Mitosis inhibitor cell cycle checkpoint gene. Medical search. Frequent questions

RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
It also exhibited greater suppression on cell proliferation as well as cell migration or invasion capabilities and induction of apoptosis in Hep3B cells than single siRNA simultaneously. (biomedcentral.com)
Silencing of VEGF and KSP plays a key role in inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inducing apoptosis of Hep3B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Western Blotting was used to determine the level of expression of CDC2 protein as measure to quantify down regulation of CDC2 expression along with use of flow cytometry to investigate effect of shRNAs on cell cycles and detection of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CDC2 caused efficient deletion of CDC2, cellular G2/M arrest concluding in apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human glioma cells U251 and SHG-44 cell lines ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, extreme levels of CIN could lead to decreased cell fitness or apoptosis [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Upon treatment with Plk1 inhibitors, p53 in tumor cells is activated and induces strong apoptosis, whereas tumor cells with inactive p53 arrest in mitosis with DNA damage. (oncotarget.com)
In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
Alan Eastman mostly deals with Apoptosis, Molecular biology, Cell cycle, Programmed cell death and Biochemistry. (research.com)
His Apoptosis study integrates concerns from other disciplines, such as Intracellular pH, Intracellular and Chinese hamster ovary cell. (research.com)
Activation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by cisplatin, other anticancer drugs, toxins and hyperthermia. (research.com)
Alan Eastman focuses on Apoptosis, Cancer research, Molecular biology, Cell biology and DNA damage. (research.com)
Expression system for standard: Survivin(also termed API4) belongs to the family of genes known as inhibitors of apoptosis, and it has been implicated in both prevention of cell death and control of mitosis. (innov-research.com)
If cells containing damaged DNA were to divide, the errors would be transmitted to daughter cells, generating genomic instability and resulting in tumorigenesis or apoptosis . (tocris.com)
Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
In the present study, the levels of apoptosis were analyzed in dexamethasone‑sensitive (MM.1S), dexamethasone‑resistant (U266) and chemotherapy‑sensitive (RPMI 8226) myeloma cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
The mechanism of 6‑OAP cytotoxicity in all cell lines was associated with the induction of apoptosis with the presence of cleaved caspase‑3 and PARP. (spandidos-publications.com)
The incompletely differentiated plasma cells are characterized by deregulated apoptosis ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, whether 6-OAP-induced mitosis arrest and pathway inhibition are followed by apoptosis requires further study. (spandidos-publications.com)
6-OAP induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, as detected by DNA fragmentation assay. (spandidos-publications.com)
Weighed against its homologs Plk1 (and its own connected signaling pathway) offers attracted much interest because overexpression of Plk1 can be firmly correlated with carcinogenesis (10 11 Furthermore inhibition of Plk1 using RNA disturbance (RNAi) or particular little molecule inhibitors causes development arrest or apoptosis in tumor cells (12-14). (biospraysehatalami.com)
OKN-007 decreases tumor necrosis and tumor cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in a preclinical F98 rat glioma model. (omrf.org)
Duan H, Li Y, Lim HY, Wang W. Identification of 5-nitrofuran-2-amide derivatives that induce apoptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells by activating C/EBP-homologous protein expression. (omrf.org)
Within this research, we sought to determine novel splice variants with the BCLL gene, a member within the apoptosis associated BCL family members, determined by examination of EST sequences. (mirnamimic.com)
Tumour cells acquire the ability to proliferate uncontrollably, resist apoptosis, sustain angiogenesis and evade immune surveillance. (researchgate.net)
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
Upregulating the level of miR-323a-3p impaired the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells and promoted apoptosis, whereas supplementing NEK6 alleviated the damage of the proliferation, migration, and invasion of COAD cells caused by miR-323a-3p and inhibited miR-323a-3p-induced apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
These findings indicate that miR-323a-3p regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of COAD cells by targeting NEK6. (hindawi.com)
AP4 presumably contributes to the phenotype of cancer cells by activating or repressing genes that harbor CAGCTG elements in their promoter regions, thereby controlling processes such as proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
That SP600125 induces endoreduplication signals, promotes tubulin polymerization, a critical process in cell division, and induces delayed apoptosis in leukemia Aurora kinases cells. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

