On a molecular level, PRC2 catalyzes methylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27), resulting in mono-, di-, or trimethylated forms of H3K27, of which the trimethylated form H3K27me3 leads to transcriptional repression of polycomb target genes. (bvsalud.org)
The hierarchical levels of genome architecture exert transcriptional control by tuning the accessibility and proximity of genes and regulatory elements. (biomedcentral.com)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
all genes associated with this syndrome (ie, DKC1 , TERT, TERC, NOP10 ) encode proteins in the telomerase complex responsible for maintaining telomeres at the ends of chromosomes regarding shortening length, protection, and replication. (medscape.com)
The proliferative arrest is mediated by transcriptional repression of genes essential for cell division by the retinoblastoma protein family. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitosis5
Through these BRCT specific interactions TOPBP1 mediates DNA damage repair, DNA replication, transcription, and mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
This event is required to promote mitotic progression and favors the activation of a transcriptional program required for mitosis. (ox.ac.uk)
MCM is loaded onto DNA, facilitated by the loading protein Cdt1 (6), at origins of replication by the origin recognition complex (ORC) during late mitosis and G1 phase, becoming activated during S-phase to drive DNA replication. (biologists.com)
Finally we are interested in comparing how recombination occurs in mitosis and in meiosis. (brandeis.edu)
C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
Transcription5
This allows the cell to use a comprehensive toolbox of chromatin-altering machineries to reveal access to the DNA sequence at the right time and right place in order to allow genomic processes, such as DNA repair, transcription and replication, to occur in a tightly-regulated manner. (microbialcell.com)
Together, these results provide a unified model that integrates replication, transcription and epigenetics at the INK4/ARF locus. (plos.org)
The histones and non-histone proteins of chromatin compact the DNA and govern its accessibility to enzymes during transcription, replication, repair and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
transcriptional FCER2 transcription C( SFTPC), amongst several presequences, produces a exocytosis of erasure, a crucial vitro that is supplement project building in features. (familie-vos.de)
Translocation of EWSR1 (Ewing sarcoma breakbpoint region 1) with an ETS (E26 transformation-specific) transcription factor gene occurs in more than 95% of Ewing sarcomas. (medscape.com)
Proteins4
Finally, we demonstrate that Polycomb proteins and associated epigenetic marks are crucial for the control of the replication timing of the INK4a/ARF locus during senescence. (plos.org)
We are interested in understanding at the molecular level how recombination occurs and what roles are played by the many proteins involved in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
We are interested in determining what are the specific biochemical roles played by the many proteins implicated in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
We have identified the proteins necessary to carry out the initial steps in strand invasion and the beginning of new DNA synthesis, which is significantly different from the normal process of replication. (brandeis.edu)
It also plays a critical role in DNA replication initiation and regulation of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) plays an important role in transcriptional regulation during animal development and in cell differentiation, and alteration of PRC2 activity has been associated with cancer. (bvsalud.org)
Given the complexity of human transcriptional regulation in vivo and the multitude of potential epigenetic mechanisms cooperating to regulate transcriptional activity, questions remain about the interplay of regulatory mechanisms in patients with CMML. (nature.com)
In a comparative framework, transcriptomics can reveal how natural selection has shaped patterns of transcriptional regulation that may ultimately influence biogeography. (biologists.com)
β-TrCP- and Casein Kinase II-Mediated Degradation of Cyclin F Controls Timely Mitotic Progression. (ox.ac.uk)
We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
In the p53 pathway, the gene activates its transcriptional target p21 which is an inhibitor of cyclin / cdk2 as they work for the progression of replication and inactivates RB. (ijpsr.com)
Cyclin3
The degradation of cyclin F mediated by β-TrCP occurs at the G2/M transition. (ox.ac.uk)
Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)
Destruction of cyclin B during metaphase results in inactivation of Cdk1, allowing mitotic exit and cell division. (arigobio.cn)
Mutations3
This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
In the presence of functional DNA replication, RTEL1 mutations produce a large amount of extrachromosomal T-circles. (medscape.com)
In addition to the mutations that directly effect telomere length, recent studies also indicate that a DKC diagnosis should not be based solely on the length of the telomere, but also the fact that there are defects in telomere replication and protection. (medscape.com)
Polycomb5
Here we show that in young proliferating embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member EZH2 together with PRC1 members BMI1 and M33 are strongly expressed and localized at the INK4/ARF regulatory domain (RD) identified as a DNA replication origin. (plos.org)
Moreover, we show that the Polycomb protein BMI1 interacts with CDC6, an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. (plos.org)
We identified the replication licencing factor CDC6 as a new partner of the Polycomb group member BMI1. (plos.org)
Upon senescence, Jmjd3 is overexpressed and the MLL1 protein is recruited to the locus provoking the dissociation of Polycomb from the INK4/ARF locus, its transcriptional activation and its replication during early S-phase. (plos.org)
Agherbi H, Gaussmann-Wenger A, Verthuy C, Chasson L, Serrano M, Djabali M (2009) Polycomb Mediated Epigenetic Silencing and Replication Timing at the INK4a/ARF Locus during Senescence. (plos.org)
Gene3
Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
Fully elucidating the early steps of retrovirus replication is therefore crucial not only for identifying new antiretroviral drugs, but also for improving the design of retroviral vectors for gene therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromosome5
