• Evolution of mitochondrial and ribosomal gene sequences in Anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae): implications for phylogeny reconstruction. (springer.com)
  • We also suggest the measures needed to revolve the status of species with reported cosmopolitan distributions and stress the value of museum collections and vouchers to be associated with DNA sequences in resolving species distributions. (bioone.org)
  • On the other hand, they differ in body size, mouthparts shape, sculpturing of carapace, morphology of the copulatory organs, karyotype and DNA sequences. (bioone.org)
  • Because of the unusually tight linkage between silk gene DNA sequences and functional ecology, these studies have easily understood connections to ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary questions. (ucr.edu)
  • However, while a variety of assays have been developed, these assays have all utilized suboptimal DNA targets, typically exploiting ribosomal and/or mitochondrial sequences for parasite detection. (umass.edu)
  • The phylogenetic position of Malmidea , a new genus for the Lecidea piperis - and Lecanora granifera -groups (Lecanorales, Malmideaceae), inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences, with special reference to Thai species. (wikimedia.org)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences confirms the existing morphological relationships of several Steinernema species. (flvc.org)
  • The assay was a viable alternative approach of qPCR for detecting, quantifying and counting copy number of shorter size DNA sequences to address a wide ranging biological problem in food industry, diagnostic laboratories and forensic medicine. (hindawi.com)
  • The mitochondrial sequences are highly informative phylogenetic markers, but have been mostly neglected due to technical difficulties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They determined the DNA sequences of the genes that coded for the mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA, and compared them with the aid of a computer. (newscientist.com)
  • To check their results, the researchers obtained from a database the DNA sequences of the myoglobin of 10 whales and dolphins. (newscientist.com)
  • Methodology/Principal Findings A total of the 64 complete mitochondrial genome sequences representing all metazoan classes available in GenBank were downloaded using the NCBI Taxonomy Browser. (lookformedical.com)
  • Alignment of sequences was performed for the excised mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequences, and conserved regions were identified for all 64 mitochondrial genomes. (lookformedical.com)
  • The nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from 44 Indian Polygonum taxa were examined to investigate relationships among various sections proposed by earlier researchers. (geneticsmr.com)
  • A database of standardized DNA sequences will empower researchers and land managers to predict and prevent the arrival of new species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2003. Molecular phylogeny of the stingless bees (Apidae, Apinae, Meliponini) inferred from mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. (ugm.ac.id)
  • The potential use of mitochondrial ribosomal genes (12S and 16S) in DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of trematodes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • BackgroundGenetic markers like the nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, internal transcribed spacer regions, mitochondrial protein-coding genes, and genomes have been utilized for molecular identification of parasitic trematodes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This study presented novel and broadly applicable primers using the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes for Digenea and aimed to show their suitability as alternative genetic markers for molecular identification of orders Plagiorchiida, Echinostomida, and Strigeida.ResultsOur results revealed that the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes are suitable for trematode molecular identification, with sufficient resolution to discriminate closely related species and achieve accurate species identification through phylogenetic placements. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The convenience and applicability of the newly designed primers and adequate genetic variation of the mitochondrial rRNA genes can be useful as complementary markers for trematode molecular-based studies.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the mitochondrial rRNA genes could be alternative genetic markers robust for trematode molecular identification and potentially helpful for DNA barcoding where our primers can be widely applied across the major Digenea orders. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, the potential of the mitochondrial rRNA genes for molecular systematics can be explored, enhancing their appeal for trematode molecular-based studies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The novelty of utilizing the mitochondrial rRNA genes and the designed primers in this study can potentially open avenues for species identification, discovery, and systematics in the future. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes, all of which are essential for normal mitochondrial function. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The remaining genes provide instructions for making molecules called transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which are chemical cousins of DNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in at least three mitochondrial genes can cause cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, which is a condition that can affect several parts of the body, including the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), the heart, the brain, or the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The mitochondrial genes associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency provide instructions for making proteins that are part of a large enzyme group (complex) called cytochrome c oxidase (also known as complex IV). (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes necessary for the intramitochondrial synthesis of these 13 polypeptides. (medscape.com)
  • Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. (nih.gov)
  • The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. (nih.gov)
  • DNA sequence analysis was used to characterize the nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS1 region and a portion of the COII and 16S rDNA genes of the mitochondrial genome from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes. (flvc.org)
  • Mitochondrial genes are also protected against degradation by the protective shape and size of mitochondrion. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondria-related genes are regions on DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which encode proteins that are important for mitochondrial structure and function. (fda.gov)
