• We propose that this variation in control coefficient according to the tissue origin of the mitochondria can explain part of the tissue specificity observed in mitochondrial cytopathies. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) the function and dynamics of mitochondria isolated from hearts exposed to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) (ii) the effects of melatonin, a powerful cardioprotectant, on mitochondrial dynamics in I/R. (melatoninfacts.org)
  • Cellular respiration (oxidative phosphorylation) occurs in the mitochondria, where a series of enzymes catalyze the transfer of electrons to molecular oxygen and the generation of energy-storing adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mitochondria have their own DNA (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]), which is maternally derived. (msdmanuals.com)
  • B. Kadenbach, R. Ramzan, L. Wen, and S. Vogt: New extension of the Mitchell Theory for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria of living organisms, Biochim. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. (nature.com)
  • Gilkerson, R. W., Selker, J. M. L. & Capaldi, R. A. The cristal membrane of mitochondria is the principal site of oxidative phosphorylation. (nature.com)
  • The module will provide detailed information on aspects of basic mitochondrial biology including the origins and essential functions of mitochondria, the maintenance and expression of the mitochondrial genome, and the metabolic processes in which mitochondria play a role. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Mitochondria are the powerhouses that generate energy by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to support cellular activities. (upstate.edu)
  • [5] The eukaryote Monocercomonoides is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, [6] and the multicellular organism Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • We show that mutant mitochondria display defective fatty acid-driven oxidative phosphorylation due to reduced levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferases. (bvsalud.org)
  • A examination was conducted of the effects of allylamine (107119) and acrolein (107028) on electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from hearts of male Sprague- Dawley-rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Metabolic control analysis has often been used for quantitative studies of the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylations (OXPHOS). (nih.gov)
  • Mitochondrial function or the ability to generate energy through OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) is vital for cell homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of nearly all chronic diseases ( Pieczenik and Neustadt, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Besides OXPHOS, mitochondrial dysfunction is also present in the examination of mitochondrial morphology, the balance of mitochondrial network formation, and fission and fusion. (frontiersin.org)
  • Her research on T-cell receptor signaling, as well as the inhibition of mitochondrial OXPHOS and Th17 pathogenicity, will truly make a difference for many patients. (uab.edu)
  • Six genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) decreased. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Combined, these results suggest a mechanism whereby HFD downregulates genes necessary for OXPHOS and mitochondrial biogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Two recent microarray studies have shown that genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibit reduced expression levels in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects and prediabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In addition to the cellular energy sensor AMP kinase, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor cofactors PGC1α ( 5 , 6 , 7 ) and possibly PGC1β ( 8 ) activate mitochondrial biogenesis and increase OXPHOS gene expression by increasing the transcription, translation, and activation of the transcription factors necessary for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We investigated the effect of mtDNA haplogroups on the assembly of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes in transmitochondrial hybrids (cybrids) harboring the three common LHON mutations. (nih.gov)
  • Altered cardiolipin remodeling affects mitochondrial inner membrane organization and function of membrane proteins such as transporters and the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. (bvsalud.org)
  • Relevant to the studies presented in this manuscript, mitochondrial dysfunction is a key contributor to the perpetuation of metabolic inflammation caused by nutrient excess. (frontiersin.org)
  • These changes mimic those observed in diabetes and insulin resistance and, if sustained, may result in mitochondrial dysfunction in the prediabetic/insulin-resistant state. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) are additional biomarkers that may suggest mitochondrial dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additionally, there are a number of conditions in which a genetic defect causes secondary mitochondrial dysfunction. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Given that young adults born premature also demonstrate skeletal muscle dysfunction, future studies are merited to determine whether this dysfunction as well as reduced aerobic capacity is due to reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and metabolic dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)
  • Decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in the human heart with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. (illumina.com)
  • Whether these changes are connected with mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. (illumina.com)
  • Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer. (nature.com)
  • Importantly, it has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction might precede the metabolic change. (intechopen.com)
  • The module will also provide information on disease that results from mitochondrial dysfunction. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The detailed morphological and biochemical workup of murine hearts indicated that the myocardial damage was due to complex I deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, with the aim to summarize the current knowledge on the initiation of the atherosclerotic process, in this paper, we review the early markers of atherosclerosis and we address the main therapeutic targets for preventing atheroma formation at its very initial stages focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between platelets and endothelium. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many aging-related neuromuscular degenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. (upstate.edu)
  • Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a severe disorder, due to dysfunction of the mitochondrial cardiolipin acyl transferase tafazzin. (bvsalud.org)
  • TAZG197V mice recapitulate disease-specific pathology including cardiac dysfunction and reduced oxidative phosphorylation. (bvsalud.org)
  • In recent years, mitochondrial dysfunction has received large attention as a putative candidate underlying IMTG accumulation and thereby the development of IR. (medscape.com)
  • A Syntenic Cross Species Aneuploidy Genetic Screen Links RCAN1 Expression to β-Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. (lu.se)
  • We show that MKP-1-deficient mice/ macrophages exhibit, at baseline, higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation, TFAM, PGC-1a, and NRF-1 associated with increased respiration and production of reactive oxygen species as compared with wild-type mice. (cmich.edu)
  • We never would have predicted that result given the dogma in the literature states Th17 cells require glycolysis and Treg utilize oxidative phosphorylation to function. (uab.edu)
  • Recent reports suggest that in response to sepsis, metabolism of macrophages switches from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. (cmich.edu)
  • despite enhanced glycolysis, a preserved mitochondrial function and biogenesis are exhibited. (cmich.edu)
  • These findings support the conclusion that MKP-1 plays an important role in regulating proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and modulates expression of mitochondrial transcription factors. (cmich.edu)
  • Electron tranport/oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis are the the other two stages. (brighthub.com)
  • Key role in aerobic respiration, in which mitochondrial enzymes accept electrons from electron carriers reduced in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (yeastgenome.org)
  • As development progresses, nephron progenitors switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration for energy-mediated by an unknown mechanism-and undergo differentiation. (lww.com)
  • A switch from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration drives these cells toward differentiation, but the mechanisms that control this switch are poorly defined. (lww.com)
  • VHL knockout nephron progenitors also exhibit persistent Six2 and Wt1 expression, as well as decreased mitochondrial respiration and prolonged reliance on glycolysis. (lww.com)
  • However, mtDNA shares responsibility with nuclear DNA for mitochondrial function. (msdmanuals.com)
  • LHON pedigrees usually show a pattern of maternal inheritance typical of mitochondrial disorders that involve mutations of mtDNA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), the most frequent mitochondrial disorder, is mostly due to three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in respiratory chain complex I subunit genes: 3460/ND1, 11778/ND4 and 14484/ND6. (nih.gov)
  • 3)We investigate the mechanism of mitochondrial DNA recombination, replication and repair in healthy cells and mtDNA instability in human diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • Variants within the high copy number mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) can disrupt organelle function and lead to severe multisystem disease. (jci.org)
  • The wide range of manifestations observed in patients with mitochondrial disease results from varying fractions of abnormal mtDNA molecules in different cells and tissues, a phenomenon termed heteroplasmy. (jci.org)
  • Here, we identify nonrandom distribution of a pathogenic mtDNA variant across a complex tissue using single-cell RNA-Seq, mitochondrial single-cell ATAC sequencing, and multimodal single-cell sequencing. (jci.org)
  • Alternatively, diagnosis may be established by muscle biopsy with histochemistry and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis for major rearrangements. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes necessary for the intramitochondrial synthesis of these 13 polypeptides. (medscape.com)
