Mitotic cell cycle arrest and apoptosis cell cycle checkpoints. Medical search. Frequent questions

We have already written a detailed blogpost about the characteristic phases of mitosis but as a reminder, metaphase describes the stage when the cell's chromosomes align along an invisible line in the center of the cell called the metaphasic plate. (nanolive.ch)
Cells entering mitosis in the presence of Taxol form abnormal spindles that contain additional spindle poles. (nanolive.ch)
Cell cycle analysis revealed arsenite-sensitive cells arrested in mitosis whereas arsenite-resistant cells did not, suggesting that induction of mitotic arrest occurs at lower intracellular arsenic concentrations. (uky.edu)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the growth of new blood vessels that feed tumors and kinesin spindle protein (KSP) plays a critical role in mitosis involving in cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results establish a crucial role for E4F during early embryonic cell cycles and reveal an unexpected function for E4F in mitosis. (cnrs.fr)
Many chemotherapeutic agents explore defects in the cell cycle machinery of cancer cells to halt the cycle through mitosis inhibition. (medicalxpress.com)
However, existing mitosis-targeting chemotherapeutic agents do not discriminate between healthy and malignant cell lines, resulting in severe side-effects . (medicalxpress.com)
The challenge therefore is to identify molecular targets associated with mitosis of cancer cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Cell mitosis is an attractive target to effectively treat a variety of cancer forms, where microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) assist cells to maintain the stability of cell dynamics. (medicalxpress.com)
Similar to these drugs, eribulin is a microtubule inhibitor that induces apoptosis of cancer cells by stopping mitosis in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle . (shu.edu)
Exposure of the cells to gemcitabine at G2/M transition abolished the progression of mitosis, caused mitotic arrest and failure to exit mitosis as evidenced by the inhibition of Cyclin B degradation and absence of de-phosphorylation of cdc-2 at Tyr 15 residue. (bmj.com)
Polo-like kinases (Plks) a family group of 5 crucial serine/threonine kinases (Plk1-Plk5) involved with cell division and mitosis represent a promising target. (researchensemble.com)
Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
2011 These results suggested that caffeine induced WYE-125132 apoptosis in tumors by inhibiting the ATR/Chk1 pathway and by advertising lethal mitosis. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
In additional studies we found that a single irradiation with UVB in p53 knockout mice markedly decreased the number of mitotic cells with cyclin B1 and sensitized these mice to caffeine-induced lethal mitosis by several-fold (Lou et al. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
At the onset of mitosis, centrosomes become the core structures of spindle poles and direct the formation of mitotic spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
In early mitosis, the cohesion between the two pairs of centrioles is broken and each of them participates in the formation of the mitotic spindle pole. (biomedcentral.com)
During mitosis the two centrosomes are present and form the mitotic spindle poles. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that Plk1 suppressed the activity of RSK1 during embryonic mitosis and that Plk1 was inhibited during embryonic diapause and mitotic arrest. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Therefore it would be interesting to examine the control mechanism of cell cycle progression in which RSK1 affects Myt1 in meiosis and Plk1 affects Myt1 in mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. (arigobio.cn)
Microtubules are dynamic, polymeric structures, which (besides other biological functions) are major constituents of the mitotic spindle, the latter being essential for the separation of chromosomes during mitosis. (medicalnotes.info)
A range of secondary metabolites of plants interfere with the process of assembling and disassembling of microtubules, resulting in the arrest of cells in mitosis and apoptosis. (medicalnotes.info)
Recently, certain cancer chemotherapy agents have been found to exert their anticancer activities by disrupting the dynamics of microtubule assembly, thus perturbing the formation and function of the mitotic spindle apparatus and arresting cells in mitosis. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Our results strongly support the idea that SP600125 inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting mitosis through extended tubulin polymerization. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

These findings have indicated that the important role of KSP in mitotic progression makes it an significant candidate of anticancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Embryos lacking E4F die at the peri-implantation stage, while in vitro-cultured E4F(-/-) blastocysts exhibit defects in mitotic progression, chromosomal missegregation, and increased apoptosis. (cnrs.fr)
Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. (affbiotech.com)
Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (cubebiosystems.com)
Reactivated after successful DNA repair through WIP1-dependent signaling leading to CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation and restoring cell cycle progression. (arigobio.cn)
PIG3 knockdown led to an abnormal DNA damage response, including decreased IR-induced phosphorylation of H2AX, Chk1, Chk2 and Kap-1 as well as a prolonged G2-M arrest and aberrant mitotic progression. (ijbs.com)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)

Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage. (shu.edu)
Small interfering RNA depletion of Bod1 in HeLa cells produces elongated mitotic spindles with severe biorientation defects. (rupress.org)
Bod1 depletion does not affect the activity or localization of Aurora B but does cause mislocalization of the microtubule depolymerase mitotic centromere- associated kinesin and prevents its efficient phosphorylation by Aurora B. Therefore, Bod1 is a novel kinetochore protein that is required for the detection or resolution of syntelic attachments in mitotic spindles. (rupress.org)

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
It also exhibited greater suppression on cell proliferation as well as cell migration or invasion capabilities and induction of apoptosis in Hep3B cells than single siRNA simultaneously. (biomedcentral.com)
Silencing of VEGF and KSP plays a key role in inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inducing apoptosis of Hep3B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Knockdown of HMGA1 in KKU-055-CSC suppressed the expression of stem cell markers, induced the differentiation followed by cell proliferation, and enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs including Aurora A inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
These CIN mechanisms and their signatures can be largely found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Binding of one molecule of eribulin to two microtubules can inhibit cell proliferation by 50%, and such binding is reversible. (shu.edu)
Cell viability, proliferation, DNA damage response and apoptosis were investigated using immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. (bmj.com)
Results Gemcitabine treatment caused DNA damage, cellular stress, inhibited proliferation and activated cell cycle check-point sensors and induced apoptosis as shown by increased expression of g-histone H2AX, p-JNK, Chk-1/Chk-2, cleaved forms of PARP and caspase-3 in the asynchronous cells in a dose dependent manner. (bmj.com)
As a result, the proliferation and in vitro AMH and oestrogen production of the cells were decreased at post-exposure 24h. (bmj.com)
In the cells synchronized at S phase gemcitabine significantly inhibited DNA synthesis and blocked their proliferation. (bmj.com)
In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
The most significant pathways and BPs that were deregulated in the primary disease condition were associated with the cell cycle and fibroblast proliferation procedures. (genominfo.org)
Results demonstrated that pristimerin was toxic against the two cell lines, and exhibited inhibitory effects against proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
These results indicate that JNK activity may regulate cell proliferation through the regulation of cell cycles. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)

Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of tumor cells or non-transformed normal but proliferating cells. (oncotarget.com)
Weighed against its homologs Plk1 (and its own connected signaling pathway) offers attracted much interest because overexpression of Plk1 can be firmly correlated with carcinogenesis (10 11 Furthermore inhibition of Plk1 using RNA disturbance (RNAi) or particular little molecule inhibitors causes development arrest or apoptosis in tumor cells (12-14). (biospraysehatalami.com)
This cycle is primarily regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin complexes, checkpoint kinases, and CDK inhibitors. (medicalnotes.info)
Given its importance in tumorigenesis, several cell cycle inhibitors have emerged as potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancers-both as single-agent therapy and in combination with traditional cytotoxic or molecular targeting agents. (medicalnotes.info)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

In pediatric solid tumors and brain tumors, PLK1 inhibition leads to apoptosis in vitro and in tumor xenografts. (childrenscolorado.org)
The novel PLK1 inhibitor, onvansertib, is the first available for oral administration and has shown tumor growth inhibition in hematologic tumors, osteosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer and colon adenocarcinoma cells. (childrenscolorado.org)
Inhibition of glutathione synthesis, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and multidrug resistance protein (MRP) transporter function attenuated arsenite resistance, consistent with studies suggesting that arsenite is extruded from the cell as a glutathione conjugate by MRP-1. (uky.edu)
However, no sigificant difference in the mRNA and protein levels of ANG2, involving inhibition of angiogenesis was found in HUVECs cultured with supernatant of Hep3B cells treated with siRNA cocktail, compared to that of VEGF-siRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)
These effects were associated with the inhibition of the phosphorylation of tubulin, as well as the induction of multiple pathways that lead to cell death. (sunquicksf.com)
In addition to apoptosis induction ( 11 ), the mechanisms involved in the anticancer effects of pristimerin include stimulation of reactive oxygen species generation ( 15 ), blocking of nuclear factor-κB ( 16 ) and proteasome inhibition ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The underlying mechanisms of these effects were primarily mediated by G 1 phase cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulate kinase 1/2 (Erk 1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Some studies have reported that the G2 M arrest induced by SP600125 may be due to inhibition of cyclin B Cdk1 kinase activity through an increase in p21 levels. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Thus, inhibition of JNK activity prevents dissociation between p21 and JNK, and then prevents inhibition of cyclin B Cdk1 activity, leading to induction of G2 M arrest. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