Using synchronized cells undergoing recombination that is initiated at a specific site on a chromosome by an inducible endonuclease, we use physical monitoring techniques (Southern blots, PCR analysis) to follow the sequence of molecular events that occur in real time. (brandeis.edu)
This is the process we have studied most intensively, but we are also interested in an alternative process known as break-induced replication (BIR), where only one end of a chromosome break locates a template sequence and assembles a complete replication fork and can copy sequences to the end of a chromosome, producing a nonreciprocal translocation. (brandeis.edu)
In mammals, X chromosome dosage compensation involves heterochromatization and transcriptional silencing of one of two copies of the X chromosome in female cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, in Drosophila , X chromosome dosage compensation involves hyperacetylation of H4-K16 on the single male X chromosome by the MOF (MYST1/KAT8) histone acetyltransferase to increase its transcriptional output relative to the two female X chromosomes [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We now recognize that, following DNA replication, the metaphase chromosome consists of two chromatids held together by a centromere and by cohesin. (biomedcentral.com)
Senescence2
Cell senescence can be a result of the exposure to stress such as oxidative stress, epigenomic damage or DNA damage, or it can be due to telomere shortening is also known as end replication problem. (ijpsr.com)
Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Metaphase1
The meiotic prophase in Drosophila is also characterized by a high level of transcriptional activity which ceases shortly before the compaction of the chromatin and the entry into the first meiotic metaphase [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein3
The amino acid residues that make up these core features are highly conserved, with protein specific deviations occurring in the loops that connect these subunits. (wikipedia.org)
This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
Histone2
Rtt109 acetylates histone H3 lysine 56 and functions in DNA replication. (embl.de)
Acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3-K56) occurs in S phase, and cells lackingH3-K56 acetylation are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents. (embl.de)
Cells6
The rate of living theory is closely related to the "wear and tear" theory of aging, that our bodies are (except for our germ cells) made up of "post-mitotic cells," unable to continue dividing once growth is complete, and so must die when those cells are "worn out. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
By the middle of the 20th century, those ideas had been disproved in many ways, but in the 1960s Leonard Hayflick renewed for a time the doctrine of aging as the wearing out of unrenewable cells, with his doctrine that somatic cells (non-germ cells) have an absolute limit of 50 replications. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
Recombination between homologous sequences is a fundamentally important process both in meiosis and in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
To this end we have expressed the site-specific HO endonuclease in meiotic cells so that we can compare recombination events at the same loci where we have used HO to stimulate recombination in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
Subunit1
I cause that the download Common knowledge for the subunit of other second mRNAs within Transcriptional interferons contains the 8B1 enzyme of chemical motif of carbonic precursors with their heat buildings. (erik-mill.de)
Chromosomes1
Recombination and separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in pachytene spermatocytes during meiosis I and results in the formation of secondary spermatocytes. (jci.org)
Pathway1
The functional enrichment analysis revealed that ncRNA processing, DNA replication, cell cycle, apoptosis, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction were the potentially disrupted pathways in URSA patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Naturally1
Naturally occurring compounds from plants known as phytochemicals, fill in as indispensable assets for novel medications and are likewise rich sources for cancer treatment. (researchsquare.com)
The nitrogen mustards and folate and purine analogs were much later shown to interfere with DNA replication, in part explaining their anti-tumor activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Contrast1
In contrast, when replication forks were stalled by hydroxyurea to generate DNA replication stress, TOPBP1/BRCA1 were found at sites of replication forks. (wikipedia.org)
Recruitment1
This showed a DNA damage specific role for TOPBP1 recruitment at both replication sites and non-replication sites. (wikipedia.org)
Stages2
However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
A schematic view of early and late stages of the retroviral replication cycle is represented. (biomedcentral.com)
Control2
Cdk1 also contributes to the control of DNA replication. (arigobio.cn)
Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Repair1
We have shown that there are differences between this repair-induced replication fork and the normal replication process, but there is much more work to do. (brandeis.edu)
Understanding factors required for DNA replication will enrich our knowledge of this important process and potentially identify vulnerabilities that can be exploited in cancer therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
The morphologies are critical as virulence factors occurring in most Candida species [ 20 , 21 ]. (encyclopedia.pub)
Stress1
Second, between those analyzing inheritance solely in terms of replication and transmission, and views that stress the multi-generation reproduction of phenotypic traits. (uva.nl)
Download1
The 8p11 inhibiting of download Dopamine in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia: New Findings by interest via this response catalyses a transcriptional momentum-correlation in the consensus of Saturated association( Schnetkamp 2013). (evakoch.com)
Normal1
A switch from normal flora to the pathogenic state may occur, leading to disease setting in, ranging from superficial (mucosal and skin) to systemic with an alarming mortality rate [ 16 ]. (encyclopedia.pub)
Animal1
The amino is estrogen of NOTCH2, animal by ADAM10 at the S2 replication response( Gibb et al. (evakoch.com)
Increase1
When DNA damage was induced at higher levels by γ irradiation, there was an increase in TOPBP1/BRCA1 at sites away from replication forks. (wikipedia.org)