  • Located within the mitochondrial matrix, and lacking the efficient repair mechanisms available to nuclear DNA, mtDNA has a relatively high rate of mutation. (medscape.com)
  • Kearns Sayre Syndrome (OMIM #530000) occurs as a result of large-scale single deletions (or rearrangements) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which are usually not inherited but occur spontaneously, probably at the germ-cell level or very early in embryonic development. (medscape.com)
  • Molecular epidemiology of childhood mitochondrial encephalomyopathies in a Finnish population: sequence analysis of entire mtDNA of 17 children reveals heteroplasmic mutations in tRNAArg, tRNAGlu, and tRNALeu(UUR) genes. (cdc.gov)
  • We hypothesized a HFD may affect expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • At the molecular and structural level, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function are altered in diabetes, as well as in insulin-resistant relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Because metabolic reprogramming modulates immune responses to TLR-4 activation, we investigated the effect of MKP-1 deficiency on mitochondrial electron transport chains involved in oxidative phosphorylation and transcription factors regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. (cmich.edu)
  • Mitochondrial biogenesis is regulated by three nuclear-encoded proteins, including transcription factor A (TFAM), nuclear respiratory factors (NRF-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator-1-a (PGC-1a). (cmich.edu)
  • These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC1α. (nature.com)
  • Mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis is therefore critical for oxidative phosphorylation capacity and disturbances are known to cause human disease. (rcsb.org)
  • We recently showed that a member of the mitochondrial transcription termination factor (MTERF) family of proteins, MTERF4, recruits NSUN4, a 5-methylcytosine RNA methyltransferase, to the large ribosomal subunit in a process crucial for mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis. (rcsb.org)
  • [10] Mitochondrial biogenesis is in turn temporally coordinated with these cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium/The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium, which aggregated whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumor types, we performed a multidimensional, integrated characterization of mitochondrial genomes and related RNA sequencing data. (lu.se)
  • The mitochondrial genome is a 16569 base-pair closed circular loop of double-stranded DNA found in multiple copies within the mitochondrial matrix. (medscape.com)
  • The mitochondrial genome encodes the genetic information for the 13 polypeptide subunits essential for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. (medscape.com)
  • [ 13 ] The mitochondrial genome is remarkably concise, containing little noncoding capacity and no introns. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] The deletions vary in size and location on the mitochondrial genome in different individuals, although a common deletion of 4.9kB is present in at least a third of patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • A deletion anywhere in the mitochondrial genome may affect transcription or translation of genes that were not affected by the deletion. (medscape.com)
  • Mitochondrial metabolism is regulated oppositely in Alzheimer's disease and lung cancer, indicating that it may be involved in the inverse co-morbidity between these diseases. (nature.com)
  • The term congenital lactic acidosis (CLA) refers to a group of inborn errors of mitochondrial metabolism variably characterised by progressive neuromuscular deterioration and accumulation of lactate and hydrogen ions in blood, urine and/or cerebrospinal fluid, frequently resulting in early death. (bmj.com)
  • Hyperlactataemia is the defining biochemical abnormality in children with CLA and, in the absence of hypoxia, should be considered a surrogate marker for underlying failure of mitochondrial energy metabolism. (bmj.com)
  • Pathways of pyruvate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. (bmj.com)
  • However, the role of C1QBP in metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells have not yet been explored. (medsci.org)
  • Mitochondrial mutations and variants have also been implicated in a number of diseases of aging (eg, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, diabetes, deafness, cancer). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Defective cytochrome c oxidase activity was found in mitochondrial diseases and in human muscle cells with increasing age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondrial diseases are a group of metabolic disorders. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mitochondrial biology, stress signaling and aging-related degenerative diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • We investigate how mitochondrial function deteriorates during aging and how mitochondrial damage induces cellular degeneration and neuromuscular degenerative diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • 2)mPOS and neuromuscular diseases - Mitochondrial abnormalities and cytosolic protein misfolding are probably the two most important hallmarks of aging and aging-associated degenerative diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. (nih.gov)
