Mitosis dramatically cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

In mammals, Akt is ubiquitously expressed and is associated with regulation of cellular proliferation, metabolism, cell growth and cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional disruption of Smed-Akt alters the balance between cell proliferation and cell death leading to systemic impairment of adult tissue renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
This study defined the role of Smed-Akt in abnormal cell proliferation triggered by the abrogation of the phosphatase PTEN, an upstream component of the Akt signaling pathway, which is highly mutated in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. (nature.com)
In addition, AKT/mTOR signaling and MAPK signaling were inhibited by JIB extract to suppress melanoma cell growth and proliferation. (medsci.org)
The results demonstrated that JIB extract combined with cisplatin enhanced the inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, and survival through the obstruction of cell cycle progression and AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling as well as the induction of cell apoptosis. (medsci.org)
Collectively, these studies demonstrate that the rate of endothelial cell proliferation is highest during corpus luteum formation, then decreases and remains low during the mid-luteal phase and structural regression of the corpus luteum. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulation of endothelial cell proliferation in the corpus luteum of pregnancy is less clear. (biomedcentral.com)
The progressive accumulation of leukemic cells is mostly ascribed to extended cellular survival rather than excessive cellular proliferation [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
During cellularisation,and at later stages of development, aberrant cell division and localised domains of cell proliferation are apparent in glo1-1 endosperms. (biologists.com)
It is known to halt cancer cell proliferation and the propagation of DNA damage and can also initiate DNA repair mechanisms. (medium.com)
Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of SPC24 was employed in SMMC7721 and HepG2 human HCC cells to investigate cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
The regulated expression and degradation of proteins are critical to all aspects of cell development and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
During both these processes, mitosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells have been observed in the endometrium (11). (jri.ir)

In eukaryotic cells the SAC serves as the central surveillance mechanism to ensure chromosomes are being passed on to the next generation in a reliable manner. (wikipedia.org)
Remarkably, a current study contradicts these findings, indicating that p97 is needed for the disassociation of Aurora B from chromosomes, which will be in turn a requisite for nuclear envelope reformation at the end of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Chromosomes got their name by early cell biologists when they observed certain dark-staining objects in dividing cells. (carnivorousplants.org)
In human dividing cells 46 chromosomes can be observed. (carnivorousplants.org)
I-t involves the synthesis of a microtubule and the full intracellular reorganization based device, which segregates the 2 identical copies of the chromosomes between daughter cells. (survivinpathway.com)
We have combined the proteomic analysis of Xenopus laevis in vitro-assembled chromosomes with RNA interference and live cell imaging in HeLa cells to identify novel factors required for proper chromosome segregation. (rupress.org)
Mitotic chromosome segregation requires the coordination of both regulatory and mechanical molecular machines and culminates in the delivery of two complete sets of chromosomes to two daughter cells. (rupress.org)
SPC24 is an important component of the nuclear division cycle 80 (Ndc80) kinetochore complex, which plays an essential role in the coupling of kinetochore to spindle microtubules (MTs) and the accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. (oncotarget.com)
When the cell divides in two (a process known as mitosis) and the chromosomes reproduce, the telomeres shorten slightly because the division does not reach the tip of the chromosome. (spacefed.com)

Activation of the Cyclin B/Cdc2 kinase complex triggers entry into mitosis in all eukaryotic cells. (duke.edu)
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide essential metabolic functions and represent the major bioenergetic hub of eukaryotic cell. (hindawi.com)
Mitochondria are the energy producing organelles in eukaryotic cell providing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)

In support of this hypothesis, we found that treatment of cells with leptomycin B, which disrupted Cyclin B1-CRM1 interactions, led to a marked nuclear accumulation of Cyclin B1. (duke.edu)
In mitosis, Cyclin B1 undergoes phosphorylation at several sites, a subset of which have been proposed to play a role in Cyclin B1 accumulation in the nucleus. (duke.edu)

The protein kinase Bub1 possesses versatile and distinct functions during the cell cycle, mainly in the SAC and chromosome alignment during metaphase. (wikipedia.org)
Along with Cdk1/cyclin N, members of the Aurora/Ipl1 kinase family are also crucial regulators of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)
Within this review, we summarize the functions that all of the Aurora kinases has in cancer biology and mitosis, and discuss the binding modes of Aurora A kinase inhibitors, the spot elements in the binding sites and the fortunate inhibitor components. (survivinpathway.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)

