MitosisVitroLymphocytesCYTOTOXICITYMicronucleusSpindleAnaphasePairs of chromosomesGenotoxicityAbnormalitiesInhibitionFrequencyMetaphase chromosomeIncrease in the frequenciesConcentrationsInduceStructuralBreakageTranslocationsSegregationModalMeiosisCells1000InstabilityHomologousAcentricConcentrationAssaysOnion rootsGenomicGeneFragmentsIncreasesMutagenicEukaryoticDosesHeredityHumanAlterationsGenesStructuresPromoterGenetic materialTestCell divisionDamagesSpeciesBridges
Mitosis3
- In the second half of the cell cycle the chromosomes clone themselves so that at mitosis, cell division, each cell has a full set of chromosomes. (whale.to)
- The herbicide leaves a great effect on the normal behavior of chromosomes during mitosis and induces different types of abnormalities. (jabonline.in)
- Some of the chromosomal aberrations observed in the treated root tips are binucleate chromosomes, sticky chromosomes, c-mitosis, bridged anaphase, vagrant and attached chromosomes. (edu.ng)
Vitro4
- The sensitivity, accuracy and feasibility of application of SCE as an in vitro screening test has been evaluated against cytogenetic aberrations and the Ames test. (soton.ac.uk)
- Previously, in vitro exposure to MW has led to cell cycle disruption, chromosome errors, mitotic aberrations, and increased clonal growth at occupationally relevant doses. (cdc.gov)
- Suitability of cells: Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CHL cells, clone No. 11) were used in this test because they are widely employed, for in vitro chromosomal aberration tests, show quite high sensitivity to chemical mutagens, and a large amount of data is available about their chromosomal aberrations. (europa.eu)
- Since nuclear swelling (NS hereafter) has been frequently observed in chromosomal aberration (CA hereafter) tests (in vitro), the relationship between NS and CAs was investigated in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphocytes6
- A method is presented for improved yields of mitotic lymphocytes at 72 hours. (soton.ac.uk)
- A method is proposed to allow quantitative estimates to be made of mutation frequency.The induction of SCE and cytogenetic aberrations in human lymphocytes and point-mutation in Salmonella has been investigated following exposure to a range of selected direct-acting chemical mutagens. (soton.ac.uk)
- Aberration of chromosome is frequently detected in epithelial cells and lymphocytes of individuals from arsenic contaminated areas. (tmu.edu.tw)
- We found significant increases in the MN frequency and induced chromosomal aberrations in the lymphocytes of only one donor after ethyl-paraben exposure in the presence of S9 after a short exposure. (metasystems-probes.com)
- In a control cohort of 68 human lymphocytes, telomere length and telomere aberrations were age-dependent and showed high inter-individual variation. (metasystems-probes.com)
- In this study, possible genotoxic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were investigated in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes by using chromosome aberrations and micronucleus assays (MN). (comu.edu.tr)
CYTOTOXICITY2
- Mitotic index was used as a measure of cytotoxicity. (ufpa.br)
- Any supplementary information relevant to cytotoxicity: Mitotic index was determined in 1000 cells in each replicate. (europa.eu)
Micronucleus1
- Most carcinogens that cause NS are genotoxins, which cause DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and micronucleus formation. (biomedcentral.com)
Spindle4
- All MW were found to penetrate the nucleus and associate with the DNA, mitotic spindle and centrosomes. (cdc.gov)
- Our results are the first to tubes (SWCNT) suggest the potential to interact report disruption of the mitotic spindle by with critical biological structures. (cdc.gov)
- The nanotube bundles are similar to the potential of nanotubes to induce genetic damage size of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle in normal lung cells, cultured primary and immor- and may be incorporated into the mitotic spindle talized human airway epithelial cells were apparatus. (cdc.gov)
- Vinblastine inhibits microtubule formation, which, in turn, disrupts the formation of a mitotic spindle, causing cell proliferation to arrest at metaphase. (medscape.com)
Anaphase1
- [5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
Pairs of chromosomes1
- 23 pairs of chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Genotoxicity1
- Genotoxicity was assessed by chromosome aberrations and polyploid cells. (ufpa.br)
Abnormalities6
- All the concentrations used, caused several abnormalities in mitotic cell divisions and the Mitotic Index in the onion root tip cells decreased when the concentrations of Carbendezim solution is increased.The total percentage of aberrations generally increased in a dose and time dependent manner. (rjpponline.org)
- Mitotic abnormalities, chromosomal behavior, and protein content in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.), due to IM treatment, were studied. (jabonline.in)