Over the next decade, he continued the search for genes and proteins involved in the DNA damage response pathway in yeasts and humans. (wikipedia.org)
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
During this work, the function of the proteins Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12, which were shown previously to be involved in ribosome biogenesis of mature cell lines, was investigated in mouse ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Localization of the proteins was predominantly nucleolar and the formation of a stable complex (PeBoW-complex), including all three proteins, was experimentally validated in mature mouse cells as well as in mouse ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Cell lysates had been resolved by SDS-PAGE, and proteins had been electro transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore, USA). (rockinhibitor.com)
In normal cells, each stage of the cell cycle is tightly regulated, however in cancer cells many genes and proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle are mutated or over expressed. (tocris.com)
The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
Any obstacles encountered by cells in this process can lead to 'replicative stress' ( Figure 1 ), 1 which may be overcome by replicative stress response proteins, but deficiencies in this response result in accumulated errors in DNA replication and loss of genomic integrity, which lead to cell death. (bmj.com)
Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
The advent of molecularly targeted drug discovery has facilitated the identification of a new generation of anti-mitotic therapies that target proteins with specific functions in mitosis. (researchgate.net)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
These compounds generally penetrate cell membranes, act on specific target proteins in cells, regulate intracellular signaling pathways, and cause some changes in cell phenotype. (chemscene.com)
This phase is also characterized by the synthesis of other proteins required for the upcoming M phase (mitosis and the cytokinesis). (androbose.in)
Chromosome association of minichromosome maintenance proteins in Drosophila mitotic cycles. (colorado.edu)
Occupational exposure limits with proteins such as topoisomerase inhibitors, and mitotic and meiotic spindle poisons. (cdc.gov)

A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
Development of Highly Potent and Selective Diaminothiazole Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. (proteopedia.org)
Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
Checkpoint control kinases function to halt the cell cycle at these critical points. (tocris.com)
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Checkpoint Control Kinases to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
Cell department is controlled through cooperation of different kinases. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
NEK6 belongs to the never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinases family and is a mitogen/threonine kinase with 313 amino acids. (hindawi.com)

Generally, cells have to closely coordinate growth and cell cycle progression during proliferation to prevent premature division. (uni-muenchen.de)
Abnormalities in cell cycle regulation are reported to be strongly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we investigated the relationship of gene expression profiles with malignant progression of human glioma. (biomedcentral.com)
Genomic stability relies around the precise execution of DNA replication, chromosome segregation, DNA repair and genomic monitoring mechanisms, and their integration with cell cycle progression and also other processes. (rockinhibitor.com)
TAMs contribute significantly to tumor progression by intricately interacting with tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)
The overexpression of it in cancer may overcome an apoptotic checkpoint and favour aberrant progression of transformed cells through mitosis. (innov-research.com)
In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
Here we show that cell cycle progression through mitosis following double-stranded DNA breaks leads to the formation of micronuclei, which precede activation of inflammatory signalling and are a repository for the pattern-recognition receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). (nature.com)
Inhibiting progression through mitosis or loss of pattern recognition by stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-cGAS impaired interferon signalling. (nature.com)
Figure 2: Progression through mitosis underlies inflammatory pathway activation. (nature.com)
Therefore it would be interesting to examine the control mechanism of cell cycle progression in which RSK1 affects Myt1 in meiosis and Plk1 affects Myt1 in mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Mitotic chromosomal instability - the inability to faithfully segregate equal chromosome complements to two daughter cells during mitosis - is a widespread phenomenon in solid tumours that is thought to serve as the fuel for tumorigenic progression. (researchgate.net)
During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
miRNAs expressed in a wide variety of human cancers can regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the target mRNAs and act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate cell signaling pathways, affecting tumorigenesis and tumor progression [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)