As a consequence, cell fate acquisition and subsequent differentiation of endosperm tissues are affected to varying degrees of severity. (biologists.com)
DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)

INTRODUCTION: Proteins that undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis are subject to lysosomal degradation, requiring radioiodination methods that minimize loss of radioactivity from tumor cells after this process occurs. (duke.edu)
Reversible phosphorylation of nuclear proteins is required for both DNA replication and entry into mitosis. (duke.edu)
Preeminent among these proteins are the cyclin dependent kinases, which upon binding to cyclins, phosphorylate numerous targets to trigger cell cycle progression. (smadpathway.com)
These proteins, including Aurora A and B, are serine/threonine kinases that are essential for cell division activities such as spindle construction, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. (smadpathway.com)
Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
I'm using cell and molecular biology techniques, biochemistry as well as microscopy to characterise the plant SUN proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
This includes finding out what other proteins the SUNs bind to and what functions they have during cell division. (brookes.ac.uk)
Targeted therapy drugs are used to target specific genes and proteins of cancer cells to precisely identify and attack specific types of cancer cells. (medsci.org)
Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
The rapid expansion in biomedical research using live-cell imaging techniques over the past several years has been fueled by a combination of events that include dramatic advances in spinning disk confocal microscopy instrumentation coupled with the introduction of novel ultra-sensitive detectors and continued improvements in the performance of genetically-encoded fluorescent proteins. (fsu.edu)
These methods dramatically increase the likelihood of producing proteins that cannot fold or assemble appropriately. (cipsm.de)

Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Additionally, JIB extract induced B16/F10 cell apoptosis via the caspase cascade. (medsci.org)
On the other end of the spectrum, the microvascular endothelial cells are the first cells to undergo apoptosis at the onset of corpus luteum regression. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, Wnt inhibitor ethacrynic acid (EA) induced both apoptosis and necroptosis in primary CLL cells. (oncotarget.com)
Activated p53 induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) or senescence as a last attempt to avoid possible malignant transformation when the damage is too severe and beyond repair. (medium.com)
Therefore, there are multiple conserved pathways within cells that respond to such errors by recruiting DNA repair processes or initiating apoptosis. (medium.com)
The effects of CMTM4 on cellular apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analysed by flow cytometry, and cell cycle hallmarks were detected by western blotting and RT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)

Aurora B levels peak in early mitosis and then dramatically decline at mitotic exit. (smadpathway.com)
Development through mitosis depends upon three major regulatory systems, each involving several serine/threonine kinases, referred to as mitotic kinases. (survivinpathway.com)
Current research suggests that mitotic kinases have a key role in regulating the cell cycle. (survivinpathway.com)
Small interfering RNA depletion of Bod1 in HeLa cells produces elongated mitotic spindles with severe biorientation defects. (rupress.org)
CSN5 knockdown caused mitotic defects, G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

Within the cell, the arrangement of microtubules is controlled by a variety of discreet microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs), but in most cells, the dominant MTOC is the centrosome, a bipartite structure consisting of a central pair of barrel-shaped centrioles and a surrounding matrix of pericentriolar material (PCM). (nih.gov)
This mitosis-specific recruitment of γ-tubulin does not require microtubules. (silverchair.com)
The dynamic exchange of centrosome-associated γ-tubulin occurs throughout the cell cycle, including mitosis, and it does not require microtubules. (silverchair.com)
In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

Near simultaneous fluorescence and DIC light microscopy reveals that the amount of γ-tubulin associated with the centrosome remains relatively constant throughout interphase, suddenly increases during prophase, and then decreases to interphase levels as the cell exits mitosis. (silverchair.com)
The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)

