Mitochondrial rna polymerase. Medical search. Frequent questions

Depending on the organism, a RNA polymerase can be a protein complex (multi-subunit RNAP) or only consist of one subunit (single-subunit RNAP, ssRNAP), each representing an independent lineage. (wikipedia.org)
RNA polymerase "core" from E. coli consists of five subunits: two alpha (α) subunits of 36 kDa, a beta (β) subunit of 150 kDa, a beta prime subunit (β′) of 155 kDa, and a small omega (ω) subunit. (wikipedia.org)
Co-transcriptional pre-mRNA processing relies on reversible phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). (cipsm.de)
SOD2 is a mitochondrial protein that forms a homotetramer and binds one manganese ion per subunit. (avivasysbio.com)
All of the sequenced genomes have a group I intron in the large ribosomal subunit RNA gene, suggesting that this intron is fixed in these species. (umd.edu)
A notable example is the replacement of an original multi-subunit bacteria-like RNA polymerase (inherited from the proto-mitochondrial ancestor and still encoded in certain jakobid - but no other - mitochondrial genomes) by a single-subunit bacteriophage T3/T7-like RNA polymerase, which directs mitochondrial transcription in virtually all eukaryotes [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This Rat Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20 homolog (TOMM20) ELISA Kit employs a two-site sandwich ELISA to quantitate TOMM20 in samples. (abbkine.com)
Rat Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM20 homolog (TOMM20) ELISA Kit has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Rat TOMM20. (abbkine.com)

RNAP will preferentially release its RNA transcript at specific DNA sequences encoded at the end of genes, which are known as terminators. (wikipedia.org)
Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes"-a broad class of genes that encode RNA that is not translated into protein. (wikipedia.org)
The most prominent examples of RNA genes are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), both of which are involved in the process of translation. (wikipedia.org)
The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
Studies of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) have shown that open and closed chromatin structures are dynamically regulated through multiple mechanisms, including histone modifications, histone variant incorporation, and DNA methylation (reviewed in reference 17 ). (asm.org)
Genome-wide studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae , for example, have revealed that promoters of most actively transcribed genes are depleted of nucleosomes and that histone density is inversely proportional to the transcription rate within coding regions, suggesting that nucleosomes are dynamically disassembled and reassembled at each passage of the polymerase ( 16 ). (asm.org)
Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
The sources of genome expansion include group I introns and accessory genes encoding putative homing endonucleases, DNA and RNA polymerases (presumed to be of plasmid origin) and hypothetical proteins. (umd.edu)
Despite the conservation of the core genes, the mitochondrial genomes of Aspergillus and Penicillium species examined here exhibit significant amount of interspecies variation. (umd.edu)
Most of this variation can be attributed to accessory genes and mobile introns, presumably acquired by horizontal gene transfer of mitochondrial plasmids and intron homing. (umd.edu)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are long known to be co-transcribed in polycistrones, yet it remains impossible to study nascent mtDNA transcripts quantitatively in vivo using existing tools. (biorxiv.org)
In the vast majority of eukaryotes, OXPHOS is operated by genes encoded by two genomes - most in the nuclear genome (nDNA) and 37 in the short circular mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). (biorxiv.org)
This bi-genomic division is accompanied by profoundly different transcription regulatory system: whereas nDNA-encoded genes are transcribed individually by RNA polymerase 2 and the general nuclear transcription machinery, mtDNA transcription is long known to be regulated mainly by a dedicated RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and mtDNA-specific transcription factors (TFAM and TFB2) ( Shutt and Shadel 2010 ). (biorxiv.org)
The MYC proto-oncogene serves as a rheostat coupling mitogenic signaling with the activation of genes regulating growth, metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. (oncotarget.com)
Genes encoding proteins involved in cell growth, metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis and mitochondrial function have all be defined as potential MYC targets. (oncotarget.com)
Mitochondrial DNA may also lose genes whose functions are substituted for by unrelated genes encoded in the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes are transcribed by enzymes called RNA polymerases that generate a single-stranded RNA identical in sequence (with the exception of U in place of T) to one of the strands of the double-stranded DNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Eukaryotic genes are transcribed in the nucleus by three different RNA polymerases , each principally responsible for one of the major classes of RNA. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Mitochondria provide cellular energy through its oxidative phosphorylation system, which needs to coordinate the expression of genes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA). (cancer-research-network.com)
In other organisms, this complex promotes transcription of specific genes by increasing the assembly of the RNA Polymerase II pre-initiation complex. (wustl.edu)
These mutations occur in genes that provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNAs. (medlineplus.gov)