- Their frequency depends on the concentration and the duration of treatment, i.e., increasing concentration and duration of treatment leads to a parallel increase in the frequencies of chromosome abnormalities [ 1 ]. (jabonline.in)
- Since Boveri's theory that chromosome abnormalities promote cancer, studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms behind the origins of chromosomal aberrations [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Depending on the type of abnormalities, it can be classified into numerical CIN (nCIN), characterized by chromosome gains and losses, and structural CIN (sCIN) represented by chromosome translocations [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Trisomy of sex chromosomes is compatible with life, but will cause phenotypic abnormalities. (mindmeister.com)
Inhibition2
- With a high enough concentration, complete mitotic inhibition was observed. (wikipedia.org)
- The impact of the initial level of chromosome aberrations on the inhibition of onion roots growth in the long terms after irradiation is discussed. (bvsalud.org)
Frequency7
- 0.05) in the relative frequency of chromosome aberrations was observed for all concentrations of CH3HgCl when compared to control, whether alone or in an evident sinergistic combination with HgCl2. (ufpa.br)
- In the recovery period (up to 216 h) after irradiation, the chromosome aberration frequency naturally decreased but at the end of experiment in maximum doses remained above the control values. (bvsalud.org)
- The dose dependencies of the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei were nonlinear. (bvsalud.org)
- An increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in germinating seed root cells was first found under exposure to low doses of γ-radiation (0.05 and 0.1⠯Gy). (bvsalud.org)
- From the cytologic point of view, observations demonstrated that the mitotic frequency in root meristematic cells diminished, and that abnormality frequency increased parallel to the increase in concentrations of IM. (jabonline.in)
- As a result of our research, it was understood that the chromosomal aberration frequency increased in all application groups when we compare with the control group. (comu.edu.tr)
- According to chromosomal aberration frequency results, when we compare with control group chromosome aberration frequency increased approximately s even fold in 4 mL/ L spirotetramat applications after 24 and 48 hours respectively. (comu.edu.tr)
Metaphase chromosome2
- One hundred metaphase chromosome spreads per culture were examined by light microscopy for chromosome aberrations. (europa.eu)
- During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)
Increase in the frequencies1
- A nonlinear increase in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and cells with micronuclei was observed. (bvsalud.org)
Concentrations6
- Mitotic activities in A . cepa roots exposed to POME showed that the number of dividing cells and percentage mitotic index generally decreased with increasing POME concentrations. (notulaebiologicae.ro)
- For this purpose the A llium test was carried out exposing roots to spirotetramat for 24 and 48 hours at the concentrations of 1 mL/L, 2 mL/L, 4 mL/L After the spirotetramat applications, root tips have been harvested and standart mitotic test procedures have been realized. (comu.edu.tr)
- The test item concentrations were determined in a preliminary experiment using the mitotic index and plating efficiencies as an indicator for toxicity response. (europa.eu)
- ZnO induced significant increase of the ratio of chromosomal aberrations as well as percentage of abnormal cells at concentrations of 1, 5, 10 and 20 mu g/mL in 24 h treatments. (comu.edu.tr)
- In 48 h treatments, while ZnO nanomaterials induced significant increase of the percentage of abnormal cells only at a concentration of 10 mu g/mL, and of chromosome aberration per cell in comparison to the control at concentrations of 5 and 10 mu g/mL. (comu.edu.tr)
- It also decreased the mitotic index in all concentrations at 24 h but not at 48 h. (comu.edu.tr)
Induce2
- The test item did not induce gene mutations or chromosomal aberrations in the V79 Chinese hamster cell line nor gene mutations in S. typhimurium bacterial cells in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
- In addition the substance did not induce chromosome aberrations in a chromosome aberration study wit and without metabolic activation. (europa.eu)
Structural2
- Furthermore, genetic changes induced by herbicides include structural changes (chromosomal aberrations) in chromosomes and chromatids [ 2 ]. (jabonline.in)
- These results strongly suggest that NS is mainly caused by structural aberrations in the nucleus during interphase of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Breakage2
- DNA intercalation leads to chromosome breakage rather than SCE. (soton.ac.uk)