Both LNCaP and HeLa cells were continuously exposed to clinically achievable concentrations of paclitaxel and observed for activation of programmed cell death as measured by cytotoxic dose-response curves, poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage, bcl-2 phosphorylation, and the activation of caspase-7 (interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE)-LAP3). (johnshopkins.edu)
Initially, we asked whether paclitaxel-induced bcl-2 phosphorylation is triggered by the spindle assembly checkpoint via an active cdc2 kinase-dependent pathway and whether phosphorylation of endogenous bcl-2 is the signal that activates cell death machinery. (johnshopkins.edu)
Paclitaxel-induced G 2 /M cell cycle arrest correlated with cdc2 kinase activity and bcl-2 phosphorylation. (johnshopkins.edu)
In addition, we confirmed that the death-decision of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis is not mediated by bcl-2 phosphorylation and believe that this decision may be mediated by the activated spindle assembly checkpoint. (johnshopkins.edu)
These data illustrate the powerful legislation of checkpoint function recommending that phosphorylation of Chk1 on Serine 317 is WYE-125132 normally controlled by p53 position which p53 may become a molecular on/off change for phosphorylation here. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
In addition studies on HeLa cells using Plk1 siRNA interference and overexpression showed that phosphorylation of RSK1 increased upon interference and decreased after overexpression suggesting that Plk1 inhibits RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
You can find six phosphorylation sites in RSK1 that are crucial for its activation and its own subsequent part in substrate phosphorylation (21 22 Of the phosphorylation of Ser-380 can be very important to RSK1 activation traveling functions such as for example rules of gene manifestation and protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation as a downstream Nisoxetine hydrochloride kinase in the Mos-MAPK pathway (23). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Inactivated by PKR/EIF2AK2- and WEE1-mediated phosphorylation upon DNA damage to stop cell cycle and genome replication at the G2 checkpoint thus facilitating DNA repair. (arigobio.cn)
In proliferating cells, CDK1-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation at the G2-M phase represses FOXO1 interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thereby promotes FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcription factor activity, leading to cell death of postmitotic neurons. (arigobio.cn)

Taxol works by stabilizing the microtubule polymer, preventing the disassembly of microtubules during the fourth phase of cell division, metaphase [3,4]. (nanolive.ch)
Taxol disrupts normal microtubule dynamics, activating the spindle checkpoint, which triggers mitotic arrest and/or cell death via apoptosis [3,4]. (nanolive.ch)
This illustration shows the proposed relative location of the 2 known cell cycle arrest points in cells with MTD (microtubule damage). (shu.edu)
G1MTC, G1 phase microtubule checkpoint. (shu.edu)
The centrosome cycle (1 or 2 MTOC indicates microtubule organizing centers) is shown to be coordinated with the DNA/chromosome cycle (2N or 4N DNA content). (shu.edu)
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In animal cells, centrosomes represent the major microtubule-organizing structures (MTOC). (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, SP600125 has a strong anticancer effect against leukemia cells in a dose and time dependent manner by promoting tubulin polymerization and disrupting the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Bod1-depleted cells form syntelic attachments that can oscillate and generate enough force to separate sister kinetochores, suggesting that microtubule-kinetochore interactions were intact. (rupress.org)

Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
History Polo-like kinases (Plks) control multiple steps during the cell cycle and Plk1 is overexpressed in urothelial cancer (UC). (researchensemble.com)
Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
It interacts with a site on tubulin that's not affected by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) or mitotic spindle checkpoint proteins. (sunquicksf.com)
Cell department is controlled through cooperation of different kinases. (biospraysehatalami.com)
That SP600125 induces endoreduplication signals, promotes tubulin polymerization, a critical process in cell division, and induces delayed apoptosis in leukemia Aurora kinases cells. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

SHK induced apoptosis of ATLL cells accompanied by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. (bvsalud.org)
The fenbendazole-induced apoptosis occurred through the induction of multiple pathways, including p21-mediated cell-cycle arrest. (sunquicksf.com)
Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. (cubebiosystems.com)
In some p53 mutants, induction of cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis was found to be associated with a lack of induction of PIG3 expression ( 2 ). (ijbs.com)