These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. (nature.com)
Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. (nature.com)
Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 5 (NS5) Assembles into a Dimer with a Unique Methyltransferase and Polymerase Interface. (utmb.edu)
Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
The RNA recognition motif protein CP33A is a global ligand of chloroplast mRNAs and is essential for plastid biogenesis and plant development. (uni-halle.de)
The RAD52-like protein ODB1 is required for the efficient excision of two mitochondrial introns spliced via first-step hydrolysis. (uni-halle.de)
The proteins, based on similarity to other coronaviruses, include the papain-like proteinase protein (NSP3), 3C-like proteinase (NSP5), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NSP12, RdRp), helicase (NSP13, HEL), endoRNAse (NSP15), 2'-O-Ribose-Methyltransferase (NSP16) and other nonstructural proteins. (micrornaprofile.com)
The encoded protein also functions in mitochondrial DNA replication and repair. (nih.gov)
Link to all annotated objects annotated to mitochondrial protein complex. (planteome.org)
Link to all direct and indirect annotations to mitochondrial protein complex. (planteome.org)
High ROS levels induce lipid oxidation, protein aggregation, mitochondrial hyperfragmentation, DNA damage and programmed cell death (PCD), also called apoptosis. (rowan.edu)
The Kinase Module has also been found to directly enhance mitochondrial fission in model organisms via protein-protein interactions. (wustl.edu)
Overview of Genetics A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
Transfer RNAs help assemble protein building blocks (amino acids) into functioning proteins. (medlineplus.gov)

In bacteria , a single RNA polymerase produces the primary transcript precursors for all three major classes of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). (basicmedicalkey.com)

The latter is found in phages as well as eukaryotic chloroplasts and mitochondria, and is related to modern DNA polymerases. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, we systematically characterized mitochondria during disease progression starting before the onset of muscle damage, noting additional changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and regulators of mitochondrial size. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. (nature.com)
A unique feature of mitochondria is that they possess their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which codes for subunits of the electron transport chain that eventually leads to the synthesis of the ATP molecule. (csic.es)
Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus (nuclear DNA), mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA, called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (medlineplus.gov)
The transfer RNAs associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia are present in mitochondria and help assemble the proteins that carry out the steps of oxidative phosphorylation. (medlineplus.gov)

The ability of human nuclear DNA to cause false positive low-abundance heteroplasmy calls varies across the mitochondrial genome. (utmb.edu)
These data confirm that the mitochondrial genome originated from a eubacterial (specifically α-proteobacterial) ancestor but raise questions about the evolutionary antecedents of the mitochondrial proteome. (biomedcentral.com)
A number of specific and general insights into mitochondrial genome evolution follow from these data. (biomedcentral.com)

Products of RNAP include: Messenger RNA (mRNA)-template for the synthesis of proteins by ribosomes. (wikipedia.org)
RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
Perturbation of mitochondrial function using a number of conventional and novel inhibitors resulted in the decreased expression of MYC mRNA. (oncotarget.com)

Eukaryotes have multiple types of nuclear RNAP, each responsible for synthesis of a distinct subset of RNA: RNA polymerase I synthesizes a pre-rRNA 45S (35S in yeast), which matures and will form the major RNA sections of the ribosome. (wikipedia.org)
Transcription in eukaryotes is carried out by three main RNA polymerases: Pol I, II, and III. (mdpi.com)
Mitochondrial ATP production via the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) is the major energy resource in eukaryotes. (biorxiv.org)

ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that occurs mostly in response to cellular stress and is catalysed by members of the diverse poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) polymerase (PARP/ARTD) family. (cipsm.de)
Virus particles include the RNA genetic material and structural proteins needed for invasion of host cells. (micrornaprofile.com)
Once inside the cell the infecting RNA is used to encode structural proteins that make up virus particles, nonstructural proteins that direct virus assembly, transcription, replication and host control and accessory proteins whose function has not been determined. (micrornaprofile.com)
This study also includes a phylogenetic analysis based on 14 concatenated core mitochondrial proteins. (umd.edu)
The first is that ATP production, coupled to electron transport, and translation of mitochondrial proteins represent the essence of mitochondrial function: these functions are common to all mitochondrial genomes and can be traced unambiguously and directly to an α-proteobacterial ancestor. (biomedcentral.com)

