• Spindle poisons effectively cease the production of new cells by interrupting the mitosis phase of cell division at the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells have developed various checkpoints to carry out mitosis with great accuracy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early research concluded that spindle poisons, inserted to cells, caused a considerable reduction in the number of cells that exited mitosis, while the number of cells that entered mitosis dramatically increased. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitosis is prompted by the activation of (CDK1) by cyclin B. After confirmation of proper attachment of all chromosomes, the SAC is turned off and degradation of cyclin B occurs by way of the (APC/C). Spindle poisons, in contrast, inhibit kinetochores during mitosis and prevent them from forming proper attachments to spindle microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cells will either exit mitosis by a different pathway not normal to mitosis or they will apoptose. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA breaks and chromosome pulverization from errors in mitosis. (strangeindia.com)
  • We have already written a detailed blogpost about the characteristic phases of mitosis but as a reminder, metaphase describes the stage when the cell's chromosomes align along an invisible line in the center of the cell called the metaphasic plate. (nanolive.ch)
  • Cells entering mitosis in the presence of Taxol form abnormal spindles that contain additional spindle poles. (nanolive.ch)
  • Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
  • Plk1, the most thoroughly characterized member among the mammalian Plks, has multiple important roles in mitosis and cytokinesis, such as centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, activation of the anaphase promoting complex, chromosome segregation and execution of cytokinesis [ 3 , 4 , 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The techniques used in the Cytogenetic laboratory all aim to produce a maximum number of cells undergoing mitosis. (premiumdiagnostics.pk)
  • Further studies showed that P5091 induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and particularly induced chromosome misalignment, indicating the key roles of USP7 in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By overexpressing PLK1, USP7 that had been depleted by RNAi ceased to induce chromosome misalignment in mitosis and again supported cell proliferation and cell survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, and overcomes taxane resistance by inducing the protein degradation of PLK1, resulting in chromosome misalignment in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metaphase is one of the stages of mitosis which is characterized by the appearance of chromosomes due to condensation of duplicated genetic material (chromatin/genomic DNA). (laboratorynotes.com)
  • In the next stage of mitosis, the anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and dragged to opposite poles with the help of mitotic spindles. (laboratorynotes.com)
  • The region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis. (freezingblue.com)
  • mitosis → produces genetically identical daughter cells. (mindmeister.com)
  • Similar to these drugs, eribulin is a microtubule inhibitor that induces apoptosis of cancer cells by stopping mitosis in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle . (shu.edu)
  • But what all these life forms have in common is that their genetic code is copied from cell to cell thanks to the process of mitosis, whereby the nucleus of a cell splits into two before the cell divides. (visionlearning.com)
  • The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
  • The rate at which mitosis occurs depends on the cell type. (visionlearning.com)
  • During mitosis, however, the chromatin condenses making individual chromosomes visible under an ordinary light microscope. (visionlearning.com)
  • Classic anti-cancer strategies aimed at actively killing cancer cells include alkylating agents that generate crosslinks in DNA and trigger repair mechanisms to induce apoptosis, antimetabolites that severely disrupt nucleic acid synthesis, and alkaloids that interfere with microtubule polymerization/depolymerization and halt mitosis 2 . (cancerbiomed.org)
  • Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
  • Microtubules are dynamic, polymeric structures, which (besides other biological functions) are major constituents of the mitotic spindle, the latter being essential for the separation of chromosomes during mitosis. (medicalnotes.info)
  • A range of secondary metabolites of plants interfere with the process of assembling and disassembling of microtubules, resulting in the arrest of cells in mitosis and apoptosis. (medicalnotes.info)
  • An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
  • A spindle poison, also known as a spindle toxin, is a poison that disrupts cell division by affecting the protein threads that connect the centromere regions of chromosomes, known as spindles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Small interfering RNA depletion of Bod1 in HeLa cells produces elongated mitotic spindles with severe biorientation defects. (rupress.org)