In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together these findings provide insights into the regulation of Plk1 during cell division and diapause cyst formation and the correlation between the activity of Plk1 and RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (cubebiosystems.com)
LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (cubebiosystems.com)
Previous evidence points to numerous components of the spindle assembly checkpoint and mitotic regulation playing a major role in several cancers [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Treatment with a ROS scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), blocked both loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ER stress, and prevented apoptosis of ATLL cells, indicating that ROS is an upstream trigger of SHK-induced apoptosis of ATLL cells through disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and ER stress. (bvsalud.org)
These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)
This results in the disruption of the cell cycle and ultimately leads to cell death. (sunquicksf.com)
Lastly, through gene expression profiling we have demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the paclitaxel resistant cell lines, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

Releasing Bod1-depleted cells from a monastrol block increases the frequency of syntelic attachments and the number of cells displaying biorientation defects. (rupress.org)
Present findings indicate that T44Bf-mediated antiproliferative effects are associated with a reversible chronic mitotic arrest caused by defects in chromosome alignment, followed by induced programmed cell death. (tmu.edu.tw)

The expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated by Western blotting. (researchsquare.com)
Proteomics identified the 5925 proteins in total, and the significantly upregulated proteins in CSC compared with FCS-induced differentiated CSC and its parental cells were extracted. (bvsalud.org)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
After an individual contact with UVB regular epidermal cells from a p53 knockout mouse portrayed a relatively advanced of phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) while epidermal cells from a p53wild-type littermate induced p53 proteins and expressed a comparatively low degree of phospho-Chk1 (Ser317). (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

However continued UVB exposure increases the rate of recurrence of p53 mutant clones in pores and skin which can lead to the selective loss of the G1 checkpoint pathway therefore sensitizing the cells to UV-damage and enhancing carcinogenesis. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)

Anti-mitotic therapies have been considered a hallmark in strategies against abnormally proliferating cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
Our findings further describe a novel activity for a benzophenone thiosemicarbazone and propose T44Bf as a promising anti-mitotic prototype to develop chemotherapeutic agents to treat acute leukemia malignancies. (tmu.edu.tw)

Cell cycle and DNA replication are top signaling hubs for medulloblastoma cell growth. (childrenscolorado.org)
The early preinvasive stage was characterized by cell-cycle checkpoint activation triggered by DNA replication stress and dramatic downregulation of basic transmembrane signaling processes that maintain epithelial/stromal homeostasis in the normal mucosa. (biomedcentral.com)

The purpose of this study is to examine the therapeutic potential of dual gene targeted siRNA cocktail on human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been known that human cancer is a gene-related disease involving abnormal cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
The researchers screened 20 solid cancer cell lines relative to gene silencing to identify a highly responsive chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cell line that underwent significant depletion in mitotic spindle-dynamics for effective experimental cancer treatment. (medicalxpress.com)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. (affbiotech.com)
gene was first identified during screening of for mutants defective in cell division. (biospraysehatalami.com)
The p53-inducible gene 3 (PIG3) was originally indentified by Polyak et al in the analysis of p53-induced genes related to the onset of apoptosis ( 1 ). (ijbs.com)
We have generated paclitaxel resistant ovarian cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines to determine driver mechanisms of drug resistance using gene expression arrays. (biomedcentral.com)
These paclitaxel resistant ovarian cells demonstrate: (1) Increased IC 50 for paclitaxel and docetaxel (10 to 75-fold) and cross-resistance to anthracyclines (2) Reduced cell apoptosis in the presence of paclitaxel (3) Gene depletion involving mitotic regulators BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cyclin BI (CCNB1), centromere protein E (CENPE), and centromere protein F (CENPF), and (4) Functional data validating gene depletion among mitotic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
These pre-clinical models were used to observe cytotoxicity, cell cycle modulation and changes in gene expression to examine the mechanisms driving drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Within this research, we sought to determine novel splice variants with the BCLL gene, a member within the apoptosis associated BCL family members, determined by examination of EST sequences. (mirnamimic.com)