- It is observed that both biological effects and epidemiological effects appear to be the same or very similar from ELF exposure and from RF/MW exposures, including calcium ion efflux, melatonin reduction, DNA strand breakage, chromosome aberrations, leukaemia, brain cancer, breast cancer, miscarriage and neurological effects. (whale.to)
Translocations2
- The current version of the model gives predictions of the yields and sizes of translocations, dicentrics, rings, and more complex-type aberrations formed in the G 0 /G 1 cell cycle phase during the first cell division after irradiation. (bioone.org)
- The transcription units are shown above the genomic DNA, while chromosomal aberrations are shown below (solid triangles indicate insertions of transposable elements and upward arrows indicate breakpoints of translocations and inversions). (nih.gov)
Segregation1
- The 82nd Cold Spring Harbor Symposium focused on Chromosome Segregation & Structure and addressed the enormous progress in our understanding of the nature and behavior of chromosomes during the life cycle of the cell. (cshlpress.com)
Modal1
- The modal number of chromosomes is 25 per cell. (europa.eu)
Meiosis1
- Golic and Hawley are progeny of the Larry Sandler lineage, steeped in the traditions of meiosis, hard-core chromosome mechanics, fly lore and scholarship. (silverchair.com)
Cells12
- Chromosomes got their name by early cell biologists when they observed certain dark-staining objects in dividing cells. (carnivorousplants.org)
- In human dividing cells 46 chromosomes can be observed. (carnivorousplants.org)
- The passage number of cells used in the chromosomal aberration test was 40 for 24 hours treatment, 40 for 48 hours treatment by the direct method, and 23 by the metabolic activation method. (europa.eu)
- Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
- We present a computational model for calculating the yield of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in human cells based on a stochastic Monte Carlo approach and calibrated using the relative frequencies and distributions of chromosomal aberrations reported in the literature. (bioone.org)
- The genotoxic potential of carbendezim (fungicide) was investigated by using chromosome aberration in Allium cepa L. root tip cells. (rjpponline.org)
- In this study, the effects of Carbendezim, a systemic fungicide were investigated in the mitotic cell division in onion (Allium cepa L.) root tip cells during germination. (rjpponline.org)
- To overcome the limitations brought upon by cellular fixation, membrane-permeant DNA fluorophores were designed to stain DNA stoichiometrically in live-cells (supravital staining), enabling both the quantification of DNA content and the ability to track the movement of chromosomes over time. (biomedcentral.com)
- The anti-mitotic potential observed shows that the oil contain compounds that may be useful in development of anti-cancer medicines to prevent the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. (edu.ng)
- In this research the genotoxic effects of spirotetramat have been determined by the meaning of mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal abnormality in Allium cepa L. root tip meristematic cells. (comu.edu.tr)
- Only cells with complete chromosome number were scored for chromosomal aberrations which were classified and recorded as recommended by the World Health Organization [25]. (edu.mk)
- Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
10001
- 0.05) the mitotic index at 100 and 1000 µg/l alone, and at 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/l when combined with HgCl2, showing a synergistic cytotoxic effect. (ufpa.br)
Instability3
- Overexpression of Aurora-A, a mitotic kinase, results in chromosomal instability and cell transformation. (tmu.edu.tw)
- Chromosome instability (CIN) is an increased rate where chromosome acquire alterations due to errors in cell division. (encyclopedia.pub)
- If these structures are manipulated incorrectly, through processes known as chromosomal instability and translocation, the cell may undergo mitotic catastrophe . (wikipedia.org)
Homologous2
- The enhancer is not only able to activate transcription of the Scr promoter that is 35 kb distant but can also activate transcription of the Scr promoter on the homologous chromosome. (nih.gov)
- When not physically linked, the elements interact with elements on the homologous chromosome and cause derepression of its wild-type Scr gene. (nih.gov)
Acentric1
- Such structures are a result of chromosome fragments or entire acentric chromosomes which are lost during a cell division. (bvsalud.org)
Concentration2
- The highest concentration decided in the dose determination test was employed as the maximum dose for the chromosomal aberration test. (europa.eu)
- The highest concentration should reduce the mitotic index to about 50 % as compared to the solvent control. (europa.eu)
Assays2
- The transcription factor of Aurora-A was investigated by promoter activity, chromosome immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and small interfering RNA (shRNA) assays. (tmu.edu.tw)