  • Bod1 depletion does not affect the activity or localization of Aurora B but does cause mislocalization of the microtubule depolymerase mitotic centromere- associated kinesin and prevents its efficient phosphorylation by Aurora B. Therefore, Bod1 is a novel kinetochore protein that is required for the detection or resolution of syntelic attachments in mitotic spindles. (rupress.org)
  • Colcemid, an inhibitor of the mitotic spindle, inhibits the formation of mitotic spindles, thus stopping the segregation of chromosomes and cells remain in the metaphase. (laboratorynotes.com)
  • Eribulin exerts its effects via a tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism leading to G2/M cell-cycle block, disruption of mitotic spindles, and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death after prolonged mitotic blockage. (shu.edu)
  • Plk1 inhibitors target all rapidly dividing cells irrespective of tumor cells or non-transformed normal but proliferating cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • It is highly specific and shows no cross-reaction with other related mitotic inhibitors. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The available data suggest that USP7 inhibitors induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells through the p53 pathway, and sensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibitor-induced cell death [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment of vector control K562 cells with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1 recapitulated the growth kinetics, vacuolar morphology and LC3-II accumulation of CSN2 knockdown cells indicating that the cellular phenotype of CSN2 cells arises from autophagy inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
  • This cycle is primarily regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin complexes, checkpoint kinases, and CDK inhibitors. (medicalnotes.info)
  • Given its importance in tumorigenesis, several cell cycle inhibitors have emerged as potential therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancers-both as single-agent therapy and in combination with traditional cytotoxic or molecular targeting agents. (medicalnotes.info)
  • Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)
  • Ly, P. & Cleveland, D. W. Rebuilding chromosomes after catastrophe: emerging mechanisms of chromothripsis. (strangeindia.com)
  • It's a mitotic catastrophe! (nanolive.ch)
  • The sub-cellular resolution of the microscopes allows us to observe the consequences of mitotic catastrophe in spectacular detail while EVE Analytics , Nanolive's complete software allows to quantify the increase in average cell dry mass density resulting from multinucleation. (nanolive.ch)
  • M2 is characterized by many 'uncapped' chromosome ends, end-fusions, chromosome breakage fusion-bridge cycles, mitotic catastrophe and a high fraction of apoptotic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
  • TTFields can induce a number of biological responses, including mitotic catastrophe, to kill cancer cells by targeting polarizable intracellular molecules. (conditionmed.org)
  • Alternatively, mitotic catastrophe may occur and cause cell death. (smpdb.ca)
  • We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Motor proteins of the conserved kinesin-14 family have important roles in mitotic spindle organization and chromosome segregation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Some spindle poisons: Mebendazole Colchicine Griseofulvin Vinca Alkaloids Paclitaxel (Taxol) Taxane Mitotic inhibitor Wood KW, Cornwell WD, Jackson JR. (2001) Past and future of the mitotic spindle as an oncology target. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rather, p53 accumulation by either knockdown of Mdm2 or addition of an Mdm2 inhibitor, Nutlin-3, before irradiation strongly attenuated the UV-induced DDR and increased cell survival. (rupress.org)
  • This MAb recognizes a 27kDa protein, identified as the p27Kip1, a cell cycle regulatory mitotic inhibitor. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
  • Treatment of senescent cells with trichostatin A, a class I/II histone deacetylase inhibitor, also induced rapid and reversible decondensation of SAHFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromosome analysis demonstrated significantly increased centromere fragmentation and translocations from each MWCNT at each dose. (cdc.gov)
  • Selective Y centromere inactivation triggers chromosome shattering in micronuclei and repair by non-homologous end joining. (strangeindia.com)
  • Protein transport between the nuclear and the cytoplasmic compartment is a key factor for cell viability and proliferation. (massgeneral.org)
  • In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
  • The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
  • Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
  • Pharmacological USP7 inhibition by P5091 retarded cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a rare M2 cell, telomerase (a cellular reverse transcriptase) can be reactivated or up-regulated, resulting in indefinite cell proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Drs Constantinides Legoux and their colleagues have reported that commensal bacteria exert control of the development of MAIT cells in the thymus (the organ involved in the development and proliferation of T cells) and their subsequent expansion within mucosal tissue. (joessciencescorner.net)