  • Downregulation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells correlates with rDNA promoter hypermethylation. (wroc.pl)
  • A deletion anywhere in the mitochondrial genome may affect transcription or translation of genes that were not affected by the deletion. (medscape.com)
  • This study aimed to determine the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of W. compar and reconstruct its phylogenetic relationship with other nematodes. (nature.com)
  • The mitochondrial genome is a 16569 base-pair closed circular loop of double-stranded DNA found in multiple copies within the mitochondrial matrix. (medscape.com)
  • The mitochondrial genome encodes the genetic information for the 13 polypeptide subunits essential for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 13 ] The mitochondrial genome is remarkably concise, containing little noncoding capacity and no introns. (medscape.com)
  • Variations in ribosomal DNA copy numbers in a genome of Trichophyton interdigitale. (wroc.pl)
  • Vol 63: Ribosomal DNA Sequence Heterogeneity Reflects Intraspecies Phylogenies and Predicts Genome Structure in Two Contrasting. (lookformedical.com)
  • [ 5 ] The deletions vary in size and location on the mitochondrial genome in different individuals, although a common deletion of 4.9kB is present in at least a third of patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • We analyzed the geographic distribution of Tubifex tubifex from various river drainages in central Colorado by genetic screening with specific mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA (mt 16S rDNA) markers. (usgs.gov)
  • More recently DNA sequence analysis of conserved regions of Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) or mitochondrial markers (e.g. cytochrome oxidase subunit I or cytochrome b oxidase) have been used. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Four genetic markers, i.e., 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, ITS-1 region (ITS-1), and the mitochondrial COX1 gene (COX1), of the two parasites were sequenced and analyzed, and the 28S rDNA and ITS-1 of S. suihominis obtained from pigs constituted the first records of these markers in GenBank. (bvsalud.org)
  • Therefore, the two species could be better discriminated with ITS-1 and mitochondrial COX1 compared with 18S rDNA or 28S rDNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, 22 tRNA and 2 rRNA are also encoded by mitochondrial DNA. (fda.gov)
  • Meanwhile, for the morphospecies T. biroi , the closest hit is on T. pagdeni 16S rRNA DNA because the T. biroi 16S rRNA DNA data is not available on the database. (ugm.ac.id)
  • 2014. Molecular phylogeny of Malaysian stingless bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) revealed using partial 16s rRNA mitochondrial gene. (ugm.ac.id)
  • This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Alternatively, diagnosis may be established by muscle biopsy with histochemistry and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis for major rearrangements. (medscape.com)
  • Located within the mitochondrial matrix, and lacking the efficient repair mechanisms available to nuclear DNA, mtDNA has a relatively high rate of mutation. (medscape.com)
  • The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules of Homo and of the common chimpanzee were sequenced. (nih.gov)
  • Kearns Sayre Syndrome (OMIM #530000) occurs as a result of large-scale single deletions (or rearrangements) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which are usually not inherited but occur spontaneously, probably at the germ-cell level or very early in embryonic development. (medscape.com)
  • Damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) initiates and spreads Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology, potentially opening new avenues for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and drug development. (medscape.com)
  • They also identified mtDNA deletions in a "hotspot" in complex I respiratory chain subunits that were associated with dysregulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage response pathways in cohorts with sporadic PD and PDD. (medscape.com)
  • Our proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles containing damaged mtDNA identified the TLR4 activator, ribosomal protein S3, as a key protein involved in recognizing and extruding damaged mtDNA," the investigators write. (medscape.com)
  • Looking ahead, they plan to investigate how mtDNA damage can serve as a predictive marker for different disease stages and progression and to explore potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring normal mitochondrial function to rectify the mitochondrial dysfunctions implicated in PD. (medscape.com)
  • The phylogeny created from mitochondrial CO I and cytochrome b data and from the nuclear ITS2 region supports the existence of only two groups of flies (termed A and B) from Phlebotomus ( Euphlebotomus ) argentipes complex instead of the previously proposed three. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative analysis of the mitogenomes in the FOSC revealed ongoing mitochondrial recombination within, but not between phylogenetic species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phylogenetic analyses were conducted on partitioned datasets of loci from ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. (qld.gov.au)
  • Using an understudied taxon (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) found on a tropical island (Mauritius) where native flora and fauna have been threatened by 400 years of habitat modification and introduced species, we tested whether estimated incidences of diversity and complementarity were similar when measured by standard morphological alpha-taxonomy or phylogenetic diversity (PD) based on a standardized mitochondrial barcode and corroborating nuclear marker. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Construction and validation of customized genomes for human and mouse ribosomal DNA mapping. (wroc.pl)
  • In this study we designed a set of PCR primers for the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal DNA sequence based on 64 complete mitochondrial genomes and then tested their efficacy. (lookformedical.com)
  • 3% difference in the ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) and 8.6% variation in the more rapidly evolving mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • As a result, reactive oxygen species easily damage mitochondrial DNA, causing cells to malfunction and ultimately to die. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Software, such as RepeatExplorer can be utilized to identify high copy-number, species-specific, repetitive DNA elements within a pathogen. (umass.edu)
  • On this page you will find links to comprehensive gene information for five species and a listing of NCTR publications on understanding the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity and development of biomarkers to predict toxicity. (fda.gov)
