Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and mitochondrial phosphate carrier proteins complexes are found carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Four membrane-bound complexes have been identified in mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. (nature.com)
BAT mitochondria express large amount of Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which enables a proton leak from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. (ibpc.fr)
Our approach combine ligand chemistry with protein refolding and functional assays on yeast mitochondria to identify key residues involved in the regulation of UCP1 activity. (ibpc.fr)
Plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein activity in mitochondria isolated from tomatoes at different stages of ripening. (shengsci.com)
They are β-oxidized in mitochondria and some of them (namely long chain fatty acids) are known to have a decoupling-like effect on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A class of nucleotide translocases found abundantly in mitochondria that function as integral components of the inner mitochondrial membrane. (nih.gov)
Mitochondria dynamically change their morphology via fusion and fission, a process called mitochondrial dynamics. (biomed.news)
This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that high SRC cells fuse mitochondria in response to glucose restriction, enhancing tolerance to energy deficiency, but undergo less mitochondrial oxidative stress compared to low SRC cells. (biomed.news)
[1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)
[5] The eukaryote Monocercomonoides is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, [6] and the multicellular organism Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
[20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)

Each is an extremely complex transmembrane structure that is embedded in the inner membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Here we propose that succinate has evolved as a signaling modality because its concentration reflects the coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool redox state, a central redox couple confined to the mitochondrial inner membrane. (nature.com)
Measurements of oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and patch-clamp electrophysiology show BT2 increases proton conductance across the mitochondrial inner membrane independently of its inhibitory effect on BCKDK. (biomed.news)

The energy released by reactions of oxygen and reduced compounds such as cytochrome c and (indirectly) NADH and FADH2 is used by the electron transport chain to pump protons into the intermembrane space, generating the electrochemical gradient over the inner mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Via the transferred electrons, this energy is used to generate a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane by "pumping" protons into the intermembrane space, producing a state of higher free energy that has the potential to do work. (wikipedia.org)
Energy associated with the transfer of electrons down the electron transport chain is used to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical proton gradient (ΔpH) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)

Fig. 2: Succinate controls mitochondrial superoxide production through mitochondrial complex I. (nature.com)
BT2 is roughly five-fold less potent than the prototypical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and phenocopies DNP in lowering de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial superoxide production. (biomed.news)

Objective Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring compound found in cruciferous vegetables, and its metabolite 3,3′‐diindolylmethane (DIM) reduce body mass and serum glucose levels in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. (researchgate.net)
Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
Mitochondrial ATP turnover, calculated after specific inhibition of glycolysis, was stable (~0.70 ± 0.25 μmol.min -1 .g -1 liver ww) during the first two hr whatever the force-feeding, and increased transiently about two-fold at the 3rd hr in glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
In liver from 48 hr-starved rats, the energy need for net glycogen synthesis from exogenous glucose corresponds to ~50% of basal mitochondrial ATP turnover. (biomedcentral.com)
Butyrate, known to reduce oxidative phosphorylation yield and to induce a glucose-sparing effect, delayed the transient increase in mitochondrial ATP turnover and hence energy contribution to glycogen metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ouhsc.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative" by people in this website by year, and whether "Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ouhsc.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative" by people in Profiles. (ouhsc.edu)
Drosophila transmembrane protein 214 (dTMEM214) regulates midgut glucose uptake and systemic glucose homeostasis. (ouhsc.edu)
Drosophila Solute Carrier 5A5 Regulates Systemic Glucose Homeostasis by Mediating Glucose Absorption in the Midgut. (ouhsc.edu)
The laforin-malin complex negatively regulates glycogen synthesis by modulating cellular glucose uptake via glucose transporters. (ouhsc.edu)
In this work, we identified oroxylin A (OA), a dual GLUT1/mitochondrial fusion inhibitor, which restricted glucose catabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and simultaneously inhibited mitochondrial fusion by disturbing SIRT1/PDK2/PARL axis. (biomed.news)
Based the dual action of OA in metabolic regulation and mitochondrial dynamics, further results revealed that mitochondrial functional status and spare respiratory capacity (SRC) of cancer cells had a close correlation with mitochondrial metabolic plasticity, and played important roles in the susceptibility to cancer therapy aiming at glucose restriction. (biomed.news)
Thus, inhibiting mitochondrial fusion breaks mitochondrial metabolic plasticity and increases cancer cell susceptibility to glucose restriction therapy. (biomed.news)
He found that, even in the presence of ample oxygen, cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose by glycolysis, a seeming paradox as glycolysis, when compared to oxidative phosphorylation, is a less efficient pathway for producing ATP (Warburg, 1956). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Because a decreased dependence on aerobic respiration becomes advantageous, cell metabolism is shifted toward glycolysis by the increased expression of glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters, and inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Crystal structure of mitochondrial respiratory membrane protein complex II. (nature.com)
small integral membrane protein 3 [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer. (nature.com)
Wild-type (WT) mice treated with DOX developed cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial abnormalities. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND: A dysfunction of NADH dehydrogenase, the mitochondrial Complex I (CI), associated with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in previous experimental studies. (bvsalud.org)
A deficiency of Ndufc2 (subunit of CI) impairs CI activity causing severe mitochondrial dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)
In-vitro, the Ndufc2 deficiency-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction caused cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, pointing to SIRT3-AMPK-AKT-MnSOD as a major underlying signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated for the first time a significant association of NDUFC2 variants with LVH in human hypertension and highlight a key role of Ndufc2 deficiency-dependent CI mitochondrial dysfunction on increased susceptibility to cardiac hypertrophy development. (bvsalud.org)
Lysosomal function is critical for organismal homeostasis-mutations in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause severe human disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases, and lysosome dysfunction is implicated in age-associated diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)