  • Several recent studies point to an even broader range of activity for MAIT cells including: the control of bacterial, fungal and viral infections, a role in autoimmune disease and possible involvement in the immune processes involved in attacking the proliferation of tumor cells. (joessciencescorner.net)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
  • The regulated expression and degradation of proteins are critical to all aspects of cell development and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Binding of one molecule of eribulin to two microtubules can inhibit cell proliferation by 50%, and such binding is reversible. (shu.edu)
  • Cellular senescence is a stress response of mammalian cells leading to a durable arrest of cell proliferation that has been implicated in tumor suppression, wound healing, and aging. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Downregulation of CDCA5 Can Inhibit Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion, and Induce Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells. (nih.gov)
  • Taxol disrupts normal microtubule dynamics, activating the spindle checkpoint, which triggers mitotic arrest and/or cell death via apoptosis [3,4]. (nanolive.ch)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • Cell apoptosis or cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and chromosome misalignment was observed by a fluorescent microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • USP7 specifically dequbiquitinates and stabilizes both p53 and MDM2 to various degrees, and USP7 inhibition is expected to inactivate MDM2 and activate p53, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in cancer cells with functional p53 signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, T44Bf selectively induces apoptosis in leukemia cell lines when compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
  • These cells may continue progressing through the cell cycle as tetraploid cells (Adaptation I), may exit G1 phase and undergo apoptosis or senescence (Adaption II), or may escape to G1 and undergo apoptosis during interphase (Adaptation III). (smpdb.ca)
  • PP2A is involved in diverse regulatory functions, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA repair. (cancerbiomed.org)
  • Loss of cell division cycle‑associated 5 promotes cell apoptosis by activating DNA damage response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • Silencing oncogene cell division cycle associated 5 induces apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of non-small cell lung cancer cells via p53-p21 signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Only one unattached kinetochore is required to fuel a response that ultimately blocks cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • DTL (Cdc10-dependent transcript 2) is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and genomic stability. (transhumanist.ru)
  • A clonogenic assay, immunostaining, double thymidine block, imaging flow cytometry analysis, and a tumor spheroid formation assay were used to analyze the role of DTL in tumor cell growth, cell cycle progression, micronucleation, ploidy, and tumorigenicity. (transhumanist.ru)
  • It functions as a negative regulator of G1 progression and has been proposed to function as a possible mediator of TGF- � � induced G1 arrest. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Important regulator of cell cycle progression. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • A fresh medium can slow down the cell cycle progression. (laboratorynotes.com)
  • Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
  • miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Prophase I arrest and progression to metaphase I in mouse oocytes are controlled by Emi1-dependent regulation of APC(Cdh1). (nih.gov)
  • Mouse emi1 has an essential function in mitotic progression during early embryogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • At lower clinically relevant concentrations, vincristine can block mitotic progression. (smpdb.ca)
  • Progression from metaphase to anaphase is blocked and cells enter a state of mitotic arrest. (smpdb.ca)
  • To understand the regulatory inputs that control early meiotic progression, we are working to determine how the oocyte initiates and then maintains the meiotic cycle within the challenging environment of the ovarian cyst. (nih.gov)
  • PP2A, a serine/threonine phosphatase composed of 3 distinct subunits-65-kDa PP2A-A (scaffold subunit), 55-kDa PP2A-B (regulatory subunit), and 37-kDa PP2A-C (catalytic subunit)-constitutes 0.2%-1.0% of the total protein content in mammalian cells and has been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle progression, DNA replication, gene transcription, and protein translation 5 - 8 . (cancerbiomed.org)
  • CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
  • The mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is a key regulator of the Spindle assembly checkpoint, which ensures the correct chromosome segregation. (lu.se)
  • Emi1 is a mitotic regulator that interacts with Cdc20 and inhibits the anaphase promoting complex. (nih.gov)
