• Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) is absolutely essential for cell division. (eur.nl)
  • Right chromosome segregation is closely controlled by mitotic kinases such as cyclin dependent NIMA related kinase 2, Pololike kinase, kinase 1 and Aurora kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
  • An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
  • A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)
  • Inhibits the kinase activity of CDK2 bound to cyclin A, but has little inhibitory activity on CDK2 bound to SPDYA (PubMed:28666995). (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Although we did not identify any highly Clb2-specific substrates, we found that Clb2-Cdk1 possessed higher intrinsic kinase activity than Clb5-Cdk1, enabling efficient phosphorylation of a broad range of mitotic Cdk1 targets. (nature.com)
  • Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
  • Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)
  • Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
  • Schulman, B. A., Lindstrom, D. L. & Harlow, E. Substrate recruitment to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by a multipurpose docking site on cyclin A. (nature.com)
  • Dysregulation of CDK8 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8) and its regulatory partner CycC (Cyclin C) , two subunits of the conserved Mediator (MED) complex, have been linked to diverse human diseases such as cancer. (sdbonline.org)
  • It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, CENP-E is required for enhancing recruitment of its binding partner BubR1 to each unattached kinetochore and for stimulating BubR1 kinase activity, implicating it as an essential amplifier of a basal mitotic checkpoint signal. (rupress.org)
  • Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)
  • The activator Cdc20 is then replaced by a second activator, Cdh1, and APC/C Cdh1 promotes complete degradation of M cyclin, followed by polo-like kinase 1, Aurora A, and other substrates, to complete mitosis and cytokinesis and drive progression into G1 [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
  • Forced expression of NBPF1 in HEK293T cells resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 CIP1/WAF1 in a p53-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human cancer cells are usually seen as a changes in the amount or organization of DNA because of mistakes in mitosis, causing chromosome instability and aneuploidy. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Development through mitosis depends upon three major regulatory systems, each involving several serine/threonine kinases, referred to as mitotic kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
  • a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis). (mathisfunforum.com)
  • In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • The different stages of mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle-the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • In mitosis, it forms the two poles of the mitotic spindle upon which chromosomes are segregated. (le.ac.uk)
  • During G2 and early mitosis, CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation activates CDK1/cyclin complexes which phosphorylate several substrates that trigger at least centrosome separation, Golgi dynamics, nuclear envelope breakdown and chromosome condensation. (arigobio.cn)
  • Here, we used experimental and computational approaches to dissect the quantitative mechanisms underlying the ordered degradation of the substrates of the ubiquitin ligase APC/C Cdc20 , a key regulator of chromosome segregation in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plk1, the most thoroughly characterized member among the mammalian Plks, has multiple important roles in mitosis and cytokinesis, such as centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, activation of the anaphase promoting complex, chromosome segregation and execution of cytokinesis [ 3 , 4 , 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • These mitotic kinesins are spatially and temporally regulated to stringently control their localized activity towards both ends of MTs at each stage of mitosis, thereby ensuring mitotic fidelity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dampening Cdk1 activation, by reducing gene expression or upon treatment with cell-permeable Cdk1 inhibitors, is also detrimental for proliferating cells, but has been associated with defects in mitotic progression, and the formation of aneuploid daughter cells. (eur.nl)
  • The APC/C is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that drives mitotic progression by promoting timely degradation of key regulatory proteins [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Paradoxically, progression deeper into cell cycle arrest was accompanied by increases in proliferative effectors such as CDKs and cyclins, which can drive cell cycle re-entry by overcoming p21 induction. (bvsalud.org)
  • It has been demonstrated that members of the PIP5KI and PIP4KII families are specifically phosphorylated at the mitotic stage [ 9 ], suggesting that they may contribute to the control of mitotic progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current research suggests that mitotic kinases have a key role in regulating the cell cycle. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cell-cycle events are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose periodic activation is driven by cyclins. (nature.com)
  • Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
  • These changes are orchestrated by a small number of master regulators, including the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Each Cdk or APC/C isoform has a large number of substrates, and the substrates of each isoform are modified in a specific order that leads to sequential substrate activation or inactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This extract contains a high level of cyclin B-Cdk1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yoshio Masui cell cycle Cdk1 cyclin DNA replication nuclear transport spindle apparatus condensin cohesin Lohka MJ, Masui Y (1983). (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that Cdk1 inhibition leads to fatal sister chromatid alignment errors and mitotic arrest in the spindle checkpoint. (eur.nl)
  • Our results show that, normally, Cdk1 activity must rise above the level required for mitotic entry. (eur.nl)
  • We conclude that cell death in response to Cdk1 inhibitors directly relates to chromosome alignment defects generated by insufficient repression of PRC1-1 and KIF4 during prometaphase. (eur.nl)
  • Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • Destruction of cyclin B during metaphase results in inactivation of Cdk1, allowing mitotic exit and cell division. (arigobio.cn)
  • CDK1/CDC2-cyclin-B controls pronuclear union in interphase fertilized eggs. (arigobio.cn)
  • Once chromosomes are condensed and aligned at the metaphase plate, CDK1 activity is switched off by WEE1- and PKMYT1-mediated phosphorylation to allow sister chromatid separation, chromosome decondensation, reformation of the nuclear envelope and cytokinesis. (arigobio.cn)
  • Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division, and sister chromatids are separated in the second division. (mathisfunforum.com)
  • Prior to the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse, and recombine to ensure their proper disjunction at anaphase I. Additionally, telomeres tethered at the nuclear envelope cluster in the bouquet configuration where they are subjected to dramatic pulling forces acting from outside of the nucleus. (biorxiv.org)