Finally, as proven by many examples in the past, progresses in retrovirology will undoubtedly also provide some priceless insights into cell biology. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, Akt signaling regulates neoblast biology and mediates in the distribution of injury-mediated cell death during tissue repair in planarians. (biomedcentral.com)
I am a senior lecturer in Cell Bilogy and a member of the plant biology group. (brookes.ac.uk)
Previous to this I completed my BSc in Cell and Human Biology here at Oxford Brookes University. (brookes.ac.uk)
For a century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. (brookes.ac.uk)
After positions at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany, University College London and the Francis Crick Institute in the UK, Andy Oates recently joined École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland where he is the head of the Timing, Oscillation, Patterns Laboratory. (ens-lyon.fr)
Cell biology is an introductory course designed for everyone wanting to learn more about biology. (learningcloud.ie)
Review basic cell structure and discuss the scope and nature of cell biology. (learningcloud.ie)

The latter interaction is essential for kinetochore localization of Bub1 and its function in cell cycle arrest induced by spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation. (wikipedia.org)
Our results also reveal novel roles for Akt signaling during regeneration, specifically for the timely localization of cell death near the injury site. (biomedcentral.com)

The first of these is Bod1, a protein conserved throughout metazoans that associates with a large macromolecular complex and localizes with kinetochores and spindle poles during mitosis. (rupress.org)
The immunohistochemical evaluation from the liver organ and the stream cytometry from the liver organ mononuclear cells demonstrated that clodronate liposome (c-lipo) treatment significantly reduced the spindle-shaped F4/80+ or Compact disc68+ cells, as the oval-shaped F4/80+ Compact disc11b+ cells elevated. (enmd-2076.com)

During the last two decades, the profusion of HIV research due to the urge to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a wealth of information on the retroviral replication cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
However, while the late stages of the retrovirus life cycle, consisting of virus replication and egress, have been partly unraveled, the early steps remain largely enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)
Elucidating these mechanisms and identifying which cellular factors are exploited by the retroviruses and which hinder their life cycle, will certainly lead to the discovery of new ways to inhibit viral replication and to improve retroviral vectors for gene transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
A schematic view of early and late stages of the retroviral replication cycle is represented. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer is a multi-factorial process, however, cancer cell mutation load, tumor initiation and progression through genomic instability has obvious relation to loss of gene function as seen in mutator phenotypes and relation to oncogene initiation and induced DNA replication stress. (medium.com)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)

This feature of cancer cell mutation and tumor progression has been studied for many decades as a hallmark feature, however, there is much uncertainty in its relation to early process or final transformation process in cancer evolution. (medium.com)

This paucity is likely due to the ubiquitous nature of this signaling pathway and the difficulty of analyzing stem cells in their natural environment during physiological cell turnover and regeneration in conventional animal models [ 15 - 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This finding is consistent with the idea that Rac1 is situated downstream of Rap1 in the signaling pathway that induces scattering of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)

Bod1-depleted cells form syntelic attachments that can oscillate and generate enough force to separate sister kinetochores, suggesting that microtubule-kinetochore interactions were intact. (rupress.org)

Releasing Bod1-depleted cells from a monastrol block increases the frequency of syntelic attachments and the number of cells displaying biorientation defects. (rupress.org)
I will be elaborating on the stages of DNA surveillance and repair and demonstrate how defects in the regulation of any of these mechanisms often results in genomic instability, which predisposes the cell to malignant transformation. (medium.com)

In cell division, a cell makes a copy of its DNA and then separates itself into two identical cells - each with its own copy of DNA enveloped inside a nucleus. (visionlearning.com)
The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of the parent cell splits into two identical nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
advanced organisms-including animals, plants, fungi, and protists-whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
mostly one-celled organisms, bacteria for example, whose cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
He began a series of live observations under the microscope using dyed samples of animal tissues and found that a particular mass of material inside the nucleus of cells absorbed the dye quite well. (visionlearning.com)
These early steps consist of a long and perilous journey from the cell surface to the nucleus where the proviral DNA integrates into the host genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Retroviral particles must bind specifically to their target cells, cross the plasma membrane, reverse-transcribe their RNA genome, while uncoating the cores, find their way to the nuclear membrane and penetrate into the nucleus to finally dock and integrate into the cellular genome. (biomedcentral.com)
During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)
HHVs replicate in the host cell nucleus. (medscape.com)

J Cell Biol (2008) 183 (2): 172-173. (rupress.org)
J. Cell Biol. (rupress.org)
J Cell Biol (1999) 146 (3): 585-596. (silverchair.com)
J Cell Biol (2007) 179 (2): 187-197. (rupress.org)

