• Phosphorylation of CENP-A at serine 7 by Aurora A kinase recruits Aurora B to the centromere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by BUB1 gene. (cusabio.com)
  • Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs 2 crucial functions during mitosis. (cusabio.com)
  • A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
  • An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Mammalian aurora-A belongs to a multigenic family of mitotic serine/threonine kinases comprising two other members: aurora-B and aurora-C. In this review we will focus on aurora-A that starts to localize to centrosomes only in S phase as soon as centrioles have been duplicated, the protein is then degraded in early G1. (lookformedical.com)
  • A family of serine/threonine kinase Aurora constitutes a key regulator in the orchestration of mitotic events. (lookformedical.com)
  • Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs 2 crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment. (icr.ac.uk)
  • The kinase domain of Nek1, when expressed from bacteria, has dual serine-threonine and tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In response to DSB formation, DNA-PKcs is recruited to DSBs by the DNA end-binding Ku70/80 heterodimer and is rapidly phosphorylated at multiple serine and threonine residues ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Polo-like kinases (Plks) a family group of 5 crucial serine/threonine kinases (Plk1-Plk5) involved with cell division and mitosis represent a promising target. (researchensemble.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a serine/threonine kinase and DNA damage sensor, activating cell cycle checkpoint signaling upon DNA stress. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
  • Aurora kinases constitute a family of serine-threonine kinases that are strongly associated with cancer. (cogershop.com)
  • Catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, Never In Mitosis gene A-related kinase 2. (umbc.edu)
  • Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Never In Mitosis gene A (NIMA)-related kinase 2 (Nek2) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
  • These paclitaxel resistant ovarian cells demonstrate: (1) Increased IC 50 for paclitaxel and docetaxel (10 to 75-fold) and cross-resistance to anthracyclines (2) Reduced cell apoptosis in the presence of paclitaxel (3) Gene depletion involving mitotic regulators BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, cyclin BI (CCNB1), centromere protein E (CENPE), and centromere protein F (CENPF), and (4) Functional data validating gene depletion among mitotic regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aurora kinase B is a protein that functions in the attachment of the mitotic spindle to the centromere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of Aurora B reaches a maximum at the G2-M transition, whereas Aurora B protein is most active during mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intriguingly, EB1 overexpression enhances Aurora B kinase activity, at least in part because EB1 blocks the dephosphorylation/inactivation of Aurora B by protein phosphatase 2A. (wikipedia.org)
  • Silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint involves two protein phosphatases, PP1 and PP2A-B56, that are thought to extinguish checkpoint signaling through dephosphorylation of a checkpoint scaffold at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
  • Aurora kinase C is a chromosomal passenger protein that interacts with aurora kinase B in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
  • An aurora kinase that is a component of the chromosomal passenger protein complex and is involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. (lookformedical.com)
  • The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters. (lookformedical.com)
  • Resection is accompanied by the binding of replication protein A (RPA) to the 3' single-stranded overhangs, which helps recruiting the checkpoint complexes. (cea.fr)
  • 2. Providing novel insights into actions of major protein kinases, Aurora B and PKCε, in abscission checkpoint. (mun.ca)
  • Neks, mammalian orthologs of the fungal protein kinase never-in-mitosis A, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
  • DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, is involved in DNA double-strand break repair, immunocompetence, genomic integrity, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. (amegroups.org)
  • The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is the key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and is required for cellular resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)
  • All of these members contain a conserved C-terminal amino acid sequence termed the polo box domain which provides a docking site for certain proteins (1) and a kinase domain which is predicted to activate many protein kinases including Aurora A/B PKA ERK1/2 RSK1/2 Akt/PKB and MEK1 (2). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • You can find six phosphorylation sites in RSK1 that are crucial for its activation and its own subsequent part in substrate phosphorylation (21 22 Of the phosphorylation of Ser-380 can be very important to RSK1 activation traveling functions such as for example rules of gene manifestation and protein synthesis and cell cycle regulation as a downstream Nisoxetine hydrochloride kinase in the Mos-MAPK pathway (23). (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • As a molecular mechanism, we demonstrate that PTPRD interacts with aurora kinase A (AURKA), an oncogenic protein that is over-expressed in multiple forms of cancer, including neuroblastoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The encoded protein can phosphorylate and activate several proteins involved in the inhibition of DNA replication and mitosis, and can promote DNA repair, recombination, and apoptosis. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