The proton flow responsible for decreased pH values inside mitochondrial cristae and membrane invaginations of cyanobacteria has been c. (shengsci.com)

We found upregulation of the key fructose transporter and metabolizing enzyme mRNAs, Slc2a2 , Khka , and Khkc , and higher ketohexokinase activity in the Hif-p4h-2 gt/gt small intestine relative to the WT, suggesting enhanced metabolism of fructose in the former. (springer.com)
The role of the respirasome in bioenergetics and the regulation of metabolism is subject to intense debate and is difficult to study because the individual respiratory chain complexes coexist together with high levels of respirasomes. (biomed.news)

In eukaryotic organisms the electron transport chain, and site of oxidative phosphorylation, is found on the inner mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Butyrate, end-product of intestinal fermentation, is known to impair oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver and could disturb glycogen synthesis depending on the ATP supplied by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic glycolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
More recently, we demonstrated in isolated rat liver that a butyrate perfusion of the organ decreases the oxidative phosphorylation yield in the whole organ by decreasing the mitochondrial synthesis flux of ATP [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Glycogen synthesis, which is located in cytosol, depends on the UTP supply and hence on ATP supply resulting from both mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic glycolysis. (biomedcentral.com)

Ischaemic accumulation of succinate controls reperfusion injury through mitochondrial ROS. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Accumulated mitochondrial succinate regulates cellular αKG-dependent dioxygenases. (nature.com)

These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. (nature.com)
Viroporins compose a group of small hydrophobic transmembrane proteins that can form hydrophilic pores through lipid bilayers. (adenosine-receptor.com)

These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC1α. (nature.com)
[10] Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)

Fig. 1: Mitochondrial bioenergetics and the coenzyme Q (CoQ) pool. (nature.com)
The mammalian respiratory chain complexes I, III2, and IV (CI, CIII2, and CIV) are critical for cellular bioenergetics and form a stable assembly, the respirasome (CI-CIII2-CIV), that is biochemically and structurally well documented. (biomed.news)
Our findings show that high levels of respirasomes are dispensable for maintaining bioenergetics and physiology in mice but raise questions about their alternate functions, such as those relating to the regulation of protein stability and prevention of age-associated protein aggregation. (biomed.news)

More recently, we found that amino-acids identified by NMR titration in DPC as crucial for UCP1 activation by long chain free fatty acid are without effect in a physiological mitochondrial context [8] . (ibpc.fr)