Finally, the molecular mechanisms of integration, the last event of the early phase of retroviral life cycle, are now well understood, but the choice of target site remains mysterious. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the mechanisms by which Akt signaling regulates stem cell behavior in the complexity of the whole body are poorly understood. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
As a key transcription factor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, LEF1 helps to regulate important genes involved in tumor cell death mechanisms. (oncotarget.com)
Resistance to therapy can be divided into two broad categories: cell intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. (biochem2.com)
We are still far from a common definition of PL and standardized PL manufacture due to our limited knowledge of the mechanisms that mediate PL-promoting cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
B cells are therefore particularly dependent on 'quality control' mechanisms to oversee antibody production. (cipsm.de)

Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)
JIB extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G 0 /G 1 phase and decreased cyclin and cdk protein expressions. (medsci.org)
Restoration of CMTM4 significantly suppressed 786-O cell growth by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and p21 upregulation, and cell migration was also inhibited. (biomedcentral.com)

PER 2 directly affects the cell cycle when the cell divides. (jackkruse.com)

Although studied in model human cell lines such as HeLa, very little is known about the role of the CSN in haemopoietic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

In turn APC/C, now in complex with Cdh1, also acts on Bub1 by priming it for degradation to exit mitosis. (wikipedia.org)

showed, for the first time, that RHAMM is differentially expressed during all stages of preimplantation human embryos and human embryonic stem cells (hESC), and indicated that RHAMM knockdown results in down-regulation of several pluripotency markers in hESCs, induction of early extraembryonic lineage, loss of cell viability, and changes in hESC cycle (2). (jri.ir)

The uterus undergoes extensive remodeling during estrous cycle and embryo implantation (10). (jri.ir)

To apply allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. (nature.com)
Important insights on the morphology and function of luteal endothelial cells have been gained from a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies on endothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
EA also enhanced the cytotoxicity of both fludarabine and cyclophosphamide against CLL cells in vitro. (oncotarget.com)

Proper cell division is essential for the health and survival buy Gemcitabine of cells and bacteria. (survivinpathway.com)
Some organisms (e.g. bacteria) have only one cell in the entire organism. (learningcloud.ie)

Human cancer cells are usually seen as a changes in the amount or organization of DNA because of mistakes in mitosis, causing chromosome instability and aneuploidy. (survivinpathway.com)
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer cells primarily effecting cell division. (medium.com)
The genomic instability provides individuals a shorter cell cycle and/or an advantage of bypassing intracellular and immunological control systems. (medium.com)
Chromosomal instability is a manifest of genome instability with complexities that require careful attention to individual gene control features specific to the cancer cell mutation, tumor microenvironment and surrounding moiety. (medium.com)

Moreover, γδ T cells can directly kill target cells without the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) and perform dual functional roles in antitumor and anti-infective immunity. (nature.com)
Endothelial cells communicate with cells comprising the functional unit of the corpus luteum, i.e ., other vascular cells, steroidogenic cells, and immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)

A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

To determine how this molecule behaves during the cell cycle, we have established several vertebrate somatic cell lines that constitutively express a γ-tubulin/green fluorescent protein fusion protein. (silverchair.com)

The ovaries no longer release egg cells, and they no longer generate the hormones that stimulate monthly menstrual cycles. (com.pk)
4] The most common low-grade endometrioid endometrial cancers have been associated with obesity, nulliparity, anovulatory menstrual cycles, diabetes, and hypertension. (medscape.com)

Besides, 12% of patients have second- or third-degree skin reactions that are sensitive to light, and about 18% of patients develop cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma or occurred at the same time [ 6 ]. (medsci.org)
HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)