The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
One factor supposed to be involved in self-renewal is the rapid proliferation rate of ES cells, which is coupled to an unusual cell cycle distribution with the majority of cells in S-phase and a very short G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Moreover, a putative crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and proliferation of ES cells was assessed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Further, impaired proliferation of ES cells was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Thus, the PeBoW-complex seems to be an essential factor for the rapid proliferation of ES cells and might therefore also be involved in self-renewal. (uni-muenchen.de)
Overall, the results suggest that ES cells use different mechanisms as mature cells to coordinate their proliferation rate with ribosome biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the growth of new blood vessels that feed tumors and kinesin spindle protein (KSP) plays a critical role in mitosis involving in cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
CDC2 gene plays an important role in the proliferation of human gliomas. (biomedcentral.com)
CIN can promote selective advantage to cancer cells by increasing the probability of novel chromosomal abnormalities, which can change the expression profile of the genes regulating cell division and differentiation, resulting in high proliferation rates [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
These CIN mechanisms and their signatures can be largely found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a heterogeneous disease characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
The suppression of RAC2 inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
The results of our preliminary study demonstrated that 6-OAP inhibits the proliferation of human MM cells by inducing the arrest of mitosis and inhibiting specific key pathways ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
These results indicate that JNK activity may regulate cell proliferation through the regulation of cell cycles. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Our results strongly support the idea that SP600125 inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting mitosis through extended tubulin polymerization. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)

p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
Through S phase of your cell cycle, WEE1 inhibits the association and function with the MUS81-SLX4 complex, and SLX4 cooperates to activate MUS81 in the course of M phase [5]. (rockinhibitor.com)
In addition studies on HeLa cells using Plk1 siRNA interference and overexpression showed that phosphorylation of RSK1 increased upon interference and decreased after overexpression suggesting that Plk1 inhibits RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Radiosensitizes both proliferating and quiescent mouse embryonic fibroblast cells to IR and inhibits DSB repair. (tocris.com)
Down regulation of BRG1 in WM 266 4 cells inhibits melanoma invasiveness Most established melanoma cell lines express high levels of BRG1, such as two metastatic melanoma cell lines, A375SM and WM 266 4. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
Farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib is well leurocristine tolerated, induces stabilization of disease, and inhibits farnesylation and oncogenic tumor survival pathways in patients with advanced multiple myeloma. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

However, no sigificant difference in the mRNA and protein levels of ANG2, involving inhibition of angiogenesis was found in HUVECs cultured with supernatant of Hep3B cells treated with siRNA cocktail, compared to that of VEGF-siRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)
It was previously found that the inhibition of MUS81 elevated susceptibility to PARP inhibitors by means of HR deficiency at the cellular level [14]. (rockinhibitor.com)
Veuger et al (2003) Radiosensitization and DNA repair inhibition by the combined use of novel inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-I. Cancer Res. (tocris.com)
We identified that inhibition of MMP2 and MMP9 action par tially inhibitor supplier abrogated the BRG1 mediated raise in invasive ability. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
Inhibition of NEK6 can lead to the termination of mitosis, chromatin spindle defects, and abnormal chromosomal differentiation [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Inhibition of miR-22-3p or ectopic MDC1 expression reversed the increased senescence, DNA damage, CIN and defective HR observed in AP4 -deficient CRC cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Polo-like kinase 1, a pivotal regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis, is highly expressed in a broad spectrum of tumors and its expression correlates often with poor prognosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. (oncotarget.com)
Plk1, the most thoroughly characterized member among the mammalian Plks, has multiple important roles in mitosis and cytokinesis, such as centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, activation of the anaphase promoting complex, chromosome segregation and execution of cytokinesis [ 3 , 4 , 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
It occurs in two stages: Mitosis (nuclear division) and Cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division). (androbose.in)
The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
Taken together, our results indicate that Tzfp recognizes a sequence-specific motif (tbs) and may play a role in the regulation of the genes carrying the tbs. (lookformedical.com)
Appropriate regulation of CDC2 is essential for the entry into mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Zhao J, Kennedy BK, Lawrence BD, Barbie DA, Matera AG, Fletcher JA, Harlow E. NPAT links cyclin E-Cdk2 to the regulation of replication-dependent histone gene transcription. (proteopedia.org)
As a structure-specific endonuclease, MUS81 is involved in cell cycle regulation and regulates the DNA damage repair approach. (rockinhibitor.com)
The regulation of DNA repair by the cell cycle is largely the result of chromatin alterations that happen through DNA replication, compression, and dissociation that permit cells to divide effectively [8]. (rockinhibitor.com)
As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
Taken together these findings provide insights into the regulation of Plk1 during cell division and diapause cyst formation and the correlation between the activity of Plk1 and RSK1. (biospraysehatalami.com)
You can find six phosphorylation sites in RSK1 that are crucial for its activation and its own subsequent part in substrate phosphorylation (21 22 Of the phosphorylation of Ser-380 can be very important to RSK1 activation traveling functions such as for example rules of gene manifestation and protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation as a downstream Nisoxetine hydrochloride kinase in the Mos-MAPK pathway (23). (biospraysehatalami.com)
Immunofluorescence, chromosome and micronuclei enumeration, MTT and colony formation assays were used to determine the effects of AP4 inactivation and target gene regulation on chromosomal instability (CIN) and drug sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)