To attempt to identify the relationship of the key regulator molecules in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis using two metastatic cell lines: the human prostate carcinoma LNCaP line and the cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line. (johnshopkins.edu)
Analysis of synchronized HeLa cells demonstrated that endogenous bcl-2 is phosphorylated in a G 2 /M cell cycle- dependent manner without apoptosis. (johnshopkins.edu)
Although, their part in EMT remains unclear, overexpression of ei ther ARRB1 or ARRB2 in HeLa cells inhibits NF B medi ated transcription. (pka-signal.com)
We have combined the proteomic analysis of Xenopus laevis in vitro-assembled chromosomes with RNA interference and live cell imaging in HeLa cells to identify novel factors required for proper chromosome segregation. (rupress.org)

These data suggest that arsenite has potential for treatment of solid tumors but a functional spindle checkpoint is a prerequisite for a positive response to its clinical application. (uky.edu)
Immunohistochemical evaluation of serial stored paraffin sections from 42 keratoacanthomas and 11 squamous cell carcinomas demonstrated that skin tumors from UVB-exposed mice showed an inverse relationship (>95%) between p53 protein expression and phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) however not phospho-Chk1 (Ser345) protein expression. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
2000 Continuous treatment of mice WYE-125132 with topical caffeine during an UVB-induced carcinogenesis study significantly inhibited tumor formation diminished phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) immunostaining and improved the number of mitotic cells expressing both cyclin B1 and caspase 3 in tumors (Lu et al. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)

This process leads to the rapid degradation of the TIM protein, allowing organisms to entrain at dawn to environmental cycles. (wikipedia.org)
In light-dark cycles, TIM protein level decreases rapidly in late night/early morning, followed by the similar but more gradual changes in PER protein level. (wikipedia.org)
In some cell types, the photoreceptor protein cryptochrome (CRY) physically associates with TIM and helps regulate light-dependent degradation. (wikipedia.org)
The lack of arsenite-induced mitotic arrest in resistant cell lines was associated with a weakened spindle checkpoint resulting from reduced expression of spindle checkpoint protein BUBR1. (uky.edu)
The function of this protein in normal cell physiology remains largely unknown. (cnrs.fr)
One such protein is the cytoskeleton-associated protein 5 (CKAP5), widely expressed in a variety of cells to regulate the dynamics of microtubules in human cells. (medicalxpress.com)
The encoded protein responds to diverse cellular stresses to regulate expression of target genes, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, or changes in metabolism. (cubebiosystems.com)
Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)
However, a compensatory feedback of increased mRNA expression of DNA-PKcs was formed in PIG3-depleted cells after a few passages or cell cycles of subculture, which led the recovery of the DNA-PKcs protein level and the consequent recovered efficiency of the DNA damage response. (ijbs.com)

Chromosome instability (CIN) is an increased rate where chromosome acquire alterations due to errors in cell division. (encyclopedia.pub)
Mitotic chromosome segregation requires the coordination of both regulatory and mechanical molecular machines and culminates in the delivery of two complete sets of chromosomes to two daughter cells. (rupress.org)

It is a cytoskeletal drug, which binds to a specific site on β-tubulin [2], a major component of the microtubules that form the structure and shape of eukaryotic cells. (nanolive.ch)
Only when all chromosomes are aligned, and every kinetochore is properly attached to a bundle of microtubules, can the cell proceed to enter anaphase. (nanolive.ch)
When fenbendazole binds with tubulin, it interrupts the assembly of the microtubules that are responsible for cell growth and division. (sunquicksf.com)

IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. (affbiotech.com)

During oocyte maturation RSK both phosphorylates and down-regulates Myt1 causing prophase I arrest (24). (biospraysehatalami.com)

In G1 phase, cells have a single centrosome consisting of two centrioles joined by cohesion fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
Each cell inherits one centrosome after the completion of cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosome duplication is tightly regulated and limited at once per cell cycle through a mechanism that prevents re-duplication. (biomedcentral.com)

Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
The shape of the current response kept unaffected, ATP-competitive Chk inhibitor consistent with the entire cell dimensions. (mdmsignaling.com)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations. (encyclopedia.pub)
We present a computational model for calculating the yield of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in human cells based on a stochastic Monte Carlo approach and calibrated using the relative frequencies and distributions of chromosomal aberrations reported in the literature. (bioone.org)

VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)
This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
In conclusion, we have established a unique CCA stem-like cell model and identified the HMGA1-Aurora A signaling as an important pathway for CSC-CCA. (bvsalud.org)
Our results indicate that the events associated with paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity are connected to each other and represent the signaling network of paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest and cell death. (johnshopkins.edu)
We employed TNF as being a proinflammatory cytokine to en hance TGFB induced EMT in our model system, and we discover that genes that propagate TNF signaling are upregulated and strongly enriched in GC16 and GC19. (pka-signal.com)
Additional examination of GC16 and GC19 exposed en richment for more pathways broadly linked with cancer and EMT, the majority of which overlap or crosstalk with TNF, MAPK, or EGFR signaling. (pka-signal.com)
GC16 is enriched for your cytokines and inflammatory response and interleukin one processing pathways, when GC19 is enriched for T cell receptor signaling. (pka-signal.com)
2010 UVB-induced DNA damage activates the ATR signaling pathway leading to elevated p53 and phospho-Chk1 (Ser317) and cell cycle arrest therefore allowing time for DNA restoration. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)

The KKU-055-CSC exhibits CSC characteristics, including: (1) the ability to grow stably and withstand continuous passage for a long period of culture in the stem cell medium, (2) high expression of stem cell markers, (3) low responsiveness to standard chemotherapy drugs, (4) multilineage differentiation, and (5) faster and constant expansive tumor formation in xenograft mouse models. (bvsalud.org)
Cellular growth, development, and differentiation are tightly controlled by a conserved biological mechanism: the cell cycle. (medicalnotes.info)
Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent mechanistic studies from our laboratory showed that caffeine inhibited the ATR/Chk1 pathway improved the number of apoptotic cells and reduced tumor formation in UVB-exposed epidermis MTRF1 (Huang et al. (technologybooksindustrialprojectreports.com)
Additionally, PIG3 mediates cancer cell death through the GPx3 pathway, and knocking down PIG3 or blocking the interaction between PIG3 and GPx3 would abolish the increase in ROS and apoptosis ( 5 ). (ijbs.com)
We have generated model systems to explore drug resistance in ovarian cancer, which have revealed a key pathway related to the spindle assembly checkpoint underlying paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)

The oncogenic kinase PLK1 controls cell cycle and growth and is a cancer therapeutic target. (childrenscolorado.org)
Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is highly expressed in rapidly dividing normal cells and is overexpressed in many types of cancer, including Group 3 medulloblastoma, and is associated with poor prognosis. (childrenscolorado.org)
An investigation of PLK1 expression in DepMap found PLK1 is a critical mediator in 55 central nervous system cell lines, including eight medulloblastoma cell lines. (childrenscolorado.org)
Four polo family members are present in mammalian cells: Plk1 Plk2/Snk Plk3/Fnk/Prk and Plk4/Sak. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Degradation of Mos inactivates p90RSK when mature metaphase II-arrested oocytes are fertilized (25-27) and Myt1 forms a complex with Plk1. (biospraysehatalami.com)

Destruction of cyclin B during metaphase results in inactivation of Cdk1, allowing mitotic exit and cell division. (arigobio.cn)

RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
Pristimerin has also been reported to induce apoptosis of various human cancer cells, including in multiple myeloma ( 10 ), breast ( 11 ), liver ( 12 ), pancreatic ( 13 ) and prostate cancer ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Rather than mounting a long-term mitotic arrest, these cells enter anaphase and divide their chromosomes in multiple directions, resulting in a multi-nucleated cell. (nanolive.ch)
For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)

The present study has shown that an increase in p21 expression coincides with the onset of G2 M arrest at 24 h, but that endoreduplication may occur due to loss of p21 and a maximum level of Cdk2 at 48 h. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

This ends the PER/TIM repression of the CLK/CYC-mediated transcription of per and tim genes, allowing per and tim mRNA to be produced to restart the cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The current models for CIN involve telomere dysfunction, defective spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair, genes involved in the cell cycle, and epigenetic regulators. (encyclopedia.pub)
Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)

If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)

RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)

Fenbendazole has also been shown to inhibit the growth of human melanoma, ovarian and prostate cancer cells in vitro. (sunquicksf.com)

Upon cytokinesis, each daughter cell receives only one centriole, which duplicates once per cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

In the present study, the anticancer potential of pristimerin was investigated in two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, CAL‑27 and SCC‑25. (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, elimination of the checkpoint increases the sensitivity of human tumor cell lines to anticancer agents. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

It's a mitotic catastrophe! (nanolive.ch)
The sub-cellular resolution of the microscopes allows us to observe the consequences of mitotic catastrophe in spectacular detail while EVE Analytics , Nanolive's complete software allows to quantify the increase in average cell dry mass density resulting from multinucleation. (nanolive.ch)
It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)