Consequently, the proton permeability induced by UCP1 activity fully uncouples respiration from ATP synthesis and dissipates energy from oxidative catabolism as heat ( Figure 1 ). (ibpc.fr)
In this work, we have analyzed quantitatively the mitochondrial respiration in post-operational tissue samples taken from 55 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). (mitophysiology.org)
The control of mitochondrial respiration was distributed across several mitochondrial processes: FCC for complex II (CII) was found to be high for CRC and healthy colon tissue, as well as in the case of Caco-2 cell culture (where the respiratory chain is controlled also by CIV) (Fig. 1). (mitophysiology.org)

In addition, S1P exposure increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) in wild-type astrocytes and reduced OCRs in S1P 2 -null astrocytes, implicating receptor selective metabolic consequences of S1P-mediated glutamate uptake inhibition. (eneuro.org)
The data suggest the therapeutic efficacy of BT2 may be attributable to the well-documented effects of mitochondrial uncoupling in alleviating cardiovascular and metabolic disease. (biomed.news)
Dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics respond rapidly to metabolic cues, and are linked to the initiation and progression of diverse human cancers. (biomed.news)
Collectively, these finding indicate that combining a GLUT1 inhibitor with a mitochondrial fusion inhibitor can work synergistically in cancer therapy and, more broadly, suggest that the incorporations of mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic regulation may become the targetable vulnerabilities bypassing the genotypic heterogeneity of multiple malignancies. (biomed.news)
The deposition of Cu in lysosomes isolated from macrophages was also determined by ICP-MS. Cell viability (metabolic activity) was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay, and oxidative stress was monitored by a variety of methods including a luminescence-based assay for cellular glutathione (GSH), and flow cytometry-based detection of mitochondrial superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential. (biomedcentral.com)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid originating from cell membrane sphingolipids and associates with carrier molecules like albumin, ApoM, and ApoA4 to produce cellular effects. (eneuro.org)
Viroporins have been implicated in promoting virus release and in affecting cellular functions including protein trafficking and membrane per.S like BTV and AHSV. (adenosine-receptor.com)
This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
CuO NP-elicited cell death was characterized by mitochondrial swelling with signs of oxidative stress including the production of mitochondrial superoxide and cellular depletion of GSH. (biomedcentral.com)

Fig. 1: Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. (nature.com)

and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. (nature.com)
Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL). (lookformedical.com)

Protein aggregation was determined by confocal microscopy using an aggresome-specific dye and protein misfolding was determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. (biomedcentral.com)

Stefely, J. A. & Pagliarini, D. J. Biochemistry of mitochondrial coenzyme Q biosynthesis. (nature.com)

Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. (nature.com)
DOX treatment led to a significant downregulation of cardiac levels of SIRT3, a deacetylase involved in mitochondrial protection, in WT mice, which was rescued by MST1 inhibition. (bvsalud.org)
To critically investigate the in vivo role of the respirasome, we generated homozygous knockin mice that have normal levels of respiratory chain complexes but profoundly decreased levels of respirasomes. (biomed.news)

To investigate the role of Ca2+ in mitochondrial function, insulin secretion from INS-1 cells stably expressing the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin in the appropriate compartments was correlated with changes in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]c) and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m). (123dok.net)

Martínez-Reyes, I. & Chandel, N. S. Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease. (nature.com)

This proton gradient is largely but not exclusively responsible for the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). (wikipedia.org)
ATP synthase uses the proton gradient, as an electrochemical force, to produce ATP from ADP and free phosphate, both coming from outside the matrix by specific carriers : ADP/ATP Carrier (AAC) and Phosphate Carrier (PiC). (ibpc.fr)

S1P inhibited astrocytic glutamate uptake in a dose-dependent manner and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, primarily through S1P 2 . (eneuro.org)

The electrons that are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC involves four multi-subunit large enzymes complexes and two mobile electron carriers. (wikipedia.org)
At the inner mitochondrial membrane, electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through the electron transport chain to oxygen, which provides the energy driving the process as it is reduced to water. (wikipedia.org)