- These assays can detect mutations in the Tk gene that result from both gene mutations and chromosome damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Onion roots1
- However, no chromosomal aberrations were observed in onion roots exposed to water (control). (notulaebiologicae.ro)
Genomic1
- Undoubtedly, advances in molecular biology will allow scientists to determine the exact genomic aberration responsible for each specific neoplasm. (medscape.com)
Gene2
- If not fixed DNA harm can result in gene mutations as well as chromosome aberrations. (biosemiotics2013.org)
- We used a large number of existing chromosomal aberrations in the Scr homeotic gene to investigate the functions of the cis -acting elements within the endogenous gene. (nih.gov)
Fragments1
- A previously developed DNA-fragmentation model for high- and low-LET radiation called the NASARadiationTrackImage model was enhanced to simulate a stochastic process of the formation of chromosomal aberrations from DNA fragments. (bioone.org)
Increases2
- Significant increases in mitotic aberrations, predominantly monopolar, were observed by exposure to all MW for 24 hours. (cdc.gov)
- Our results showed that spirotetramat induced significant increases of chromosomal aberrations such as table and pole shifting , chromosomal bridge In addition that mitotic index (MI) decreased significantly with increasing of spirotetramat doses and the exposure time as compared to their controls. (comu.edu.tr)
Mutagenic1
- 5-methoxypsoralen has also been noted for its mutagenic effects as well as its capacity for being a very potent agent for inducing chromosome aberrations. (wikipedia.org)
Eukaryotic1
- This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
Doses1
- The chromosome aberration rate was most sensitive to the radiation: it increased immediately after exposure at all doses. (bvsalud.org)
Heredity2
- It was not until the early 20 th century that it was demonstrated that chromosomes contain the material of hereditary and it took until the middle 20 th century to determine that DNA in chromosomes was the principle coding molecule of heredity. (carnivorousplants.org)
- In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)
Human1
- Chromosome damages are widely used as biomarkers in monitoring human exposure to carcinogenic agents [8, 20, 36]. (bvsalud.org)
Alterations1
- The current investigation was carried out to study the effects of IM on the early growth parameters of chickpea seedlings, especially chromosomal aberrations and biochemical alterations. (jabonline.in)
Genes1
- Lighter bands on chromosomes called euchromatin where genes are expressed. (mindmeister.com)
Structures1
- Otto Bütschli was the first scientist to recognize the structures now known as chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Promoter1
- The chromosomal aberrations identified an imaginal leg enhancer about 35 kb upstream of the Scr promoter. (nih.gov)
Genetic material3
- In spite of our lack of attention to chromosomes and chromosome numbers in formally defining species, it is the chromosomes and the genetic material they contain that define true species and control the evolution of new species. (carnivorousplants.org)
- The more similar the chromosomes (the genome and epigenome as well as chromosome number) the more likely hybrids will form and reproduce but also the more likely the net result will only be the introgression of genetic material from one species to the other. (carnivorousplants.org)
- A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
Test2
- Under the conditions of the study the test material induced chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts. (europa.eu)
- Wilhelm Roux suggested that each chromosome carries a different genetic configuration , and Boveri was able to test and confirm this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)
Cell division1
- Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
Damages1
- Any substance that damages DNA or chromosomes, or changes genetic activity, is genotoxic because it is acting on the same material, i.e. the DNA molecule. (whale.to)
Species4
- Chromosome number could be but is not considered a defining attribute of a taxonomic species. (carnivorousplants.org)
- Chromosome number is not an effective feature in the definition of biological species either although differences in chromosome number can produce different biological species. (carnivorousplants.org)
- Drosera can have anywhere from 8 to 80 chromosomes depending on the species. (carnivorousplants.org)
- There are two factors related to chromosomes and species that work separately and together to make life interesting. (carnivorousplants.org)
Bridges2
- The herbicide was highly mito-inhibitory and induced chromosomal irregularities, such as stickiness, lagging, scattering, and chromosome bridges. (jabonline.in)
- The low density and small size of these bridges, and aneuploid chromosome number biologically persistent particles makes respiratory were observed. (cdc.gov)