Simultaneous silencing of VEGF and KSP using siRNA cocktail yields promising results for eradicating hepatocellular carcinoma cells, a new direction for liver cancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)

ICP-MS analysis indicated that arsenite-resistant SK-Mel-28 cells did not accumulate less arsenic than arsenite-sensitive A375 cells, suggesting that resistance was not attributable to reduced arsenic accumulation but rather to intrinsic properties of resistant cell lines. (uky.edu)
We have generated isogenic paclitaxel resistant cell lines from their corresponding native cell lines which reflect the 3 most common ovarian histologic subtypes, these include serous, clear cell and endometrioid subtypes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. (researchsquare.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth leading cause for cancer deaths worldwide. (oncotarget.com)
Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)
Dose-dependent response of CKAP5 knockdown across various cancer cell lines. (medicalxpress.com)
In this work, Chatterjee and the team screened the effect of CKAP5 silencing in solid cancer cell lines and in normal non-cancer epithelial cell lines as a negative control. (medicalxpress.com)
13 Genome Plasticity and B Cell, University of Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Cancer Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. (jci.org)
In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Another exciting finding in the research of fenben for humans is that this compound can reactivate the p53 genome in cancer cells. (sunquicksf.com)
In turn, as a result of research into the abnormal cancer cell, the basic understanding of the cell has greatly improved. (medscape.com)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
[ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
however, the antitumor effects and underlying mechanisms of pristimerin in oral cancer cells have not yet been identified. (spandidos-publications.com)
Antitumor agents kill those cells that divide rapidly, which is one of the main property in most types of cancer cells. (medicalnotes.info)
Human ovarian cancer cell lines TOV21G (representing clear cell ovarian carcinoma) and TOV112D (representing endometrioid adenocarcinoma) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). The human ovarian epithelial-serous cell line COV504 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). (biomedcentral.com)
Because the expression of human and mouse Survivin splice variants in cancer cells continues to be proven on the mRNA level, we performed RT PCR to examine the presence of SurvivinGp splice kinds in adult guinea pig tissues. (mirnamimic.com)

Furthermore, pristimerin exhibited a more potent anti‑proliferative activity in CAL‑27 and SCC‑25 cells than the common chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and 5‑fluorouracil. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, the potent antitumor effects of pristimerin on OSCC cells were investigated. (spandidos-publications.com)
Pristimerin exhibited potent anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on the OSCC cell lines CAL-27 and SCC-25. (spandidos-publications.com)

Currently it is known that antitumor agents can arrest cell division by one or several mechanisms. (medicalnotes.info)

The G2 M checkpoint is especially important in protecting normal cells from tumor formation driven by the accumulation of mutations. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

M transition in the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
In a number of animal species, MZT roughly coincides with the mid-blastula transition (MBT) [ 20 ] when cells become motile and divide asynchronously. (biomedcentral.com)

The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is considered to be the most severe type of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation, and this form of DNA damage must be repaired immediately to prevent cell death. (ijbs.com)

Our experiment shows that this cell line at least, can tolerate multinucleation over short periods of time, which may prove useful for understanding of the properties of multinucleated cells, a subject of interest for researchers attempting to use cells cultured in vitro for tissue engineering [11]. (nanolive.ch)

90% are squamous cell carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
Because it is very invasive, the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is poor ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Tubulin is involved in a variety of essential cell functions, such as cell division and the transport of organelles and other molecules. (sunquicksf.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms8

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes87

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Mitosis25

Progression9

Spindles3

Proliferation17

Inhibitors6

Inhibition10

Phosphorylation9

Microtubule9

Kinases8

Induction4

Regulation7

Disruption4

Defects2

Proteins6

Selective2

Anti-mitotic2

Replication2

Gene11

HeLa4

Tumors3

Protein9

Chromosome2

Microtubules3

Immunofluorescence1

Regulates1

Centrosome3

Inhibitor2

Chromosomal2

Signaling9

Differentiation3

Pathway3

PLK15

Metaphase1

Induce3

Chromosomes2

Onset1

Genes3

Tumorigenesis2

Senescence1

Prostate cancer1

Cytokinesis1

Anticancer2

Catastrophe3

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

Head and neck squamous cell carc3

Resistant cell lines2

Cancer22

Potent3

Mechanisms1

Mutations1

Transition4

Severe1

Vitro1

Squamous2

Tubulin1