  • This destruction follows ubiquitylation by the APC/C-Cdc20 complex and depends on a novel destruction motif which is highly related to the extended D box present in cyclin A. Previous work has indicated that Nek2 may regulate centrosome cohesion through phosphorylation of the core centrosomal protein C-Nap1. (le.ac.uk)
  • This MAb recognizes a 27kDa protein, identified as the p27Kip1, a cell cycle regulatory mitotic inhibitor. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Centromere-associated protein-E (CENP-E) is an essential mitotic kinesin that is required for efficient, stable microtubule capture at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
  • The number of encoded NBPF/DUF1220 repeats varies from 4 to 52 copies, depending on the gene member and the NBPF1 protein has 7 repeats [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Homo sapiens BUB3 mitotic checkpoint protein (BUB3), transcript variant 2, mRNA. (dbcls.jp)
  • This phenotype is associated with interaction of E2 with the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) proteins Cdc20, MAD2 and BUBR1. (docksci.com)
  • Such dynamism is essential for assembling and positioning the bipolar spindle, searching for and docking with kinetochores, congressing and segregating chromosomes, and governing the spindle checkpoint [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These filaments also bind and recruit cofactors whose activities help execute abscission and/or delay abscission timing in response to mitotic errors via the NoCut/Abscission checkpoint. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In metaphase I, SMC1β, SMC3, SCP2, and SCP3 disappeared from the chromosome arms and accumulated around the centromeres, where they stayed until anaphase II. (rupress.org)
  • This prevents KIF4-dependent PRC1-1 translocation to astral microtubule tips and safeguards proper chromosome congression. (eur.nl)
  • It is highly specific and shows no cross-reaction with other related mitotic inhibitors. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Degradation timing and dynamics depend on substrate affinity for the enzyme as well as the catalytic rate at which the substrate is modified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The instability of MT dynamics depends heavily on mitotic kinesins, a class of molecular motors, which use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to translocate along the MT or control MT dynamics by facilitating MT polymerization and depolymerization at both ends. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mouse Tzfp gene, mapped to chromosome 7 B2-B3, encodes a 465-amino acid transcription factor containing a conserved N-terminal BTB/POZ domain and three C-terminal PLZF-like C(2)H(2) zinc fingers. (lookformedical.com)
  • MicroRNA-34a gene (MIR-34A) that is located on chromosome 1p36 belongs to one of evolutionary-conserved miRNA families (MIR-34 family) that consists of three members: MIR-34A, MIR-34B, and MIR-34C [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis caused by deletion of the GM-CSFRalpha gene in the X chromosome pseudoautosomal region 1. (tamu.edu)
  • Potent inhibitor of cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK2 complexes. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Forms a complex with cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes and is involved in the assembly, stability, and modulation of CCND1-CDK4 complex activation. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Acts either as an inhibitor or an activator of cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes depending on its phosphorylation state and/or stoichometry. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
  • A . Schematic of the bouquet configuration of chromosomes during meiotic prophase I. The spatial arrangement of chromosomes with telomeres clustered and attached at the inner nuclear membrane is shown. (biorxiv.org)
  • In meiotic prophase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome develop a common axial element (AE) that is integrated into the synaptonemal complex (SC). (rupress.org)
  • Mistakes in this technique end in the synthesis of cells with abnormal chromosome content, that is, pretty much than two copies of each and every chromosome. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Depending on how APC/C Cdc20 is partitioned among its substrates, competition can have minor or major effects on the degradation of certain substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The degradation timing of APC/C Cdc20 substrates depends on the multi-step nature of ubiquitination, differences in substrate-APC/C Cdc20 interactions, and competition among substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When demembranated sperm nuclei are incubated with this extract, it undergoes a series of structural changes and is eventually converted into a set of M phase chromosomes with bipolar spindles. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this study, we explored how PIP4KIIγ regulates the assembly of mitotic spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, coordination of MT polymerization/depolymerization at both ends to maintain the size and shape of mitotic spindles is also critical for the proper formation and function of the mitotic spindle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Surprisingly, the nup2Δ ndj1Δ double mutant failed to segregate chromosomes, even though the meiotic program continued. (biorxiv.org)
  • While BUBR1 silencing rescues the mitotic phenotype induced by E2, p53 silencing or presence of E6/E7 (inactivating p53 and increasing BUBR1 levels respectively) both amplify it. (docksci.com)
  • However, impaired splicing affects only a subset of human transcripts, enriched for mitotic cell cycle factors, leading to mitotic arrest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I-t involves the synthesis of a microtubule and the full intracellular reorganization based device, which segregates the 2 identical copies of the chromosomes between daughter cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Depletion of PIP4KIIγ enhanced the spindle pole accumulation of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), a microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing kinesin, and resulted in a less stable spindle pole-associated MT. Depletion of MCAK can ameliorate PIP4KIIγ depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because the chromosomal t(14;18) translocation is found in the majority of patients with follicular lymphoma, bone marrow aspiration and chromosome analysis can also help establish the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Torn chromosomes can fuse with each another, rearrange, and they are characterized by instability [ 2 , 3 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
  • In human, an array of four DAZ genes ( DAZ 1-4) is located in two clusters on the Y chromosome and mutations of these genes cause severe oligospermia or azospermia [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Clb5 specificity depended on an interaction between a hydrophobic patch in Clb5 and a short sequence in the substrate (the RXL or Cy motif). (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: Clb5 specificity depends on an interaction between the Clb5 hydrophobic patch and an RXL motif in the substrate. (nature.com)
  • We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Take-n together, these results suggest that the effect of Rap1 depends o-n Rac1, while the effect of Rac1 is in-dependent of Rap1, hence arguing that Rac1 is located downstream of Rap1 in the spreading inducing signaling in v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)