  • NU 7026 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). (tocris.com)
  • Veuger et al (2003) Radiosensitization and DNA repair inhibition by the combined use of novel inhibitors of DNA-dependent protein kinase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-I. Cancer Res. (tocris.com)
  • 1) We first sought to characterize the positive timing mechanism that signals cytokinesis though a detailed investigation of Sid1p, a protein kinase essential for activation of ring constriction. (umassmed.edu)
  • 2) Secondly, we sought to define how cells negatively regulate cytokinesis through investigation of Dma1p, a spindle checkpoint protein implicated in inhibition of cytokinesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Comparing pan-Aurora kinase and Aurora-A targeting hints towards a strong and clinically relevant biological effect mediated via Aurora kinase B. Taken together, our findings characterize a new poor risk group in SCCHN patients defined by elevated EGFR and Aurora-A protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • The Nek family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)
  • Here we show that cells transactivate the mitotic gene network as they exit the S phase through a CDK1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1)-directed FOXM1 phosphorylation switch. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here, we report the association of Polo-like kinase (PLK) 3 expression and Caspase 8 T273 phosphorylation levels with survival among patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) treated with CRT plus BT. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Prevailing models posit that a key trigger of SAC signaling is the phosphorylation of the kinetochore scaffold KNL1 by the SAC kinase MPS1. (rupress.org)
  • Once recruited to DSB, these complexes get activated and induce the phosphorylation of numerous targets including transducing kinases, which subsequently phosphorylate downstream effectors to delay cell cycle and promote DNA repair. (cea.fr)
  • Additionally, the checkpoint kinases modify the chromatin surrounding DNA damages through phosphorylation of the H2A histone (H2AX in mammals). (cea.fr)
  • 2. Identifying the TopoIIα S29 phosphorylation as being necessary for enhanced catenation resolution. (mun.ca)
  • Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
  • This phosphorylation is regulated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the Rad3-related (ATR) kinases in response to various genotoxic stresses, making it a critical regulatory element of DNA-PKcs ( 6 , 10 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Rad53 phosphorylation/activation is elicited when unrepaired meiosis-specific DSBs escape the recombination checkpoint. (unimi.it)
  • In addition, PIP2 binds to polo-like kinase (PLK1) and reduces PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of MCAK. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It seems now clear that posttranslational modification of both DNA repair and checkpoint proteins is of importance for the regulation of their activities but how these modifications are regulated and how they affect the activity of the proteins only begins to be described. (cea.fr)
  • Has a key role in the assembly of checkpoint proteins at the kinetochore, being required for the subsequent localization of CENPF, BUB1B, CENPE and MAD2L1. (icr.ac.uk)
  • 2004). Different spindle checkpoint proteins monitor microtubule attachment and tension at kinetochores in Drosophila cells . (up.pt)
  • Proteins involved in the ATM-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR)-dependent S-phase checkpoint response (Chk1 and Rad17) were also phosphorylated but not ataxia telengectasia mutated kinase. (nih.gov)
  • The role of cell cycle checkpoint proteins is to integrate internal and external factors to determine whether the cell is prepared for progression of the cell cycle. (ptgcn.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases and tumor suppressor proteins are stimulators and modulators of cell division. (ptgcn.com)
  • The key role of checkpoint proteins is to detect DNA damage and send a signal to delay cell cycle advance until the damaged chromosomes are repaired (Figure 1). (ptgcn.com)
  • The authors confirmed these mitotic delays were due to SAC activation by inhibiting the SAC kinase Mps1, which usually recruits other checkpoint proteins at unattached kinetochores. (biologists.com)
  • Such dynamism is essential for assembling and positioning the bipolar spindle, searching for and docking with kinetochores, congressing and segregating chromosomes, and governing the spindle checkpoint [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Perturbation of their activity leads to multiple defects in mitosis including aberrant centrosome duplication, misalignment of chromosomes, inhibition of cytokinesis, and disruption of the spindle checkpoint. (cogershop.com)
  • Analysis of DNA content and indirect immunofluoresence demonstrates that SNS-314 induces defects in cytokinesis and spindle checkpoint that are consistent with Aurora kinase inhibition. (cogershop.com)
  • Furthermore, we found that aberrant SIN activation can override a microtubule-damage-induced spindle checkpoint arrest. (umassmed.edu)