Hence, ribosomal stress does not lead to checkpoint activation via the p53-p21-Rb pathway in ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
RNAi is a specific gene regulatory mechanism in which activation of an intracellular pathway triggered by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) of 21-23 nucleotides (nt), leading to gene silencing through degradation of a homologous target mRNA[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
The predictive power of the ratio of RASGRP Hedgehog Pathway APTX gene expression not only provides a potentially important biomarker of response, it also suggests that responsive patients have underlying pathology related to abnormalities in the DNA excision repair pathway. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

As a new member of the kinesin superfamily of microtubule-based motors, kinesin Eg5, also called kinesin spindle protein (KSP) or KIF11 participates in mitosis, by separating the microtubules that are attached to the two centrosomes, and contributing to the bipolar arrangement of the spindles[ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The current models for CIN involve telomere dysfunction, defective spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) repair, genes involved in the cell cycle, and epigenetic regulators. (encyclopedia.pub)
These checkpoints may stop the cell cycle after DNA damage, loss of DNA replication or disruption of the mitotic spindle, in order for repair processes to take place. (tocris.com)
The centrosomes which help in the arrangement of microtubules to form spindle fibers, move to the opposite poles of the cell. (androbose.in)
Recently, certain cancer chemotherapy agents have been found to exert their anticancer activities by disrupting the dynamics of microtubule assembly, thus perturbing the formation and function of the mitotic spindle apparatus and arresting cells in mitosis. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

In eukaryotes, the entry into mitosis is regulated by the activation of CDC2/Cyclin B1 complex (M-phase promoting factor, MPF). (biomedcentral.com)
controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK1 at the centrosome and in the nucleus. (proteopedia.org)

The major event of MBT was the activation of a large group of histones and other genes that modify chromatin structure preceding massive gene expression changes. (biomedcentral.com)

The mouse Tzfp gene, mapped to chromosome 7 B2-B3, encodes a 465-amino acid transcription factor containing a conserved N-terminal BTB/POZ domain and three C-terminal PLZF-like C(2)H(2) zinc fingers. (lookformedical.com)
Chromosome instability (CIN) is an increased rate where chromosome acquire alterations due to errors in cell division. (encyclopedia.pub)
DNA breaks and chromosome pulverization from errors in mitosis. (nature.com)
It was revealed as early as in the 1930s that the behavior of the whole chromosome and its fragments in cells varies. (actanaturae.ru)

In mature cells, disruptions in ribosome biogenesis are directly linked to the cell cycle machinery by a p53-dependent activation of the G1/S-phase checkpoint, leading to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
Impaired ribosome biogenesis is known to activate a p53-dependent checkpoint in mature cell lines, which leads to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
6‑O‑angeloylplenolin (6‑OAP) is a sesquiterpene lactone agent that has been previously demonstrated to inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cells through mitotic arrest with accumulated cyclin B1. (spandidos-publications.com)
cell cycle arrest. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Here we show that encysted embryos (cysts) of the primitive crustacean are ideal for such research because they undergo WNT7A complete cell cycle arrest when they enter diapause (a state of obligate dormancy). (biospraysehatalami.com)
We found that Plk1 suppressed the activity of RSK1 during embryonic mitosis and that Plk1 was inhibited during embryonic diapause and mitotic arrest. (biospraysehatalami.com)
however commonly used animal models are limited in that cell cycle arrest must be induced by treatment with drugs. (biospraysehatalami.com)
Therefore, the upregulation of p21 expression may contribute to G2 M arrest in the early stages, and then Cdk2 may regulate endoreduplication by treating leukemia cells in the middle stages in the presence of SP600125. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