  • Vectorial capacity of the sibling species was checked by detecting human and Leishmania DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Leishmania mini-circle kinetoplastid, heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and internal transcribed spacer I DNA along with human blood were detected from sibling species A only, which has not previously been considered to be a vector. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nuclear ribosomal repeats for the 18S, 5.8S, and 26S RNAs of two closely related Picea (spruce) species were characterized by restriction mapping and Southern blot hybridization. (lookformedical.com)
  • Real-time PCR quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: does the use of nuclear or mitochondrial markers make a difference? (cas.cz)
  • Many are now looking to use standardized DNA markers as DNA barcodes to address this problem [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Existence of genetic lineages within Asian genotype of T.solium- Genetic characterization based on mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA markers. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the unique features of mitochondria is that they contain their own small, circular DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and independent machinery of ribosomal and transfer RNAs (ribonucleic acid) and ribosomes for synthesis of 13 proteins encoded by the mitochondrial DNA essential for oxidative phosphorylation. (fda.gov)
  • Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. (nih.gov)
  • The rest of approximately 1,900 proteins (in humans) required for the performance of various mitochondrial functions are encoded by the nuclear DNA. (fda.gov)
  • He noted that the authors identified several proteins as facilitating the neurodegeneration that is wrought by damaged mitochondrial DNA. (medscape.com)
  • As people age, mitochondrial DNA accumulates damaging mutations, including deletions and other changes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • How can a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial deletions lead to a similar phenotype? (medscape.com)
  • In humans, mitochondrial DNA spans about 16,500 DNA building blocks (base pairs), representing a small fraction of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Using external morphology of adults and tadpoles, osteology from high-resolution microcomputed tomography, vocalization analysis, and DNA sequence data, the identity of a reproducing Belgian population of invasive Xenopus at the current northernmost edge of the distribution of the genus in Europe was assessed. (researchgate.net)
  • Impairment in mitochondrial function, therefore, can be injurious to these organs. (fda.gov)
  • However, all of these methods involve PCR amplification of target DNA that is typically more than hundred base-pair long [ 25 - 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • place determination of stingless bees sampling, sampling, and molecular identification (DNA extraction, DNA amplification, and sequencing), followed by the data analysis using NCBI database and MEGA X software. (ugm.ac.id)
  • In mice PD models that were deficient in IFNβ signaling, the investigators showed that neuronal IFNβ is required to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The following chromosomal conditions are associated with changes in the structure or number of copies of mitochondrial dna. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Subsequent DNA analysis suggests that New Zealand bat flies represent a distinct and ancient lineage in the superfamily Oestroidea, which includes flesh flies and blow flies. (wikipedia.org)
  • By coupling next-generation sequencing with bioinformatics-based approaches to the analysis of raw sequencing read data, the selection of optimal DNA-based molecular targets becomes possible. (umass.edu)
  • Moreover, the recent report on frequent artifacts on real-time PCR results [ 33 ] has raised the questions of validity of the existing DNA-based methods in the analysis of highly processed meat products. (hindawi.com)
  • An alternative to DO or to excluding ambiguous regions is the separate analysis of indels and encoding them as non-DNA characters [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Now Michel Milinkovitch of the Free University of Brussels and his colleagues at the State University of New York have found that this classificaton is not compatible with their DNA analysis of several whales and dolphins. (newscientist.com)
  • Unlike microbial studies, where analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence is standard, the best gene for metazoan metagenetics is less clear. (lookformedical.com)
  • Fast, Scalable, and Practical: An Alkaline DNA Extraction Pipeline for Emergency Microbiomics Biosurveillance. (cdc.gov)
  • INAASE), with the advantage of a practically unlimited alignment size and increased analytical speed and the possibility of PICS-Ord scores to be analyzed together with DNA data in a partitioned maximum likelihood model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tests were conducted for gender-specific mitochondrial lineages, which occur in some other bivalves. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Because there are FDA-regulated drugs (e.g., anti-HIV drugs, anti-cancer drugs) that cause mitochondrial injury, it is important to understand the mechanism of mitochondrial injury and to develop measures for prevention of mitochondrial damage. (fda.gov)
  • NCTR has published several papers illustrating the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity in response to different drugs in the mouse and rat. (fda.gov)
  • While mitochondrial energy is vital for the survival of cells, these organelles also play an important role in the execution of apoptosis (programmed cell death), a process that serves as a major defense mechanism to remove unwanted and potentially dangerous cells. (fda.gov)
  • Several studies implicated that longer DNA targets are broken down to small fragments during extensive food processing causing failure of PCR-based identification methods [ 23 , 26 , 28 , 31 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This study goes beyond a mere demonstration of the rapid gains possible for diversity assessment using a standardized DNA barcode. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in the early anaphase release of Cdc14 can traverse anaphase I without ribosomal DNA disjunction and successfully complete meiosis. (wroc.pl)
  • MitoChip is a tool to evaluate the change in mitochondrial gene expression in response to various agents including drugs. (fda.gov)
  • The classification of whales and dolphins (order Cetacea) should be completely revised, say researchers from the US and Belgium who have analysed the DNA of these animals. (newscientist.com)