  • Analyzing 5′-upstream non-protein-encoding regions of the human mitochondrial function-associated genes, we speculate that mitochondrial functions could be recovered or improved at a transcriptional level. (intechopen.com)
  • Finally, we suggested that C1QBP is correlated with genes encoding ribosome RPL-related proteins and mitochondrial MRPL-related proteins in HCC patients. (jcancer.org)
  • Accordingly, we identified a significant number of genes that were deregulated in opposite directions in AD and LC, inverse expression that was associated to the proteasome, protein folding and mitochondrial processes. (nature.com)
  • We find frequent somatic nuclear transfers of mitochondrial DNA, some of which disrupt therapeutic target genes. (lu.se)
  • Co-expression analysis highlights the function of mitochondrial genes in oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair and the cell cycle, and shows their connections with clinically actionable genes. (lu.se)
  • The main contribution of this work has been to show that the control of mitochondrial metabolic fluxes can be shared among several steps of the oxidative phosphorylation process, and that this distribution can vary according to the steady state and the tissue. (nih.gov)
  • Collectively, our data indicate that MSC therapy rescues impaired mitochondrial morphology, enhances host metabolic capacity, and induces widespread host gene shifting. (frontiersin.org)
  • MTT analysis, PI/Annexin V staining, transwell and metabolic flux assays were performed to examine the effects of C1QBP on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and oxidative phosphorylation of HCC cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Via interaction network mapping, significant proteins could be annotated to specific pathways of mitochondrial function (oxidative phosphorylation and TCA cycle), metabolic pathways, AD pathway and synaptic functions (long term potentiation). (aau.dk)
  • Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (4). (nih.gov)
  • 1)Mitochondrial Precursor Over-accumulation Stress (mPOS) - We discovered that mitochondrial protein import is readily saturable within the cell and that the cytosol has a limited capacity in degrading unimported proteins. (upstate.edu)
  • Various mitochondrial stressors, with or without directly targeting the core protein import machinery, can cause the over-accumulation of unimported proteins in the cytosol. (upstate.edu)
  • Proteins crucial for the respiratory chain are translated by the mitochondrial ribosome. (rcsb.org)
  • Thus, both mitochondrial and nuclear mutations can cause mitochondrial disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Many mitochondrial DNA mutations have been defined, but 3 common ones account for 90% of cases. (msdmanuals.com)
  • B. Kadenbach and J. Müller-Höcker: Mutations of mitochondrial DNA and human death, Naturwissenschaften 77, 221-225 (1990). (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, mutations in the mitochondrial translation optimization factor 1 gene (MTO1) were identified as causative in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis and respiratory chain defect. (uni-koeln.de)
  • Point mutations of muscle mitochondrial DNA from patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. (cdc.gov)
  • Diabetes mellitus with mitochondrial gene mutations in Japan. (cdc.gov)
  • Thymidine phosphorylase gene mutations in patients with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Mutations in the ND5 subunit of complex I of the mitochondrial DNA are a frequent cause of oxidative phosphorylation disease. (cdc.gov)
  • A mutations in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies]. (cdc.gov)
  • Extended high-dosage exposure may lead to folate or vitamin B-12 deficiency, resulting in accumulation of formic acid, inhibiting the electron transport chain and mitochondrial function, ultimately resulting in impairment of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-mediated axonal transport within nerves, including the optic nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Increase in the lactate:pyruvate ratio distinguishes oxidative phosphorylation defects from other genetic causes of lactic acidosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We profiled the transcriptome, chromatin accessibility state, and heteroplasmy in cells from the eyes of a patient with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and from healthy control donors. (jci.org)
  • In vivo experiments confirmed mitochondrial abundance and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates were elevated in host tissues following MSC treatment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Harrington's study, "Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Regulates the Fate Decision between Pathogenic Th17 and Regulatory T Cells," was recently published in the journal Cell Reports . (uab.edu)
  • Mechanistically, we showed that oxidative phosphorylation regulates the strength of the T cell receptor signal and that this subsequently controls the induction of the key transcription factor BATF. (uab.edu)
  • Cofactor Strap regulates oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial p53 activity through ATP synthase. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Protein phosphorylation regulates actomyosin-driven vesicle movement in cell extracts isolated from the green algae, Chara corallina. (bio.net)