The study incorporates disciplines such as Cancer research and Topoisomerase-I Inhibitor in addition to Cell cycle checkpoint. (research.com)
The concepts of his DNA damage study are interwoven with issues in CHEK1, Cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair, Regulator and Topoisomerase-I Inhibitor. (research.com)
His work carried out in the field of DNA damage brings together such families of science as CHEK1, Cell cycle checkpoint, Cell killing, Cell biology and Topoisomerase-I Inhibitor. (research.com)

Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
The hallmark of embryonic stem (ES) cells is their ability for self-renewal (capability of unlimited cell division without the loss of pluripotency) as well as for differentiation into all cell types of the adult organism. (uni-muenchen.de)
A high expression of Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12 was observed in ES cells, which strongly decreased during in vitro differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)

In parallel and independently from Bert Vogelstein's group, he discovered and characterized p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein that blocks G1/S transition. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, Rucaparib kinase inhibitor it can be assumed that if expressed in any respect, the guinea pig Survivin variants seem to get expressed at rather very low ranges. (mirnamimic.com)

essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
Therefore Myt1 acts mainly because a common substrate for RSK1 in Plk1 and meiosis in Nisoxetine hydrochloride mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)

A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
Tobacco and alcohol, which are highly associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, have not been shown to play a role in the development of malignancies of the salivary glands. (medscape.com)
The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)

SET8 depletion causes DNA damage specifically during replication, which induces a Chk1-mediated S-phase checkpoint. (rupress.org)

In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
The pre-replication complex (pre-RC) assembly or the DNA replication licensing is the first step in DNA replication initiation, characterized by the sequential recruitment of ORCs, Cdc6, Cdt1 and MCMs to the DNA replication origins to form the pre-RC at the end of mitosis ( Bell and Dutta 2002 ). (intechopen.com)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
The various areas that Alan Eastman examines in his CHEK1 study include G2-M DNA damage checkpoint, Molecular biology and DNA replication. (research.com)
additionally, at the finish of mitosis, CyclinB1 is prompted to degrade the complex, enabling cells to complete the replication cycle [10]. (rockinhibitor.com)
Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)

Plk1 is mainly expressed during the late G2 and M phase, where it regulates various stages of mitosis [ 2 , 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)

EZH2 phosphorylation promotes H3K27me3 maintenance and epigenetic gene silencing. (proteopedia.org)
Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. (proteopedia.org)
Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)

The Journal of cell biology. (umn.edu)
The selective and robust effect of RNAi on gene expression makes it become a valuable tool for basic research in biology, and thereby continue to have a major impact on medical science[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
His Programmed cell death research incorporates themes from Deoxyribonuclease II, Acetylation, Extracellular, Cell biology and Endonuclease. (research.com)
His Molecular biology study incorporates themes from Cell culture, Chinese hamster ovary cell and Deoxyribonuclease II, Biochemistry, DNA. (research.com)
The DNA damage study combines topics in areas such as CHEK1, Cell cycle checkpoint, MRE11 Homologue Protein and Molecular biology. (research.com)

We describe the optimization of modestly active starting points to potent inhibitors of BCL6 by growing into a subpocket, which was occupied by a network of five stably bound water molecules. (icr.ac.uk)
Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
We describe the development of highly potent diaminothiazole inhibitors of CDK2 (IC50 = 0.0009-0.0015 muM) from a single hit compound with weak inhibitory activity (IC50 = 15 muM), discovered by high-throughput screening. (proteopedia.org)