Fig. 1: Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. (nature.com)
Binds to the mitochondrial light strand promoter and functions in mitochondrial transcription regulation (PubMed:29445193). (nih.gov)
We here review recent progress in our understanding of how these basal factors cooperate in the initiation and regulation of mitochondrial transcription. (mpg.de)

Decreasing mitochondrial RNA polymerase activity reverses biased inheritance of hypersuppressive mtDNA. (bvsalud.org)
To this end we used deep sequencing (GRO-seq and PRO-seq) and analyzed nascent mtDNA-encoded RNA transcripts in diverse human cell lines and metazoan organisms. (biorxiv.org)
During mitochondrial fusion and fission, mtDNA is replicated and transmitted to daughter organelles. (csic.es)
The mtDNA transcription initiation complex is formed by mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) binding to one of the two mtDNA transcription promoters, HSP1 or LSP. (csic.es)
Second, the lack of mitochondrial fusion in unstressed cells induces mtDNA instability resulting in respiration deficiency. (rowan.edu)
Specifically, the transcription of mtDNA in circular mammals depends on a single mitochondrial RNA polymerase ( POLRMT ). (cancer-research-network.com)
Particularly, IMT1 causes a dose-dependent decrease in the levels of mitochondrial transcripts and gradual depletion of mtDNA in HeLa cells. (cancer-research-network.com)

Their mitochondrial genomic sequences may hold vital clues into the mechanisms of their evolution, population genetics, and biology, yet only a handful of these genomes have been fully sequenced and annotated. (umd.edu)
Here we report the complete sequence and annotation of the mitochondrial genomes of six Aspergillus and three Penicillium species: A. fumigatus, A. clavatus, A. oryzae, A. flavus, Neosartorya fischeri (A. fischerianus), A. terreus, P. chrysogenum, P. marneffei, and Talaromyces stipitatus (P. stipitatum). (umd.edu)
The accompanying comparative analysis of these and related publicly available mitochondrial genomes reveals wide variation in size (25-36 Kb) among these closely related fungi. (umd.edu)
The study expands the genomic resources available to fungal biologists by providing mitochondrial genomes with consistent annotations for future genetic, evolutionary and population studies. (umd.edu)
Complete sequences of numerous mitochondrial, many prokaryotic, and several nuclear genomes are now available. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequencing has also shown that mitochondrial genomes have, to variable extents, undergone a streamlining process ("reductive evolution" [ 20 ]), leading to a marked loss of coding capacity compared to that of their closest eubacterial relatives. (biomedcentral.com)

Specific sequences on DNA, called promoters , determine where the RNA polymerase binds and how frequently it initiates transcription. (basicmedicalkey.com)

87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
Required for accurate and efficient promoter recognition by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. (nih.gov)
Bends the mitochondrial light strand promoter DNA into a U-turn shape via its HMG boxes. (nih.gov)

We report a clinically heterogeneous, multigenerational pedigree with the syndrome of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) associated with a mutation at nucleotide 3243 in the mitochondrial DNA tRNA(Leu)(UUR) gene. (nih.gov)

a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
The decision to undergo programmed cell death (PCD) is controlled by a complex interaction between nuclear and mitochondrial signals. (bepress.com)

Presumably, favipiravir is inserted into the newly synthesized SARS-CoV-2 RNA chain, which caused a detrimental effect on the viral replication. (springer.com)
In vitro studies have shown that POLRMT plays an important role in mitochondrial DNA replication. (cancer-research-network.com)

Using the enzyme helicase, RNAP locally opens the double-stranded DNA so that one strand of the exposed nucleotides can be used as a template for the synthesis of RNA, a process called transcription. (wikipedia.org)
After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
The RNA-primed synthesis of DNA demonstrating the template function of the complementary strand parental DNA . (online-sciences.com)
RNA polymerases differ from DNA polymerases in that they can initiate the synthesis of new strands in the absence of a primer. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The transcribed region of a gene contains the template for synthesis of an RNA, which begins at the start point. (basicmedicalkey.com)