Net glycogenolysis always appeared after the 8th hr, whereas flux of mitochondrial ATP synthesis returned to near basal level (0.91 ± 0.19 μmol.min -1 .g -1 liver ww). (biomedcentral.com)

An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The free energy released when a higher-energy electron donor and acceptor convert to lower-energy products, while electrons are transferred from a lower to a higher redox potential, is used by the complexes in the electron transport chain to create an electrochemical gradient of ions. (wikipedia.org)
This connection is of general importance because CoQ redox state integrates three bioenergetic parameters: mitochondrial electron supply, oxygen tension and ATP demand. (nature.com)
Mitchell, P. Protonmotive redox mechanism of the cytochrome b - c 1 complex in the respiratory chain: protonmotive ubiquinone cycle. (nature.com)
A sensitive mass spectrometric assay for mitochondrial CoQ pool redox state in vivo. (nature.com)

In Drosophila, Notch participating to the work contains released however to find known by one proinflammatory glomerulus following salicylate way, Suppressor of Hairless. (evakoch.com)
After acute injury in muscle of both mouse and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (used as alternative in vivo model) this study found that RACK1 accumulated in regenerating fibers while it declined with the progression of repair process. (sdbonline.org)
Mutations in the gene for the antennapedia homeodomain protein are associated with the conversion of antenna to leg or leg to antenna DROSOPHILA. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. (lookformedical.com)
The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development. (lookformedical.com)

It allows ATP synthase to use the flow of H+ through the enzyme back into the matrix to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate. (wikipedia.org)

RNA enzymes may observe from also translocated proteins, they may phosphorylate suggested in proteins with delayed strategies, or they may outline known in membranes of factor factors. (evakoch.com)
[22] A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins . (wikipedia.org)

did not observe CPE of BSR cells infected with BTVM14, which is similar to our mutAUG1 virus, and these authors have suggested a blockade in BTV replication late in infection, since all other viral processes were accomplished like protein translation, genome replication and assembly of viral cores. (adenosine-receptor.com)

Protein consumption has been studied a lot for longevity and thyroid hormone production. (men-elite.com)
consumption by permeabilized tissue fibers derived from CRC patients when all components of OXPHOS system were titrated with specific inhibitors to stepwise decrease of a selected respiratory complex activity in the presence of 2 mM ADP. (mitophysiology.org)

The peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha ( Ppargc1a ) gene was found to be involved in the networks generated using Ingenuity Pathway Studio (IPA) from the differentially expressed transcript cluster lists of week 2 versus 1, week 3 versus 2, week 6 versus 3, and week 8 versus 6. (molvis.org)
The gene expression of Ppargc1a varied during scleral growth from week 1 to 2, week 2 to 3, week 3 to 6, and week 6 to 8 and was found to interact with a different set of genes at different scleral growth stages. (molvis.org)
14) strand proteins in gene-internal of FGFR3 and capable sunshine amyloid or proteotoxic cell increasing( Otsuki, 1999). (evakoch.com)
The soxL gene from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (DSM 639) encodes a Rieske iron-sulfur protein. (shengsci.com)
The T allele at NDUFC2/rs11237379 variant associates with reduced gene expression and impaired mitochondrial function. (bvsalud.org)
Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
As an example TP 53 refers to the gene and p53 refers to the protein. (cancerquest.org)

Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
It was found that GSOs reversed GLU-induced reductions in cell viability and the LDH release rate, and rescued ROS accumulation. (sdbonline.org)
We also observed a dose-dependent accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and loss of proteasomal function in CuO NP-exposed cells, and we could demonstrate misfolding and mitochondrial translocation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a Cu/Zn-dependent enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the defense against oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)

Loss of p53 may also recapitulate the features of the Warburg effect, that is, the uncoupling of glycolysis from oxygen levels. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

In complexes, the other enzymes affect cleaved CBF1( or RBPJkappa), while in channels they are required Lag-1, immediately that the m ' CSL ' demonstrates separated been to this produced feature experience breast. (evakoch.com)
A pair of principal enzymes, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthatase, are found in all organisms and effect the conversion of ammonia into the amino acids glutamate and glutamine, respectively. (medmuv.com)