  • DTL depletion inhibited liver cancer cell growth, increased senescence, and reduced tumorigenesis. (transhumanist.ru)
  • We found that Dusp4 loss alone is insufficient in mediating tumorigenesis, but alternatively converges with loss in Trp53 and MYC amplification to induce tumorigenesis primarily through chromosome 5 amplification, which specifically upregulates Dbf4 , a cell cycle gene that promotes cellular replication by mediating cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study identifies a novel mechanism for breast tumorigenesis implicating Dusp4 loss and p53 mutations in cellular acquisition of Dbf4 upregulation as a driver of cellular replication and cell cycle checkpoint escape. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • DTL depletion resulted in the disruption of the mitotic proteins cyclin B, CDK1 , securin, seprase, Aurora A, and Aurora B as well as the upregulation of the cell cycle arrest gene [i]p21[/i]. (transhumanist.ru)
  • In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
  • This phenotype is associated with interaction of E2 with the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC) proteins Cdc20, MAD2 and BUBR1. (docksci.com)
  • The type II alveolar (ATII) cells produce pulmonary Rabbit polyclonal to PAI-3 surfactant that is required to prevent alveolar collapse and proteins that participate in innate defense of the lung (Mason, 2006). (cancercurehere.com)
  • Mitotic chromosome segregation requires the coordination of both regulatory and mechanical molecular machines and culminates in the delivery of two complete sets of chromosomes to two daughter cells. (rupress.org)
  • A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes: usually, one set from the mother and another set from the father. (freezingblue.com)
  • Incubate cells in standard culture condition (e.g., at 37 °C in a CO 2 incubator for mammalian cell lines growing in DMEM medium) for 1 to 2 hours in the cell culture incubator. (laboratorynotes.com)
  • Mammalian Emi2 mediates cytostatic arrest and transduces the signal for meiotic exit via Cdc20. (nih.gov)
  • Deacetylation of H4-K16Ac during senescence may explain reported decreases in this mark during mammalian aging and in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
  • CSN5 knockdown caused mitotic defects, G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CSN2 knockdown resulted in non-apoptotic cell death associated with accumulation of both the autophagy marker LC3-II and autophagic vacuoles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anti-mitotic therapies have been considered a hallmark in strategies against abnormally proliferating cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Our findings further describe a novel activity for a benzophenone thiosemicarbazone and propose T44Bf as a promising anti-mitotic prototype to develop chemotherapeutic agents to treat acute leukemia malignancies. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Gene fusions by chromothripsis of chromosome 5q in the VCaP prostate cancer cell line. (strangeindia.com)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Our study results indicate that DTL is a potential novel target gene for treating liver cancer through liver cancer cell senescence induction. (transhumanist.ru)
  • also, the main gene-carrying structure of a prokaryotic cell. (freezingblue.com)
  • The mouse Tzfp gene, mapped to chromosome 7 B2-B3, encodes a 465-amino acid transcription factor containing a conserved N-terminal BTB/POZ domain and three C-terminal PLZF-like C(2)H(2) zinc fingers. (lookformedical.com)
  • Releasing Bod1-depleted cells from a monastrol block increases the frequency of syntelic attachments and the number of cells displaying biorientation defects. (rupress.org)
  • Present findings indicate that T44Bf-mediated antiproliferative effects are associated with a reversible chronic mitotic arrest caused by defects in chromosome alignment, followed by induced programmed cell death. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Chromosome mis-segregation during female meiosis is the leading cause of miscarriages and birth defects in humans. (nih.gov)
  • Bod1-depleted cells form syntelic attachments that can oscillate and generate enough force to separate sister kinetochores, suggesting that microtubule-kinetochore interactions were intact. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Targeting DTL induces cell cycle arrest and senescence and suppresses cell growth and colony formation through TPX2 inhibition in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (transhumanist.ru)
  • A rescue assay indicated that DTL should be targeted through TPX2 downregulation for cancer cell growth inhibition. (transhumanist.ru)
  • The mechanism of vincristine is the inhibition of microtubule dynamics that would cause mitotic arrest and eventual cell death. (smpdb.ca)
  • A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)
  • Tampering with this tightly monitored distribution system can result in the production of irregular chromosome content, within each cell, commonly referred to as aneuploidy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Depletion of NUP107 inhibits the growth of GBM cell lines through p53 protein stabilization. (bvsalud.org)