Most of the cells that make up higher organisms, like vertebrate animals and flowering plants, reproduce via a process called cell division. (visionlearning.com)
That's right, the hundreds of millions of cells that make up the bone and flesh of your body are products of thousands of generations of cell division that began when you were smaller than the period at the end of this sentence. (visionlearning.com)
In particular, he was interested in the process of cell division. (visionlearning.com)
These tiny organelles play critical roles in cell growth, division, and motility but can only properly execute their various functions when present at one to two copies per cell and when they are of proper size. (nih.gov)
Cell growth, division, and motility are highly dependent upon an organized and dynamic microtubule cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
Recently, we described that the genome of S. mediterranea contains a single Akt ortholog termed Smed-Akt , which affects cell division and impairs planarian locomotion [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell division is called mitosis. (jackkruse.com)
Mitosis is the phase in the cell that occurs just before cell division to generate an offspring. (jackkruse.com)
The process of cell division or mitosis is tightly regulated and complex. (survivinpathway.com)
Control of cell division and expansion is crucial for developmental patterning and is likely to be mediated by factors operating at different organisational levels ( Irish and Jenik,2001 ). (biologists.com)
This is not a single gene event, there are multiple genes that initiate, control and regulate tumor suppressor function and cell division. (medium.com)

and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, PECAM-1). (biomedcentral.com)
Newer areas of focus in getting people well include CCSVI, stem cell therapy, platelet rich plasma, and mold mitigation. (betterhealthguy.com)
Platelet derivatives have been proposed as FBS substitutes for the ex-vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) since platelet-derived growth factors can promote MSC ex-vivo expansion. (biomedcentral.com)
Platelet-derived growth factors are present in platelet lysate (PL) obtained after repeated freezing-thawing cycles of the platelet-rich plasma or by applying physiological stimuli such as thrombin or CaCl 2 . (biomedcentral.com)

DNA damage predisposes normal cells and transforms into cancer cell mutations with expression of antigenic determinants related to cancer cell life cycle initiation and survival. (medium.com)
Most notably, the Cas enzyme can be expressed in human cells and, by providing a human DNA-directed gRNA, induce a highly specific DNA double strand break that cannot be repaired error-free, leading to insertion and deletion (InDel) mutations. (biochem2.com)

These data are the first to characterize the dynamics of centrosome-associated γ-tubulin in vertebrate cells in vivo and to demonstrate the microtubule-independent nature of these dynamics. (silverchair.com)

The life cycle of retroviruses is arbitrarily divided into two distinct phases: the early phase refers to the steps of infection from cell binding to the integration of the viral cDNA into the cell genome, whereas the late phase begins with the expression of viral genes and continues through to the release and maturation of progeny virions (see Figure 1 for a schematic view of the retroviral life cycle). (biomedcentral.com)
The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
The results of GO analysis showed that the downregulated genes were significantly enriched in matrix adhesion and angiogenesis and upregulated differential genes were significantly enriched in cell adhesion and vascular development. (hindawi.com)

Nonetheless, there is limited understanding of how Akt signaling controls the response of stem cells during cellular turnover and tissue injury in the complexity of the whole organism. (biomedcentral.com)
The neoblasts are the only dividing cells in planarians and constantly proliferate to repair tissues and support systemic cellular turnover [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. (nature.com)
Treatment of vector control K562 cells with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1 recapitulated the growth kinetics, vacuolar morphology and LC3-II accumulation of CSN2 knockdown cells indicating that the cellular phenotype of CSN2 cells arises from autophagy inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
It is known that RHAMM plays an important role in several cellular events, but the role of RHAMM during estrous cycle and embryo implantation has not been investigated much. (jri.ir)

Another interesting coupling occurs between the circadian cycle and with the cell cycle. (jackkruse.com)
Based on our findings, however, we propose that specification of BETL cells is an irreversible event that occurs within a narrow window of syncytial development, and that BETL cell identity is subsequently inherited in a lineage-dependent manner. (biologists.com)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell hematological malignancy characterized by the clonal expansion and accumulation of morphologically mature B-lymphocytes in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and secondary lymphoid tissues. (oncotarget.com)
CSN2 knockdown resulted in non-apoptotic cell death associated with accumulation of both the autophagy marker LC3-II and autophagic vacuoles. (biomedcentral.com)

reported that anti-RHAMM antibodies block the migration of endothelial cells, which is an important key to the process of tissue injury and angiogenesis (3). (jri.ir)