RNA polymerase III synthesizes tRNAs, rRNA 5S and other small RNAs found in the nucleus and cytosol. (wikipedia.org)

This gene encodes a key mitochondrial transcription factor containing two high mobility group motifs. (nih.gov)
Initiation of transcription at mitochondrial promoters in mammalian cells requires the simultaneous presence of a monomeric mitochondrial RNA polymerase, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and either transcription factor B1 or B2. (mpg.de)

We first used gene deletion of key DRPs to study their role in mitochondrial morphology and perform an in-depth study of the pathogenesis of these deletion strains. (wustl.edu)

Required for maintenance of normal levels of mitochondrial DNA. (nih.gov)

At these promoters, TFAM recruits the RNA polymerase (mtRNAP). (csic.es)

Allosteric inhibitors of Coxsackie virus A24 RNA polymerase. (utmb.edu)
The invention provides novel coumarin derivatives as specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. (justia.com)
The invention provides novel 4-phenyl-coumarin derivatives, processes for their preparation and uses thereof as specific mitochondrial RNA polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. (justia.com)

R hricht H, Przybyla-Toscano J, Forner J, Boussardon C, Keech O, Rouhier N, Meyer EH (2023) Mitochondrial ferredoxin-like is essential for forming complex I-containing supercomplexes in Arabidopsis. (uni-halle.de)

and, RNA silencing Catalytic RNA (ribozyme) Functions as an enzymatically active RNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)

In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template. (wikipedia.org)
RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
RNA can be amplified by combining the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme with traditional PCR. (msdmanuals.com)

In this study, we detected aberrant mitochondrial morphology, reduced cristae number, and large mitochondrial vacuoles from both male and female mdx mice prior to the onset of muscle damage. (frontiersin.org)
However, a dramatic shift in mitochondrial morphology toward fission occurs early in the PCD process. (bepress.com)
Mitochondrial morphology has been implicated in virulence in multiple fungi, as with the association between virulence and increased mitochondrial fusion in Cryptococcus gattii. (wustl.edu)
We discovered that it does not directly regulate mitochondrial morphology in C. neoformans. (wustl.edu)

A small amount of DNA can be amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process, which can produce millions of copies of a gene or gene segments. (msdmanuals.com)

In response to stress, the yeast 1 and mammalian 2 cyclin C translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it associates with the GTPase Drp1/Dnm1 to drive mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. (bepress.com)

After cellular uptake, it is phosphoribosylated and recognized as a substrate for the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and can cause chain termination or lethal mutagenesis [ 1 , 4 ]. (springer.com)

Eukaryotic and archaeal RNA polymerases have a similar core structure and work in a similar manner, although they have many extra subunits. (wikipedia.org)
Cheng A, Wan D, Ghatak A, Wang C , Feng D, Fondell JD, Ebright RH , Fan H. Identification and Structural Modeling of the RNA Polymerase Omega Subunits in Chlamydiae and Other Obligate Intracellular Bacteria. (academictree.org)

Hassan HM, Degen D , Jang KH, Ebright RH , Fenical W. Correction to: Salinamide F, new depsipeptide antibiotic and inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. (academictree.org)

The primary transcripts are modified and trimmed to produce the mature RNAs. (basicmedicalkey.com)

The DNA strand that directs the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA by complementary base pairing is the template strand. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
and interaction of RMRP and hTERT leads to an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity leading to siRNA altering gene expression. (medscape.com)
Plant Ribonuclease J: An Essential Player in Maintaining Chloroplast RNA Quality Control for Gene Expression. (btiscience.org)

RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)

As a secondary complication to mitochondrial dysfunction, we also hypothesized metabolic abnormalities prior to the onset of muscle damage. (frontiersin.org)
These results are in line with previous data and suggest that before the onset of myofiber necrosis, mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities are present within the mdx mouse. (frontiersin.org)
Our findings suggest that the mutation at nucleotide 3243 is not always associated with the classic MELAS phenotype and that other symptoms (notably cardiac and gastrointestinal abnormalities) should raise the suspicion of a mitochondrial disorder. (nih.gov)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known pathological feature of DMD. (frontiersin.org)
However, whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs before muscle fiber damage in DMD pathology is not well known. (frontiersin.org)
We hypothesized that dystrophin deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, and that this may occur before myofiber necrosis. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer. (nature.com)
One of the underlying mechanisms of long COVID may be mitochondrial dysfunction. (mdpi.com)