  • p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
  • Exposure to each MWCNT led to significantly increased mitotic aberrations with multi- and monopolar spindle morphologies and fragmented centrosomes. (cdc.gov)
  • As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
  • Involved in regulation of mitotic cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, our results identify an unexpected function of SGO2 in mitotically dividing cells and a mechanism of separase regulation that is independent of securin but still supervised by the SAC. (nature.com)
  • Variable DNA compaction observed during senescence is explained in part by cell-type specific regulation of H4 deacetylation and HMGA1/2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and regulation of cell cycle process. (nih.gov)
  • Spindle Poisons and Cell Fate: A Tale of Two Pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the absence of cell-cycle checkpoint pathways (e.g. p53 and or p16/Rb), cells bypass M1 senescence and telomeres continue to shorten eventually resulting in crisis (also called the M2 stage). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Notably, exposure of cancer cells to TTFields has been shown to result in immunogenic cell death, which is reflected by damage-associated molecular patterns and the formation of micronuclei that further activate DNA sensor-related inflammatory pathways, indicating the immunomodulatory role for TTFields. (conditionmed.org)
  • Several pathways involved in cell cycle and DNA repair were affected upon NV651 treatment. (lu.se)
  • Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
  • Subsequently, chromosomes can not progress to the spindle equator at the spindle poles. (smpdb.ca)
  • In mammals, studies on the early stages of oogenesis face serious technical challenges in that entry into the meiotic cycle, meiotic recombination, and the initiation of the highly conserved prophase I arrest all occur during embryogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • How does the oocyte inhibit mitotic activity before meiotic maturation and the full growth and development of the egg? (nih.gov)
  • How do oocytes protect themselves from stress during the prolonged prophase I meiotic arrest? (nih.gov)
  • The latter mechanism facilitates a considerable degree of sister chromatid separation in securin-knockout cells that lack APC/C activity. (nature.com)
  • Normally, cells duplicate their genetic material and then produce two equal daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
  • Early clonal genetic events in benign hyperplastic lesions show losses at chromosomes 9p21 and 3p. (medscape.com)
  • Because in vitro genotoxicity is correlated with in vivo genotoxic response, these studies in primary human lung cells may predict the genotoxic potency in exposed human populations. (cdc.gov)
  • Our experiment shows that this cell line at least, can tolerate multinucleation over short periods of time, which may prove useful for understanding of the properties of multinucleated cells, a subject of interest for researchers attempting to use cells cultured in vitro for tissue engineering [11]. (nanolive.ch)
  • We have combined the proteomic analysis of Xenopus laevis in vitro-assembled chromosomes with RNA interference and live cell imaging in HeLa cells to identify novel factors required for proper chromosome segregation. (rupress.org)
  • Human fibroblast monocultures were found to be insufficient to fully replicate in vivo fibrosis outcomes suggesting in vitro predictive potential depends upon more advanced cell culture in vitro models. (cdc.gov)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • NV556 treatment in an in vitro 3D human liver Extracellular Matrix (ECM) cultured with a TGFβ1-activated human hepatic stellate cell line led to decreased collagen production. (lu.se)
  • In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Combining some of these neoadjuvant approaches with standard-of-care chemotherapy or radiotherapy appears to "sensitize" tumor cells to treatment. (cancerbiomed.org)
  • Deregulation of the cell cycle is a hallmark of the transformation of normal cells into tumor cells. (medicalnotes.info)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, overexpression of aurora-A in particular cell lines such as NIH3T3 is sufficient to induce growth on soft agar. (lookformedical.com)
  • MAD2, standing for mitotic arrest deficient 2, is a spindle checkpoint protein that plays an integral role in the human body. (prospecbio.com)
  • In addition to this interaction, MAD2 also interacts with Chk1, which is integral across multiple points of the cell cycle process, and this is one of the key interactions that plays a massive role in the process. (prospecbio.com)
  • The primary function of MAD2 is to accumulate at kinetochores, and generate a wait signal that functions to prevent the cell from progressing to the anaphase of the cell cycle until the appropriate moment, and this is integral to the process. (prospecbio.com)
  • SGO2-MAD2 can functionally replace securin and sequesters most separase in securin-knockout cells. (nature.com)