The effect was that different parts of a cell would absorb more dye, in effect "highlighting" them, as in Figure 3, to reveal structures and processes that were invisible before. (visionlearning.com)
The potential clinical applications of research directed on corpus luteum endothelial cells are intriguing considering reproductive processes in which vascular dysfunctions may play a role such as ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). (biomedcentral.com)
Upon completion of this course students should have a sound understanding of cell structure and processes. (learningcloud.ie)
Describe the chemical components and processes of cells. (learningcloud.ie)
Describe the significant processes involved in transfer and storage of energy in a cell. (learningcloud.ie)

The Compact disc11b+ Kupffer cells portrayed intracellular TNF and surface area Fas-ligand (FasL). (enmd-2076.com)

Correlation analysis of HRSM with immune cells revealed a positive correlation between risk score and infiltration of dendritic cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+T cells, neutrophils and macrophages. (bvsalud.org)

The ability of two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, are evaluated as paracrine mediators of endothelial cell function during angioregression. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, chemokines are discussed as a vital endothelial cell secretory products that contribute to the recruitment of eosinophils and macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
During development, the blood vascular system arises from endothelial cell progenitors that differentiate from mesodermal cells, mostly through the expression of the transcription factor (TF) ETV2. (nature.com)
Activation of the VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling and expression of blood vascular endothelial cell (BEC) markers, such as NRP1 and EphrinB2, further differentiate these precursor cells into BECs, which then form the hierarchical network of blood vessels 4 . (nature.com)
Thereafter, a distinct subpopulation of endothelial cells lining the cardinal vein starts differentiating by expressing the TF PROX1, the master regulator of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) identity, via the TFs SOX18 and COUPTFII. (nature.com)

In this study, we determined LEF1 gene expression levels in CLL ( n = 197) and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) ( n = 6) patients through real-time RT-PCR. (oncotarget.com)
Individual oscillating cells are synchronized with their neighbors, forming a coherent wave pattern of gene expression. (ens-lyon.fr)
They were then able to confidently measure its activity and resulting telomere length and found that asexual worms dramatically increase the activity of this gene when they regenerate, allowing stem cells to maintain their telomeres as they divide to replace missing tissues. (spacefed.com)

When temperature becomes the dominant environmental trigger and not light cycles, leptin induces endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) that shuts down the photic effects of VIP on the SCN. (jackkruse.com)

The cascade continued until several weeks later, millions of cells were dividing - powering the exponential pattern of growth that eventually formed all of the organs and tissues of your body. (visionlearning.com)
Concerning reproductive tissues, several reports have described RHAMM-mediated promotion of cell growth and movement, sperm motility (8), angiogenesis (3) and embryonic development (9). (jri.ir)
Primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and the paired adjacent non-tumour tissues were then collected to examine the expression of CMTM4 by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative RT-PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Western blotting then confirmed that CMTM4 was dramatically reduced in 86.9 % (53/61) of ccRCC tissues compared with the paired adjacent non-tumour tissues, as well as in the 786-O and A498 ccRCC cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
Describe the life cycle of cells and how they combine to create different types of tissues. (learningcloud.ie)

Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that functions as a tumor suppressor of lung tumors. (cancerindex.org)

Greater than 95% knockdown of the non-catalytic subunit CSN2 and the deneddylating subunit CSN5 of the CSN was achieved in the human myeloid progenitor cell line K562. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and viable cell counting assays were used to delineate the growth curves of 786-O cells after CMTM4 overexpression or knockdown. (biomedcentral.com)
However, knockdown of CMTM4 led to a completely opposite effect on these cell behaviours. (biomedcentral.com)

The ccRCC cell lines A498 and 786-O and the normal renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 were also tested for CMTM4 expression by western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)

v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells were transfected with scrambled or Rac1 specific Ganetespib chemical structure siRNA to deplete Rac1, and their scattering was reviewed in the presence or in the absence of CPT, which activated Rap1, however not Rac1. (survivinpathway.com)
We transfected cells with Rap1 targeting or scrambled siRNA and then done protein Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection transfection of the GST fused constitutively active type of Rac1. (survivinpathway.com)
Consistent with our previous data, CA Rac1 dramatically increased distribution of scrambled siRNA transfected cells. (survivinpathway.com)

Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. (nature.com)

To help elucidate the interactions between Rap1 and Rac1 in the signaling that leads to spreading of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells, we evaluated the effect of Rap1 depletion on cell spreading caused by activated Rac1. (survivinpathway.com)
mouse and cell depletion tests demonstrated that NKT cells and NK cells weren't mixed up in hepatic damage. (enmd-2076.com)