  • It also interacts with other mitotic kinases such as Polo-like kinase 1 and may play a role in spindle checkpoint. (umbc.edu)
  • Silencing the spindle assembly checkpoint: Let's play Polo! (rupress.org)
  • Luckily, eukaryotic cells not only possess an error-correction machinery deputed to rectify faulty attachments ( 2 ), but they also have a safeguard device, called the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), that temporarily halts cells in mitosis to provide them with the necessary time window to fix the errors. (rupress.org)
  • The BUB1-BUB3 complex plays a role in the inhibition of APC/C when spindle-assembly checkpoint is activated and inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of APC/C by phosphorylating its activator CDC20. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Kinase activity is essential for inhibition of APC/CCDC20 and for chromosome alignment but does not play a major role in the spindle-assembly checkpoint activity. (icr.ac.uk)
  • Most eukaryotic cells use the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to ensure faithful chromosome segregation in each round of cell division by delaying mitotic progression until all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle microtubules at their kinetochores. (biologists.com)
  • current view for the silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint. (fsu.edu)
  • We have generated model systems to explore drug resistance in ovarian cancer, which have revealed a key pathway related to the spindle assembly checkpoint underlying paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous evidence points to numerous components of the spindle assembly checkpoint and mitotic regulation playing a major role in several cancers [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, through gene expression profiling we have demonstrated disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint in the paclitaxel resistant cell lines, indicating a potential therapeutic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NIMA (never-in-mitosis gene A)-related kinase 1 (Nek1) is shown to impact on different cellular pathways such as DNA repair, checkpoint activation, and apoptosis. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI staining, and transwell assay were employed to test the proliferation, apoptosis, migration ability, and invasiveness of COAD cells. (hindawi.com)
  • When cells are deficient in NIMA or in certain NIMA-related kinases, they undergo apoptosis because of major errors in chromosome segregation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that combined targeting of EGFR and Aurora kinases represents a therapeutic means to activate cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis in SCCHN. (oncotarget.com)
  • 2. High accumulation of Cyclin B1 in the nuclei can be used as a marker for studying the G2/M phase (Figure 3). (ptgcn.com)
  • Also, the expression of Cyclin D should be decreased at the G2/M checkpoint (Figure 4). (ptgcn.com)
  • A molecule called cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) regulates the cell cycle. (sciencing.com)
  • We found Sid1p is additionally controlled by Cyclin Dependent Kinase activity, uncovering an important link between mitotic events and initiation of cytokinesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • We found that Plk1 suppressed the activity of RSK1 during embryonic mitosis and that Plk1 was inhibited during embryonic diapause and mitotic arrest. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Therefore Myt1 acts mainly because a common substrate for RSK1 in Plk1 and meiosis in Nisoxetine hydrochloride mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • Therefore it would be interesting to examine the control mechanism of cell cycle progression in which RSK1 affects Myt1 in meiosis and Plk1 affects Myt1 in mitosis. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • History Polo-like kinases (Plks) control multiple steps during the cell cycle and Plk1 is overexpressed in urothelial cancer (UC). (researchensemble.com)
  • We have identified origin recognition complex 2 (Orc2), a member of the DNA replication machinery, as a Plk1 substrate and have shown that Plk1 phosphorylates Orc2 at Ser188 in vitro and in vivo. (uky.edu)
  • The activity of NEK6 plays important roles in mitotic spindle kinetochore fiber formation, metaphase-anaphase transition, cytokinesis, and checkpoint regulation [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cytokinesis must only occur after chromosomes have segregated during mitosis to ensure each daughter cell receives the proper complement of genetic material. (umassmed.edu)
  • We conclude that signaling cytokinesis is tightly coordinated with mitosis in S. pombe by positive signals acting through Sid1p and the SIN, and under certain conditions, negative signals acting through Dma1p. (umassmed.edu)
  • The main goal of mitosis is to accurately segregate chromosomes, such that each daughter cell inherits a full complement of genetic information. (rupress.org)
  • For a cell to progress through the cycle and replicate, it must pass through checkpoints between phases to ensure that DNA is replicated correctly and that chromosomes segregate. (tocris.com)
  • DSBs are first detected and signaled by the DNA damage checkpoint that triggers cell cycle arrest, providing time for the cell to repair damaged chromosomes before entering mitosis. (cea.fr)
  • Loss of function of the Cik1/Kar3 motor complex results in chromosomes with syntelic attachment that are sensed by the tension checkpoint. (fsu.edu)
  • Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity via a small interfering RNA or a kinase inhibitor results in mitosis delay, abnormal spindle formation, and chromosome misalignment. (amegroups.org)
  • SNS-314 is an ATP-competitive, selective, and potent nanomolar inhibitor of aurora kinases in vitro. (cogershop.com)
  • SNS-314 is a potent small-molecule inhibitor of Aurora kinase that is being developed as a novel anti-cancer therapeutic agent. (cogershop.com)
  • Aurora kinase B localizes to microtubules near kinetochores, specifically to the specialized microtubules called K-fibers, and Aurora kinase A (MIM 603072) localizes to centrosomes (Lampson et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • It also directly binds to BubR1, a kinetochore-associated kinase implicated in the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control pathway in which unattached kinetochores prevent anaphase onset. (rupress.org)
  • Without CENP-E, diminished levels of BubR1 are recruited to kinetochores and BubR1 kinase activity remains at basal levels. (rupress.org)
  • https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202002020 ) now show that a critical function of these phosphatases in checkpoint silencing is removal of Polo kinase at kinetochores, which would otherwise autonomously sustain the checkpoint. (rupress.org)
  • Networks may be constructed from data found by high-throughput gene expression profiling technologies, such as microarray or RNA-seq [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The zinc finger domain of Tzfp binds to the tbs motif located at the upstream flanking region of the Aie1 (aurora-C) kinase gene. (lookformedical.com)
  • The mouse Tzfp gene, mapped to chromosome 7 B2-B3, encodes a 465-amino acid transcription factor containing a conserved N-terminal BTB/POZ domain and three C-terminal PLZF-like C(2)H(2) zinc fingers. (lookformedical.com)
  • On the other hand, individual siRNAs or low complexity siRNA pools containing only 2-4 siRNAs often display dominant off-target profiles and exhibit variable target gene knock-downs. (sitoolsbiotech.com)
  • Also, cells deficient in topoisomerase II show significantly reduced Aurora B kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • NEK6 belongs to the never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinases family and is a mitogen/threonine kinase with 313 amino acids. (hindawi.com)
  • Nek1 is a mammalian ortholog of the fungal kinase NIMA (never in mitosis A in Aspergillus nidulans ), which functions in DNA damage responses, regulates G2-M phase progression, and helps keep chromosome transmission to daughter cells faithful [ 5 ]-[ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nek1 was identified as the first mammalian NIMA-related kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Nek2 subfamily includes Aspergillus nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek family, which was identified in a screen for cell cycle mutants prevented from entering mitosis. (umbc.edu)
  • NIMA is essential for mitotic entry and progression through mitosis, and its degradation is essential for mitotic exit. (umbc.edu)
  • This analysis showed that the association of Aurora B with centromeres is dynamic (Aurora B at the centromere is constantly exchanging with a pool of cytoplasmic Aurora B). The analysis of tagged Aurora B also suggested that it associates with spindle microtubules during anaphase of mitosis and this association significantly limits its mobility. (wikipedia.org)
  • Much is known about the control of the G 1 /S, G 2 /M, and metaphase/anaphase transitions, but thus far, no control mechanism has been identified for the S/G 2 transition. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 1. Defining a mechanism by which the key mitotic kinase, Aurora B orchestrates safe passage through the metaphase-anaphase transition in the presence of mitotic catenation. (mun.ca)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • The Aurora kinases associate with microtubules during chromosome movement and segregation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1998, Aurora kinase B was identified in humans by a polymerase chain reaction screen for kinases that are overexpressed in cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the same year, rat Aurora kinase B was identified in a screen designed to find kinases that altered S. cerevisiae proliferation when overexpressed. (wikipedia.org)
  • INCENP stimulates Aurora B kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In topoisomerase II-depleted cells, Aurora B and INCENP do not transfer to the central spindle in late mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Numerous kinetochore targets of Aurora kinases have been determined in organisms ranging from yeast to man. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aurora kinase c. (lookformedical.com)
  • An aurora kinase that localizes to the CENTROSOME during MITOSIS and is involved in centrosome regulation and formation of the MITOTIC SPINDLE. (lookformedical.com)
  • Aurora kinases are found in all organisms in which their function has been conserved throughout evolution, namely the control of chromosome segregation. (lookformedical.com)
  • 3. Investigating the input upstream of Aurora B which involves a non-canonical Caspase-7 signalling pathway resulting in the proteolytic cleavage of PKCε in mitosis. (mun.ca)
  • Shamila Yazdanpanah, MSc Candidate Dr. Leitges' Laboratory "PKCε switches Aurora B specificity to exit the abscission checkpoint" Objectives: 1. (mun.ca)