  • These findings define Strap as a dual regulator of cellular reprogramming: first as a nuclear transcription cofactor and second in the direct regulation of mitochondrial respiration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Fig. 1: Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. (nature.com)
  • However, an accumulation of low molecular weight subcomplexes suggested a complex I assembly/stability defect, which was further demonstrated by reversibly inhibiting mitochondrial protein translation with doxycycline. (nih.gov)
  • Employing in vitro cell culture of inherited mitochondrial disease and an in vivo animal experimental model of low-grade inflammation (high fat feeding), we show human-derived MSCs to alter mitochondrial function. (frontiersin.org)
  • MSC co-culture with skin fibroblasts from mitochondrial disease patients rescued aberrant mitochondrial morphology from a fission state to a more fused appearance indicating an effect of MSC co-culture on host cell mitochondrial network formation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The symptoms of mitochondrial disease can vary. (medlineplus.gov)
  • What Is Mitochondrial Disease? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Finally, oxidative phosphorylation is a good candidate to play a dual role by decreasing or increasing the risk of lung cancer and glioblastoma in Alzheimer's disease. (nature.com)
  • one was SDHB in complex II and a mitochondrial carrier protein SLC25A12. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Subsequent studies concentrated on the protein structure and function of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Binding of the human homolog of the Drosophila discs large tumor suppressor protein to the mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRP-S34. (nih.gov)
  • These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. (nature.com)
  • Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. (nature.com)
  • Hou G, Lu Z, Wang Z, Yang X. The Mitochondrial Protein C1QBP Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Enhancing Cell Survival, Migration and Invasion. (jcancer.org)
  • Coyne, L. and X.J. Chen (2019) Consequences of inner mitochondrial membrane protein misfolding. (upstate.edu)
  • Muscle biopsies were taken to perform high-resolution respirometry and protein phosphorylation/expression. (medscape.com)
  • Harrington says her study "found that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is important for the differentiation of pathogenic, autoreactive Th17 effector CD4 T cells and that inhibition of this pathway suppressed Th17 development and Th17 mediated autoimmunity. (uab.edu)
  • In this specific case, inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation impeded the emergence of autoreactive, pathogenic Th17 cells and instead promoted the generation of Treg that can suppress chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. (uab.edu)
  • I think when my student repeated the principle finding that inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation blocked Th17 differentiation and promoted the emergence of Foxp3+ Treg cells more than five times. (uab.edu)
  • Inhibition of rat heart mitochondrial electron transport in vitro: implications for the cardiotoxic action of allylamine or its primary metabolite, acrolein. (cdc.gov)
  • Fig. 3: Translational control of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. (nature.com)
  • Importantly, blockade of oxidative phosphorylation led to the emergence of Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells. (uab.edu)
  • Honestly, the whole study was based on the unexpected finding that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is essential early for promoting Th17 cell differentiation and suppressing the emergence of regulatory CD4 T (Treg) cells. (uab.edu)
  • Under glucose-limiting conditions, cancer cells are sensitised by mitochondrial Strap to apoptosis, which is rescued by supplementing cells with an extracellular source of ATP. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This process happens in the cells of the body, in the cell's mitochondrial matrix. (brighthub.com)
  • Compared to control rats, male rats exposed to 14 days of postnatal hyperoxia then aged to 1 year demonstrated higher skeletal muscle fatigability, lower muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, more mitochondrial damage, and higher glycolytic enzyme expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Fat accumulation in skeletal muscle combined with low mitochondrial oxidative capacity is associated with insulin resistance (IR). (medscape.com)
  • P. Mende, F.-J. Hüther and B. Kadenbach: Specific and reversible activation and inactivation of the mitochondrial phosphate carrier by cardiolipin and nonionic detergents, respectively, FEBS Lett. (wikipedia.org)
  • and (ii) the liver, the kidney and the brain, controlled mainly at the phosphorylation level by ATP synthase and the phosphate carrier. (nih.gov)
  • Significantly, the interaction between Strap and ATP synthase downregulates mitochondrial ATP production. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Molecular docking analysis for different enzymes involved in aging (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and mitochondrial enzymes (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+hydrogen (H) dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase and adenosine triphosphate synthase) was carried out for epigallocatechin gallate alone (1), withaferin A alone (2), epigallocatechin gallate and withaferin A in combination (3) and a reference molecule. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In untrained subjects, lipid infusion reduced oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), whereas trained subjects were completely protected against lipid-induced reduction in NOGD, supported by dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase. (medscape.com)
  • Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, the combination of the constituents exhibited better binding for most of the mitochondrial enzymes. (ijpsonline.com)
  • This reaction is catalysed by PDC, a series of linked enzymes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (fig 2 ). (bmj.com)
  • How can a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial deletions lead to a similar phenotype? (medscape.com)
  • Phenotype heterogeneity associated with mitochondrial DNA A3243G mutation]. (cdc.gov)
  • Member of the Gesellschaft für Biochemie and Molekularbiologie since 1963 Member of the New York Academy of Sciences since 1990 1959 (Diplom) Der Einfluß von Chlorpromazin auf die oxidative Phosphorylierung von Tumormitochondrien 1964 (Dissertation) Der Einfluß von Thyreoidhormonen in vivo auf die oxydative Phosphorylierung und Enzymaktivitäten in Mitochondrien 1970 (Habilitation) Die Biosynthese von Cytochrom-c From 1959 until 2012 Kadenbach published 237 papers in national and international journals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several studies showed compromised in vivo and ex vivo mitochondrial function as a contributor to the development of IR and T2D. (medscape.com)
  • Melatonin has profound effects on mitochondrial dynamics in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion. (melatoninfacts.org)
  • Research focus recently shifted to mitochondrial dynamics and the role of fusion and fission in cardioprotection. (melatoninfacts.org)
  • Fig. 4: Post-translational mechanisms governing respiratory control and the role of mitochondrial membrane dynamics. (nature.com)
  • This information will be informed by current research and the current state of knowledge in the field of mitochondrial biology. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Our study lays a foundation for translating mitochondrial biology into clinical applications. (lu.se)
  • In essence, the toxic and nutritional optic neuropathies actually are acquired mitochondrial optic neuropathies, similar in clinical picture to congenital mitochondrial optic neuropathies. (medscape.com)
  • Mitochondrial copy number varies greatly within and across cancers and correlates with clinical variables. (lu.se)
  • Clinical features of A3243G mitochondrial tRNA mutation. (cdc.gov)
  • Bernhard Kadenbach (21 August 1933 - 14 April 2021) was a German biochemist with main research in structure and function of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, who worked as a professor in the chemistry department of Philipps-Universität Marburg. (wikipedia.org)
  • We characterized a glucose dependent hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m ) in the majority of neurons after transient glutamate excitation. (jneurosci.org)
  • In the present study, we examine the specific impacts of MSCs on mitochondrial morphology and function in host tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • At present, little is known about the impact of MSC therapy on mitochondrial function and morphology. (frontiersin.org)
  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and reduced mitochondrial mass and function. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Other less well-defined defects in mitochondrial function exist. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, whether mitochondrial function and content are important in the prevention of lipid-induced muscular fat accumulation and IR has not been firmly established. (medscape.com)
  • [ 15−20 ] Thus, this model can be used to investigate whether mitochondrial function and content affect lipid-induced IR by comparing subjects with high and low mitochondrial function. (medscape.com)
  • 5 This concept is most readily appreciated by considering mitochondrial enzyme deficiencies. (bmj.com)
  • PDC is regulated, in part, by reversible phosphorylation, in which the phosphorylated enzyme is inactive. (bmj.com)
  • Our analysis presents the most definitive mutational landscape of mitochondrial genomes and identifies several hypermutated cases. (lu.se)
  • We tested the hypothesis that a high oxidative capacity could attenuate lipid-induced IR. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, the primary aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that a high mitochondrial oxidative capacity could prevent the development of lipid-induced IR. (medscape.com)
  • In WT mice, chronic stress showed the highest impact on complex I of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, while in APPPS1 mice this pathway was compromised broadly by chronic stress. (aau.dk)
  • Biochemical data suggest that SA potentiates the signal pathway for HR by affecting an early phosphorylation-sensitive step preceding the generation of pro-death signals, including those derived from the oxidative burst. (springer.com)
  • Kadenbach studied the mitochondrial phosphate carrier and found its essential requirement for cardiolipin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chen, X.J. and Clark-Walker (2018) Unveiling the mystery of mitochondrial DNA replication in yeasts. (upstate.edu)