Furthermore, PC-9 cells, which were initially gefitinib-sensitive, became resistant to gefitinib treatment after HDGF overexpression, whereas HDGF knockdown enhanced gefitinib sensitivity in H1975 cells, which were initially gefitinib-resistant. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, it can be used to predict genetic interactions [3] by comparing the sensitivity value of a double gene mutation from the value predicted from single mutations, and reveal the network intervention [4] by applying the state-flip mutation subject to a single gene. (researchgate.net)
There have been many in silico studies based on a Boolean network model to investigate network sensitivity against gene or interaction mutations. (researchgate.net)
Therefore, elimination of the checkpoint increases the sensitivity of human tumor cell lines to anticancer agents. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Some drugs work only during a specific phase of the cell cycle, requiring prolonged administration to catch dividing cells during the phase of maximal sensitivity. (msdmanuals.com)

It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (tocris.com)
Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)
TTFields can induce a number of biological responses, including mitotic catastrophe, to kill cancer cells by targeting polarizable intracellular molecules. (conditionmed.org)

Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
Moreover, STING loss prevented the regression of abscopal tumours in the context of ionizing radiation and immune checkpoint blockade in vivo . (nature.com)
These findings implicate temporal modulation of the cell cycle as an important consideration in the context of therapeutic strategies that combine genotoxic agents with immune checkpoint blockade. (nature.com)

The cancer therapeutic potential of Chk1 inhibitors: how mechanistic studies impact on clinical trial design. (research.com)
Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)

For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
In the mitosis, the chromosomes are aligned and the two sister chromatids are separated, each becoming the genetic material of the daughter cells. (androbose.in)
A human cell at this point has 46 chromosomes (and 92 chromatids). (androbose.in)

Therefore, SP600125 has a strong anticancer effect against leukemia cells in a dose and time dependent manner by promoting tubulin polymerization and disrupting the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
Farnesyltransferase inhibitor as anticancer agent. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

Ectopic kinase overexpression in any culture cell line leads to polyploidy and centrosome amplification. (lookformedical.com)

Aurora A overexpression in many malignant tumor types suggests that it may be directly involved in NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)
However, overexpression of aurora-A in particular cell lines such as NIH3T3 is sufficient to induce growth on soft agar. (lookformedical.com)
Stable HDGF knockout or overexpression cell lines were generated to perform experiments in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
HDGF overexpression exacerbated the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells, while HDGF knockdown exerted the opposite effects. (bvsalud.org)
The expression level of NEK6 in esophagitis tissue is similar to that in esophageal adenocarcinoma, and overexpression of the NEK6 gene increases in proportion to the severity of esophagitis [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
N. lugens genome data predicted the Toll 13 like gene includes two exons flanked from the 50 and 30 untrans lated areas, indicating a full coding sequence. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)

In cell cycle research, his group published two important papers on cell cycle checkpoints in 1993. (wikipedia.org)

Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23 - 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications or deletions and modify gene functions in ways that deregulate cellular signalling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype. (bmj.com)
Genetic interaction can be defined as a deviation of the phenotypic quantitative effect of a double gene mutation from the effect predicted from single mutations using a simple (e.g., multiplicative or linear additive) statistical model. (researchgate.net)
These factors may cause mutations or abnormal expression of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to the occurrence or development of CRC [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The G2 M checkpoint is especially important in protecting normal cells from tumor formation driven by the accumulation of mutations. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)

RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
Because the expression of human and mouse Survivin splice variants in cancer cells continues to be proven on the mRNA level, we performed RT PCR to examine the presence of SurvivinGp splice kinds in adult guinea pig tissues. (mirnamimic.com)
The surviving cells become cancer cells, which are capable both of dividing indefinitely and maintaining telomere length (usually with the aid of telomerase). (actanaturae.ru)
Notably, exposure of cancer cells to TTFields has been shown to result in immunogenic cell death, which is reflected by damage-associated molecular patterns and the formation of micronuclei that further activate DNA sensor-related inflammatory pathways, indicating the immunomodulatory role for TTFields. (conditionmed.org)
Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
The activity of NEK6 is enhanced in several cancer cells, including colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) cells. (hindawi.com)
Cancer cells, particularly those arising from the bone marrow or lymphatic system, may have a short generation time, and there usually are a smaller percentage of cells in G0 (resting phase). (msdmanuals.com)
Circulating cancer cells are present in many patients with advanced cancer and even in some with localized disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)

Adapted from the 2015 Cancer Product Guide, Edition 3, this poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. (tocris.com)