In photosynthetic eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is found on the thylakoid membrane. (wikipedia.org)

Control of ubiquinol oxidation at center P (Qo) of the cytochrome bc1 complex. (shengsci.com)
The unique bifurcated oxidation of ubiquinol at center P (Qo) of the cytochrome bc1 complex is the reaction within the Q-cycle reaction scheme that is most critical for the link between electron transfer and vectorial proton translocation. (shengsci.com)

Fig. 4: Post-translational mechanisms governing respiratory control and the role of mitochondrial membrane dynamics. (nature.com)

We quantified the control exerted by different components of the respiratory chain and the ATP synthasome complex in human CRC clinical material as compared with normal tissue and compatible cell culture Caco-2. (mitophysiology.org)
Cell invasion is a crucial step of tumor metastasis , finding new regulators of which offers potential drug targets for cancer therapy. (sdbonline.org)
dGLYAT was found to regulate Gadd45 -mediated JNK pathway activation and cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
CuO NPs undergo dissolution in lysosomes leading to copper-dependent macrophage cell death characterized by protein misfolding and proteasomal insufficiency. (biomedcentral.com)

The citric type, pin-pointed a available interface( complex), describes an Second subcellular transcription within a receptor path-finding. (evakoch.com)
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process. (lookformedical.com)

Fig. 3: Translational control of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. (nature.com)

Ammonia the highly toxic product of protein catabolism, is rapidly inactivated by a variety of reactions. (medmuv.com)

Protein doesn't negatively affect testosterone or thyroid function. (men-elite.com)
Several other genetic backgrounds result in enlargement of the haltere significantly beyond the normal range of haploinsufficient phenotypes, suggesting genetic variation in cofactors that mediate homeotic protein function. (lookformedical.com)

useful autologous side to viral complex in internists with cardiovascular failure remedy: a access of risk with fatty patient on heart blood and Specific regulatory diffuse failure. (xtenddigital.com)

The different amino acid profiles of different protein sources can differently affect thyroid hormone-binding proteins, which can modulate the free T3 fraction. (men-elite.com)
Reduced nitrogen enters the human body as dietary free amino acids, protein, and the ammonia produced by intestinal tract bacteria. (medmuv.com)

Results DIM, but not I3C, increased adipocyte differentiation through upregulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α. (researchgate.net)
CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta [So. (gsea-msigdb.org)

In general, mRNA levels of ECM and collagen genes have been found to be downregulated in both the adult mouse sclera [ 6 ] and cornea [ 7 ] when compared with samples from an earlier developmental stage. (molvis.org)
These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)

Kunji, E. R. S. The Mechanism of Transport by Mitochondrial Carriers Based on Analysis of Symmetry. (ibpc.fr)
In conclusion, mutAUG1+2 virus can still cause CPE, and we assume that CPE is the main mechanism of egress to the BTV NS3/NS3a Not Essential for Replication medium of BTV lacking NS3/NS3a protein. (adenosine-receptor.com)

S1P signals extracellularly through five G-protein-coupled receptors and it is found in higher concentrations in neurologic diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) where excitotoxic neurodegeneration has been implicated. (eneuro.org)
The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Mitochondria12

Inner membrane3

Intermembrane space3

Superoxide production2

Glucose17

Membrane protein2

Dysfunction8

Cristae1

Metabolism2

Oxidative phosphorylation4

Succinate2

Transmembrane2

Biogenesis3

Bioenergetics3

Physiological1

Respiration3

Metabolic5

Cellular4

Respiratory capacity1

Regulation2

Aggregation1

Coenzyme1

Mice3

Cytosolic1

Physiology1

Proton gradient2

Oxygen consumption1

NADH2

Synthesis1

Redox5

Drosophila5

Synthase1

Membranes2

Processes1

Consumption2

Gene7

Accumulation3

Glycolysis1

Enzymes2

Eukaryotes1

Cytochrome bc1 com2

Dynamics1

Cell6

Transcription2

Control1

Rapidly1

Function2

Cardiovascular1

Amino2

CCAAT2

Genes have been found2

Mechanism2

Diseases2