessment, the pathologist counts the number of cells in a certain amount of melanoma tissue that are in the process of dividing. (medscape.com)
Cyclophilin overexpression is a common event in fibrotic tissues playing a key role in different stages of the fibrotic process, including inflammation, hepatocyte death, and activation of the hepatic stellate cells leading to increased collagen production. (lu.se)
Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)

Differentiating spermatogonia in mice undergo five mitotic divisions before converting to preleptotene spermatocytes. (jci.org)
If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe . (wikipedia.org)

I plan to use a multidisciplinary approach, combining acute protein inactivation, 4D-live cell imaging and biophysical/mathematical approaches to evaluate role of condensin complexes, one of the most abundant non-histone chromosomal proteins, in the process of chromosome assembly. (europa.eu)
Opposite to the mitotic spindle, the separation of chromosomal replication is done through the cell membrane. (differencebetween.net)

Multiple attempts to specifically define mitotic catastrophe have been made since the term was first used to describe a temperature dependent lethality in the yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, that demonstrated abnormal segregation of chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Mitotic segregation of mitochondria may result in asymmetric proportions of heteroplasmic allelic variants in descendant cellular lineages [ 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Although there is evidence of selectivity [ 7 ], it is generally assumed that mitotic segregation and genetic drift are largely stochastic processes and therefore lead to random variation in mtDNA heteroplasmy and mosaicism within individuals [ 4 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Although chromosomes were long assumed to play rather a passive role during the cell division process, recent evidence suggests that chromosomes play a much more active role in the process of their own segregation. (europa.eu)
The mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is a key regulator of the Spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures the correct chromosome segregation. (lu.se)

Usually, this will make the cell initiate apoptosis leading to its own death, but sometimes mutations in the cell hamper this process and thus cause progression of cancer . (wikipedia.org)

So, this is the summary of the difference between interpahse chromatin and mitotic chromosomes. (differencebetween.com)

It is a mechanism that is being researched as a potential therapeutic target in cancers, and numerous approved therapeutics induce mitotic catastrophe. (wikipedia.org)
The least common outcome of mitotic catastrophe is senescence in which the cell stops dividing and enters a permanent cell cycle arrest that prevents the cell from proliferating any further. (wikipedia.org)
While more recent definitions of mitotic catastrophe do not use it to describe a bona fide cell death mechanism, some publications describe it as a mechanism of cell death. (wikipedia.org)
If the checkpoint is activated for a prolonged period it can lead to mitotic catastrophe. (wikipedia.org)
We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)

Unattached kinetochores promote the formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex which is composed of four different proteins known as Mad2, Cdc20, BubR1, and Bub3 in humans. (wikipedia.org)
2019). EML4, through its WD40 repeats, interacts with NUDC and recruits it to the kinetochores of the mitotic spindle (Chen et al. (reactome.org)
In binary fission, there is no involvement of the mitotic apparatus like the centrioles, mitotic spindle, centromeres, and kinetochores. (differencebetween.net)

Most, if not all, of the mitotic processes are regulated by a set of mitotic protein kinases that control protein activity by phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
Although many mitotic phosphorylation events have been identified in proteome-scale mass spectrometry studies, information on how these phosphorylation sites are distributed within mitotic protein complexes and which kinases generate these phosphorylation sites is largely lacking. (nih.gov)
2019) by serine/threonine kinases NEK6 and NEK7, leading to its dissociation from microtubules, which is necessary for the assembly of a dynamic mitotic spindle (Adib et al. (reactome.org)
2015). It is possible that other mitotic kinases, besides NEK6 and NEK7, also phosphorylate EML4. (reactome.org)

The mitotic reorganization of the Golgi is accompanied by a temporary block in Golgi functioning, as protein transport in and out of the Golgi stops. (biologists.com)
We used systematic protein-affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry to identify 1818 phosphorylation sites in more than 100 mitotic protein complexes. (nih.gov)

This is the process we have studied most intensively, but we are also interested in an alternative process known as break-induced replication (BIR), where only one end of a chromosome break locates a template sequence and assembles a complete replication fork and can copy sequences to the end of a chromosome, producing a nonreciprocal translocation. (brandeis.edu)

GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies ( Molecular Function , Biological Process , and Cellular Component ), a reference, and an evidence code. (yeastgenome.org)

In a subsequent in-depth analysis of key mitotic regulatory complexes with the Aurora kinase B (AURKB) inhibitor Hesperadin and a new Polo-like kinase (PLK1) inhibitor, BI 4834, we determined the kinase dependency for 172 phosphorylation sites on 41 proteins. (nih.gov)
Gibson reasoned that the reported tumor-suppressive activity of these proteins might be linked to a role in keeping the mitotic spindle in line. (stowers.org)
We have identified the proteins necessary to carry out the initial steps in strand invasion and the beginning of new DNA synthesis, which is significantly different from the normal process of replication. (brandeis.edu)
At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)
This process is carried out by the human spliceosome machinery, in which over 300 proteins sequentially assemble with uridine-rich small nuclear RNA molecules (U snRNAs) to form distinct small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs). (biomedcentral.com)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes. (yeastgenome.org)
Cellular polarization is fundamental for various biological processes. (elifesciences.org)
Polarization is a fundamental cellular property that plays a vital role in various biological processes in multi-cellular as well as single-cell organisms. (elifesciences.org)