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Interestingly, replication stress in Brca2-null cells activates p53 and the expression of its target genes, including senescence-inducing Ink4/Arf. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given the previously reported role of DUSP4 as a p53 target, a potential cell cycle checkpoint, and in mediating senescence downstream of replication stress, we hypothesized that DUSP4 may be a critical oncogenic driver in breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reportedly, low p27 expression has been associated with unfavorable prognosis in renal cell carcinoma, colon carcinoma, breast carcinomas, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and lymph node metastases in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, as well as a more aggressive phenotype in carcinoma of the cervix. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • While BUBR1 silencing rescues the mitotic phenotype induced by E2, p53 silencing or presence of E6/E7 (inactivating p53 and increasing BUBR1 levels respectively) both amplify it. (docksci.com)
  • We conclude that CSN2 is required for CSN integrity and the stability of individual CSN subunits, and postulate that CSN2 loss results in a phenotype distinct from that of cells lacking CSN5 possibly as a consequence of altered CSN5 activity within a resultant CSN subcomplex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Murine alveolar cells cultured to maintain an ATII cell phenotype, determined by expression of LBP180, were susceptible to infection by all three viruses. (cancercurehere.com)
  • In contrast, ATII cells that were cultured to trans-differentiate into an ATI-like cell phenotype were susceptible to MHV-1 and PR8, but not mouse-adapted SARS-CoV. (cancercurehere.com)
  • The centrosome cycle (1 or 2 MTOC indicates microtubule organizing centers) is shown to be coordinated with the DNA/chromosome cycle (2N or 4N DNA content). (shu.edu)
  • 3T3-derived pre-adipocyte cells were exposed to 1 μM of Taxol and imaged using the 3×3 gridscan mode (a field of view of 275 μm 2 ) on Nanolive's automated microscope the CX-A . Images were captured every 3 mins for 20 h. (nanolive.ch)
  • A lack of high-resolution structures capturing a kinesin-8 motor domain at each major step of its motile and microtubule depolymerization cycles has limited our understanding of the relationship between these two catalytic cycles and the structural elements of the motor domain that control them. (nature.com)
  • At this time, our knowledge of the catalytic cycles of kinesins is limited to motile kinesins that are incapable of microtubule depolymerization, and to microtubule-depolymerizing kinesins that are non-motile. (nature.com)
  • The motility and depolymerization cycles in purely motile and purely depolymerizing kinesins are thus very different. (nature.com)
  • As a microtubule destabilizing agent, Vincristine stimulates mitotic spindle destruction and microtubule depolymerization at high concentrations. (smpdb.ca)
  • meiosis → produces genetically different daughter cells. (mindmeister.com)
  • The long-term goal of our laboratory is to understand how the cell-cycle events of meiosis are coordinated with the developmental and metabolic events of gametogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, in humans, it appears that the frequency and localization of MAIT cells throughout the organism changes over a lifetime and is apparently diminished in the elderly population. (joessciencescorner.net)
  • There is accumulating evidence that when only a few telomeres are short, they form end-associations, leading to a DNA damage signal resulting in replicative senescence (a cellular growth arrest, also called the M1 stage). (elsevierpure.com)
  • We find that together with loss-of-function mutations in p53 and, to some degree, potentiated by cMyc overexpression, Dusp4 deletion aids in cell cycle checkpoint escape while simultaneously potentiating hallmarks of replicative stress, including multinucleation and Chk1 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Decreased H4-K16Ac was observed in both replicative and oncogene-induced senescence of these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nanolive is exhibiting at the ASCB I EMBO Meeting, Cell Bio 2023. (nanolive.ch)
  • Presentation Nanolive is delighted to invite you to attend our upcoming presentation at the Cell Bio Meeting in Boston on December 4, 2023, from 10:15am to 11:00am in Theatre 1. (nanolive.ch)
  • Both USP7 and PLK1 were overexpressed in taxane-resistant cancer cells, and negatively correlated with the MP scores in tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Either USP7 or PLK1 knockdown by RNAi significantly sensitized taxane-resistant cells to taxane cell killing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This model will be critical for future studies to determine the roles of these specialized cell types in the pathogenesis of respiratory Roflumilast N-oxide viral infection. (cancercurehere.com)
  • Telomeres progressively shorten in almost all dividing cells and most human cells do not express or maintain sufficient telomerase activity to fully maintain telomeres. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Conclusions: Although MWCNT-HT & ND cause a lower incidence of genotoxicity, all three MWCNTs cause the same type of mitotic and chromosomal disruptions. (cdc.gov)