After moving to the Baylor College of Medicine, Elledge reported his identification of CDK2, a protein whose activation allows cells to transit from the G1 phase into the S phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
These genetic alterations result in either activation or inactivation of specific gene functions that contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. (bmj.com)
Mechanistically, RAC2 exerted its roles in TNBC cells and TAMs by regulating the activation of P65 NF-κB and P38 MAPK, while TAMs further elevated RAC2 expression and P65 NF-κB activation by secreting soluble mediators including IL-10. (bvsalud.org)

Dramatic change in chromosomal DNA morphology between interphase and mitosis is a defining features of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (icr.ac.uk)

This Human Survivin (BIRC5) ELISA Kit from Innovative Research is intended for quantitative detection of human Survivin in cell culture supernates, cell lysates, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA). (innov-research.com)
Survivin is prominently expressed in transformed cell lines and in all the most common human cancers of lung, colon, pancreas, prostate and breast in vivo. (innov-research.com)
The SurvivinGp localizes like a standard CPC protein capable of interacting with human CPC members To evaluate the functional properties on the guinea pig Survivin protein with people of its human homologue, we to begin with examined its localization while in mitosis. (mirnamimic.com)

Elledge accidentally discovered the RNR2 gene and protein in yeast, which belongs to the family of ribonucleotide reductase, and found that its expression increases when DNA is damaged. (wikipedia.org)
Transcriptomic analyses provide an efficient approach to explore the temporal gene expression profiles in embryos and to search for the developmental regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
Early ontogeny is associated with dramatic gene expression changes that underlie and determine the developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
No changes in the expression levels of pluripotency-genes like Nanog, KLF4 and Sox2 were observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
Tissue microarrays were utilized to investigate the expression of genes in a large number of tumor samples and to identify overexpressed genes which could be potentially causing tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeted against CDC2 were designed and transducted into human glioma cell line ex vivo in order to downregulate the expression of CDC2. (biomedcentral.com)
However, regulated gene expression is still subject to growth-mediated feedbackIotic (257). (rockinhibitor.com)
Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Inflammatory gene expression following genotoxic cancer therapy is well documented, yet the events underlying its induction remain poorly understood. (nature.com)
In an try to validate experimentally the three in silico identified BCLL splice variants , we also found and cloned numerous alternatively spliced variants within the BCLL gene , almost all of which showed a tissue specified pattern of expression. (mirnamimic.com)
So as to determine if re expression of BRG1 in SK MEL5 cells resulted in elevated secretion of lively MMP2 and MMP9, we carried out gelatin zymography on supernatants derived from control and BRG1 expres sing SK MEL5 cells. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
To determine the general biological conse quence of BRG1 re expression in SK MEL5 cells, we investigated if BRG1 promotes alterations in the ability of melanoma cells for being invasive in vitro. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
To find out if loss of BRG1 compromises invasive skill in one of these extremely invasive cell lines, we down regulated BRG1 expression in WM 266 4 cells using a pool of siRNAs that target BRG1 but not the different ATPase, BRM. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
Interestingly, BRM expression was slightly reduce in cells transfected with manage siRNA compared to untreated but then elevated in BRG1 down regulated cells. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
We discovered that in WM 266 4 cells, BRM expression but not BRG1 or INI1 expression is sensitive to adjustments in WM 266 2 confluency. (histaminereceptor-signal.com)
A CRISPR/Cas9 approach was employed to generate AP4 -deficient CRC cell lines with inducible expression of c-MYC. (biomedcentral.com)
AP4 -deficient cells displayed increased expression of the long non-coding RNA MIR22HG, which encodes miR-22-3p and was directly repressed by AP4. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, Mediator of DNA damage Checkpoint 1 ( MDC1 ), a central component of the DNA damage response and a known target of miR-22-3p, displayed decreased expression in AP4 -deficient cells. (biomedcentral.com)

One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)

The main processes that take place during the G2 phase are the duplication of cell organelles and the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. (androbose.in)

The exquisite selectivity for mitosis and the distinct ways in which these new agents interfere with mitosis provides the potential to not only overcome certain limitations of current tubulin-targeted anti-mitotic drugs, but to expand the scope of clinical efficacy that those drugs have established. (researchgate.net)