  • Aurora A and B are essential in mitosis. (cogershop.com)
  • however, Aurora C can complement Aurora B kinase activity in mitosis. (cogershop.com)
  • Analysis of SNS-314 treated tumors confirms that the anti-tumor activity is consistent with Aurora kinase inhibition. (cogershop.com)
  • We analyzed the clinical data and performed immunohistochemistry for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) expression in 180 SCCHN patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • Combined Aurora kinase and EGFR targeting using a monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody was more effective compared to single EGFR and Aurora kinase inhibition. (oncotarget.com)
  • 2008). 4′-Methoxy-2-styrylchromone a novel microtubule-stabilizing antimitotic agent . (up.pt)
  • it appears to be involved in mitosis, microtubule dynamics, and proper chromosomal segregation ( 12 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Chromosomal segregation during mitosis as well as meiosis is regulated by kinases and phosphatases. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA damage checkpoint response to accidental DSBs during mitosis requires the Rad53 effector kinase, whereas the meiosis-specific Mek1 kinase, together with Red1 and Hop1, mediates the recombination checkpoint in response to programmed meiotic DSBs. (unimi.it)
  • These mitotic kinesins are spatially and temporally regulated to stringently control their localized activity towards both ends of MTs at each stage of mitosis, thereby ensuring mitotic fidelity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of NEK6 can lead to the termination of mitosis, chromatin spindle defects, and abnormal chromosomal differentiation [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • CRC cells with different genetic backgrounds such as HT29, HCT116, HCT116(p53-/-), HCT116+chr3, and LoVo were treated with 5-ASA for 2-96 hours. (nih.gov)
  • Altogether, these data indicate that Rad53 prevents sister chromatid segregation in the presence of unrepaired programmed meiotic DSBs, thus providing a salvage mechanism ensuring genetic integrity in the gametes even in the absence of the recombination checkpoint. (unimi.it)
  • Recent studies have examined the consequences of epigenetic marks and cell cycle control, which has led to more research regarding cell division cancer, emphasizing the fact that the cell division process requires accurate checkpoints to avoid genetic damage. (ptgcn.com)
  • CENP-E binds to and directly stimulates the kinase activity of purified BubR1 in vitro. (rupress.org)
  • Works in various organisms have revealed that the kinase is involved in centrosome separation, duplication and maturation as well as in bipolar spindle assembly and stability. (lookformedical.com)
  • Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)
  • However, early embryonic divisions notably lack a checkpoint response despite the importance to maintain genome fidelity, ploidy, and stability to establish a new developing organism. (biologists.com)
  • For example, the early embryonic cleavages of both Xenopus frogs and zebrafish do not have cell cycle checkpoints until the mid-blastula transition and zygotic genome activation. (biologists.com)
  • Nek1 shRNA HeLa cells were grafted into NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγc−/− (NSG) mice and Nek1 KD was induced by Dox-infused drinking water resulting in a significant cytostatic effect if combined with a 6 h fractionation (3 × 2 Gy) regime. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)
  • Our data demonstrate that 5-ASA causes cells to reversibly accumulate in S phase and activate an ATR-dependent checkpoint. (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, the intra-S-phase checkpoint is activated in Orc2-S188A-expressing cells to cause delay of S-phase progress. (uky.edu)
  • Cells were exposed to an incremental dose escalation of paclitaxel (2 nM) for approximately 2 passages, up to a final concentration of 25 nM, once paclitaxel resistance was achieved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This theory holds that tumors arise from 1 of 2 undifferentiated stem cells: the excretory duct reserve cell or the intercalated duct reserve cell. (medscape.com)
  • These factors may cause mutations or abnormal expression of certain oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, leading to the occurrence or development of CRC [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we hypothesized that 5-ASA restrains cell cycle progression by activating checkpoint pathways in colorectal cell lines, which would prevent tumor development and improve genomic stability. (nih.gov)
  • This effect is counteracted by Dma1p, which normally inhibits the SIN during checkpoint activation to preserve cell viability until damage is repaired. (umassmed.edu)
  • Checkpoint control kinases is a term used to describe a group of enzymes that regulate progression of a cell through the cell cycle. (tocris.com)
  • Animal models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) have been invaluable in discovering and dissecting cellular and molecular pathways by which polycystic kidneys develop and by which progression of all types of PKD may be modified [ 1 ],[ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is a pressing need to improve therapy in particular for patients with metastatic disease or local recurrence, where the median progression-free and overall survival is only ~ 6 months and ~11 months, respectively [ 2 - 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)