In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)

We conclude that CSN2 is required for CSN integrity and the stability of individual CSN subunits, and postulate that CSN2 loss results in a phenotype distinct from that of cells lacking CSN5 possibly as a consequence of altered CSN5 activity within a resultant CSN subcomplex. (biomedcentral.com)

It is established that tumor cells are inherently unstable in comparison to normal cells. (medium.com)

Eukaryotes have evolved complex regulatory systems to ensure the cell cycle continues in a timely and appropriate way. (smadpathway.com)

Planarians are flatworms with large populations of stem cells capable of dividing to support adult tissue renewal and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
Planarians contain an abundant and accessible population of somatic adult stem cells called neoblasts [ 18 - 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Planaria are a type of worm found all over the world and have an unlimited capacity to regenerate stem cells, being able to regenerate if they split in two. (spacefed.com)
A study led by Dr. Aziz Aboobaker [2,3] predicted that the Plenaria worm actively maintains its chromosome endings in adult stem cells, which would lead to immortality, at least theoretically. (spacefed.com)

We demonstrate that neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) self-renewal and spatiotemporal generation of neurons and other cell types are severely impacted by the loss of Ythdf2 in embryonic neocortex. (biomedcentral.com)
A microtubule-associated protein called APC was thought to be required for axon outgrowth, as dominant-negative APC expression in cultured neurons reduced axon growth dramatically. (rupress.org)

Key components supplier CX-4945 of these paths are protein kinases that are critical for the appropriate time of each cell cycle stage. (smadpathway.com)
Fluorescent Protein Technology - It took over thirty years, and the advent of recombinant DNA as well as vastly improved molecular biological approaches to see the pioneering work of Osamu Shimomura developed into a useful tool for live-cell imaging by Doug Prasher and Martin Chalfie. (fsu.edu)
Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)

Pulsating tandem microbubble for localized and directional single-cell membrane poration. (duke.edu)
All cells are bound by an outer membrane and contain cytoplasm and DNA. (learningcloud.ie)
Discuss membrane structure and transport across cell membranes. (learningcloud.ie)

The epic battle for the cell is to have the regularly expected circadian cycles found in our environment and "yoke" those signals to its metabolic cycle and to its growth cycle. (jackkruse.com)
A healthy immune system also prevents the growth of abnormal cells, which can become cancerous. (com.pk)
DNA alteration give cancerous cells a growth advantage and are selectively malignantly transformed cells. (medium.com)
Loss of either CSN subunit dramatically reduced cell growth but resulted in distinct patterns of cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
Animal serum, used historically for culturing cells [ 35 ], is a composite combination of biomolecules with different growth-promoting and inhibiting activities. (biomedcentral.com)

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recognize pyrophosphates secreted by many microbes or overproduced by malignant cells in the context of butyrophilin 3A1 molecules. (nature.com)

Other histologic subtypes include adenosquamous, clear cell, and papillary serous carcinomas. (medscape.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms12

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs111

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes80

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Proliferation14

Chromosomes10

Eukaryotic5

Cyclin B12

Kinase4

Differentiation2

Proteins12

Apoptosis8

Mitotic5

Microtubules4

Prophase2

Biology8

Localization2

Spindle2

Replication6

Progression1

Signaling pathway2

Kinetochore1

Defects2

Nucleus9

Biol4

Mechanisms7

Arrest3

Divides1

HeLa1

Degradation1

Regulation1

Undergoes1

Vitro3

Bacteria2

Instability4

Functional2

Pathways2

Somatic cell1

Menstrual cycles2

Squamous-cell carc2

Division11

Platelet4

Mutations2

Centrosome1

Genes3

Cellular5

Occurs2

Accumulation2

Migration1

Processes5

Intracellular1

Dendritic cells1

Endothelial cell5

Gene3

Induces1

Tissues5

Adhesion1

Knockdown3

Epithelial1

SiRNA3

Survival1

Depletion2

Cytotoxicity1

Phenotype1

Tumor cells1

Regulatory systems1

Stem cells4

Neurons2

Protein3

Membrane3

Growth5

Molecules1

Subtypes1