NU 7026 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). (tocris.com)

Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Plk3 is expressed throughout the cell cycle and involved in cellular response to DNA damage [ 9 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
His studies in Cell cycle integrate themes in fields like Mitosis, DNA damage and DNA synthesis. (research.com)
Catastrophic genetic damage can occur if cells progress to the next phase of the cell cycle before the previous phase is properly completed. (tocris.com)
The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cells become senescent when there are DNA damage or any other problem. (androbose.in)
Inactivation of AP4 in CRC cell lines resulted in increased spontaneous and c-MYC-induced DNA damage, chromosomal instability (CIN) and cellular senescence. (biomedcentral.com)

The interphase is a preparatory phase, wherein the cells prepare themselves for the upcoming nuclear and cytoplasmic division. (androbose.in)
During interphase, the cells grow, replicate their DNA, rearrange microtubules and accumulate the materials for cell division. (androbose.in)
Interphase is the phase in which the cell grows till it can divide it's genetic material and the cytoplasm into two halves i.e. capable of producing two daughter cells. (androbose.in)

Plk2 is an immediate early response gene and is expressed in early G1, where it controls the entry into S phase [ 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Four polo family members are present in mammalian cells: Plk1 Plk2/Snk Plk3/Fnk/Prk and Plk4/Sak. (biospraysehatalami.com)

Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)

Following ex vivo study, viral particles containing small interfering RNA for CDC2 were subsequently injected into xenogeneic graft tumor of nude mice and the weight of human glioma xenografts, survival and resulting phenotypic changes of target gene were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
Downregulation of CDC2 could potentialy inhibit human gliomas cells growth ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
To reveal the roles of CDC2/Cyclin B1 in human malignant gliomas, CDC2 in glioma cell line, it was down-regulated by retrovirus vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
His research investigates the connection between In vivo and topics such as Cell that intersect with issues in Cell culture. (research.com)

In addition, time-dependent cleavage of PARP was also detected in U266 and MM.1S cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

The three germ layers and the body plan of the mature organism are established during gastrulation, and the period is characterized by extensive cell movements and intracellular communications [ 21 , 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)
After therapy, the incidence of pleomorphic adenomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas is increased. (medscape.com)
Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth leading cause for cancer deaths worldwide. (oncotarget.com)
The phenomenon of field cancerization (the existence of histologically abnormal tissue beyond a neoplastic area that predisposes to tumour formation) was described in the 1950s on the basis of analyses of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). (researchgate.net)

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is the increasing rate in which cells acquire new chromosomal alterations. (encyclopedia.pub)

The purpose of this study is to examine the therapeutic potential of dual gene targeted siRNA cocktail on human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) is the key event during embryogenesis marked by the switch of control from the maternal and possibly paternal transcripts to the newly synthesized embryonic gene products [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In a number of animal species, MZT roughly coincides with the mid-blastula transition (MBT) [ 20 ] when cells become motile and divide asynchronously. (biomedcentral.com)
Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the Hayflick limit, the transition of cells to a state of senescence. (actanaturae.ru)

Anatomy26

Organisms6

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes92

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Apoptosis32

Proteins18

Kinases10

Progression15

Proliferation22

Inhibits6

Inhibition8

CYTOKINESIS4

Regulation13

Pathway4

Spindle5

Entry into mitosis2

Chromatin1

Chromosome4

Arrest8

Topoisomerase3

Differentiation4

Kinase inhibitor2

Meiosis2

Head and neck squamous cell carc3

Induces1

Replication8

Regulates2

Phosphorylation3

Biology5

Potent3

Sensitivity5

Mitotic catastrophe3

Immune checkpoint3

Chk12

Chromosomes4

Anticancer2

Centrosome1

Overexpression5

Genome3

19931

Mutations5

Cancer cells13

Stages1

Activation3

Eukaryotic cell1

Survivin3

Expression18

Induce1

Cytoskeleton1

Selectivity1

Protein kinase1

Damage8

Interphase3

Plk22

Tumours1

Vivo4

PARP1

Intracellular1

Squamous5

Chromosomal1

Therapeutic potential1

Transition3