Description: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (micrornaprofile.com)
DNA polymerases require the presence of a primer (i.e. oligonucleotide of RNA with free 3´ hydroxyl group), a template (i.e single-stranded DNA), and deoxyribonucleotides (d ATP , d CTP, d GTP, and d TTP) in order to function. (online-sciences.com)

RNA polymerase II synthesizes precursors of mRNAs and most sRNA and microRNAs. (wikipedia.org)

These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC1α. (nature.com)

Considering its broad-spectrum anti-RNA viral activity and low cytotoxicity, it is a promising agent against the newly emerged positive-sense RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2. (springer.com)

DNA polymerase γ synthesizes mitochondrial DNA . (online-sciences.com)

In transcription antitermination by Qλ, NusA induces refolding of Qλ to form a nozzle that extends the RNA polymerase RNA-exit channel. (academictree.org)
Complete mitochondrial complex I deficiency induces an upregulation of respiratory fluxes that is abolished by traces of functional complex I. Plant Physiol 168, 1537-1549. (uni-halle.de)
Induces the transcription of long intergenic non-coding RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21) and lincRNA-Mkln1. (cubebiosystems.com)

In most prokaryotes, a single RNA polymerase species transcribes all types of RNA. (wikipedia.org)

It then produces an RNA chain, which is complementary to the template DNA strand. (wikipedia.org)
aRNA is RNA that is transcribed from the coding, rather than the template, strand of DNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
DNA polymerases utilize one deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate as a source of the deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate for the growing DNA strand by the removal of pyrophosphate. (online-sciences.com)
DNA polymerase ε removes the primers of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. (online-sciences.com)

R hricht H, Schwartzmann J, Meyer EH (2021) Complexome profiling reveals novel insights into the composition and assembly of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana. (uni-halle.de)

The core RNA polymerase complex forms a "crab claw" or "clamp-jaw" structure with an internal channel running along the full length. (wikipedia.org)
[ 16 ] The 3' end of RMRP is essential for RNA dependent RNA polymerase acitivity of the RMRP-hTERT complex. (medscape.com)
This module associates with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme complex and mediates gene repression. (rowan.edu)
Both are members of the Cdk8 kinase module that, along with Med12 and Med13, associate with the core mediator complex of RNA polymerase II. (bepress.com)

RNAP not only initiates RNA transcription, it also guides the nucleotides into position, facilitates attachment and elongation, has intrinsic proofreading and replacement capabilities, and termination recognition capability. (wikipedia.org)

A gene is a segment of DNA that functions as a unit to generate an RNA product or, through the processes of transcription and translation, a polypeptide chain. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Small Regulatory RNAs of Rickettsia conorii. (utmb.edu)

In response to stress, cyclin C translocates to the cytoplasm where it facilitates mitochondrial hyperfragmentation and PCD. (rowan.edu)

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a target of antiviral therapies. (micrornaprofile.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms15

Chemicals and Drugs137

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes77

Information Science4

Health Care2

Subunit8

Genes21

Protein14

Ribosomal1

Mitochondria6

Genome3

MRNA5

Eukaryotes3

Proteins5

Regulation3

MtDNA7

Genomes6

Binds1

Promoter3

TRNA1

Nuclear2

Replication2

Synthesis5

Cytosol1

Transcription factor2

Role in mitochondrial1

Levels of mitochondrial1

TFAM1

Inhibitors3

20231

Molecule1

Enzyme3

Morphology4

Chain Reaction1

Nucleus1

RdRp1

Subunits2

Bacterial1

Transcripts1

Sequence1

Gene expression3

Sequences1

Abnormalities3

Dysfunction5

Single-stranded2

Precursors1

Biogenesis2

Activity1

Synthesizes1

Induces3

Transcribes1

Strand4

Synthase1

Complex4

Nucleotides1

Polypeptide1

Regulatory1

Cytoplasm1

Dependent1