2019). At mitotic entry, EML4 undergoes phosphorylation (Pollmann et al. (reactome.org)

Also, mitotic arrest was evaluated in cultures treated for the last 2 hours. (europa.eu)
However, impaired splicing affects only a subset of human transcripts, enriched for mitotic cell cycle factors, leading to mitotic arrest. (biomedcentral.com)

Confocal fluorescent time-lapse imaging of bipolar spindle collapse induced by 1 uM taxol in a mitotic Drosophila S2 cell expressing GFP-tubulin. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Furthermore, Par-complex patches resembling Par-islands exist in Drosophila mitotic neuroblasts. (elifesciences.org)

The composition of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in each cell is in constant flux through processes of mutation, replication, and degradation. (biorxiv.org)

We have shown that there are differences between this repair-induced replication fork and the normal replication process, but there is much more work to do. (brandeis.edu)

Nuclear events of apoptosis in vitro in cell-free mitotic extracts: a model system for analysis of the active phase of apoptosis. (rupress.org)

Our results demonstrate significant disruption of the mitotic spindle by MWCNT at occupationally relevant doses. (cdc.gov)
Disruption of IFT complex A causes cystic kidneys without mitotic spindle misorientation. (medlineplus.gov)

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial DNA metabolic process. (mcw.edu)

Our group has previously demonstrated the involvement of the alternatively spliced variants ERK1c and MEK1b (ERK1 is also known as MAPK3, and MEK1 as MAP2K1) in mitotic Golgi fragmentation. (biologists.com)

and regulation of cell cycle process. (nih.gov)

9 Antiherpetic medications are nucleoside analogues that disrupt DNA replication and pharmacokinetic studies have shown that acyclovir crosses the placenta, 12 , 14 , 15 therefore it is possible that antiherpetic medications could affect embryogenesis, a process that involves rapid mitotic divisions and DNA replication. (cdc.gov)

Mitotic chromosomes are distinct rod-shaped, highly condensed chromosomes that are present in the mitotic phase of cell division. (differencebetween.com)
Conversely, binary fission is said to be a simple process of cell division. (differencebetween.net)

Microtubules connect with the centrosomes of the lined up mitotic chromosomes. (differencebetween.com)

By combining live imaging, biochemistry, and phosphoproteomics, we show that NPC disassembly is a stepwise process that involves Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK-1)-dependent and -independent steps. (ijm.fr)

Thirty-eight percent believe God guided a process by which humans developed over millions of years from less advanced life forms, while 16%, up slightly from years past, believe humans developed over millions of years, without God's involvement. (evolutionnews.org)
In humans, each of these processes initiates at puberty and continues throughout life. (jci.org)

Formation of the mitotic spindle? (evolutionnews.org)

Mitotic chromosomes appear as distinct rod-shaped structures, and they are heavily condensed. (differencebetween.com)
This process is essential for the assembly and maintenance of these cell structures. (medlineplus.gov)

The length of telomeres offers insight into mitotic cell and possibly organismal longevity. (yang-sheng.com)

However, it remains unclear what features of these genes dictate dynamic changes in their recognition and stepwise processing by spliceosome components to regulate splice site choice and splicing outcome. (biomedcentral.com)

The degree of cellularity, atypia, and mitotic activity is high. (medscape.com)

The process is highly synchronous, and the structural changes are completed within 60 min. (rupress.org)

Symbiodinium density was similar among sites yet their mitotic index increased in anemones under elevated p CO 2 . (nature.com)
The aim of this study was to evaluate radiomics for distinguishing GISTs from other intra-abdominal tumors, and in GISTs, predict the c-KIT , PDGFRA , BRAF mutational status, and mitotic index (MI). (springer.com)

However, the general dynamic processes that occur during polarization are not well understood. (elifesciences.org)
Thus, Par-complex assembly is a dynamic process. (elifesciences.org)

this process, called "ionization," is the source of the term "ionizing radiation" (see Chapter 2). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy2

Chemicals and Drugs1

Phenomena and Processes2

Mitosis19

Anaphase4

Spindles6

Interphase9

Microtubule3

Cells24

Undergo2

Chromosomal2

Segregation5

Progression1

Chromatin1

Catastrophe5

Kinetochores3

Kinases4

Protein2

Translocation1

Cellular Component1

Proteins6

Biological3

Undergoes1

Arrest2

Drosophila2

Degradation1

Replication fork1

Apoptosis1

Disruption2

Metabolic process1

Golgi1

Regulation1

Divisions1

Cell division2

Microtubules1

Involves1

Humans2

Formation1

Structures2

Insight1

Stepwise1

Activity1

Structural1

Index2

Dynamic2

Term1