Mitochondrial mrnas. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. (nih.gov)
The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. (nih.gov)
messenger RNA (mRNA) Any of a class of single-stranded RNA molecules which function as molecular messengers, carrying sequence information encoded in the DNA genome to the ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs. (wikipedia.org)
in this way, the DNA sequence of a protein-coding gene is effectively preserved in the raw transcript, which is subsequently processed into a mature mRNA by a series of post-transcriptional modifications. (wikipedia.org)
Recent study at IMBB, published in Cell Death and Disease revealed that CISD-1, an iron sulfur cluster binding protein implicated in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorder Wolfram Syndrome type 2, modulates longevity and proteostasis by engaging autophagy and the mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis pathway. (forth.gr)
Inter-organellar and systemic responses to impaired mitochondrial matrix protein import in skeletal muscle. (helsinki.fi)
ATP-dependent Clp protease (ClpP), a mitochondrial matrix protease, plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial protein turnover and bioenergetics activity. (springer.com)
SOLDAT10 encodes a plastid-localized protein related to the human mitochondrial transcription termination factor mTERF. (genscript.com)
Arabidopsis thaliana Mitochondrial transcription termination factor family protein (EMB93), mRNA. (genscript.com)
one was SDHB in complex II and a mitochondrial carrier protein SLC25A12. (diabetesjournals.org)
When a cell needs to make a particular protein, it first copies the instructions from the matching gene into a molecule known as a messenger RNA (or an mRNA for short). (elifesciences.org)
The more mRNA copies it makes, the more protein it can produce. (elifesciences.org)
A simple way to control protein production is to raise or lower the number of these mRNA messages, and living cells have lots of ways to make this happen. (elifesciences.org)
The test-tube system confirmed previous suggestions that a protein called Puf3 forms a bridge between Ccr4-Not and mRNAs. (elifesciences.org)
In addition, the expression of Hat1 is linked to the normal aging process as Hat1 mRNA and protein becomes undetectable in many tissues in old mice. (nih.gov)
Homo sapiens uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, transcript variant 2, mRNA. (lu.se)

Structures of the human mitochondrial ribosome bound to EF-G1 reveal distinct features of mitochondrial translation elongation. (nih.gov)
Our analyses define the interactome of the human mitochondrial ribosome and reveal novel assembly factors for complex III and IV biogenesis that link early assembly stages to the translation machinery. (nih.gov)

Its role in the regulation of normal mitochondrial function and in different disease states attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. (nih.gov)
In this paper, we make the case that mitochondrial dysfunction could play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. (frontiersin.org)
However, the data in relation to antidepressant drug effects are contradictory: some studies reveal they have no effect on mitochondrial function or even potentiate dysfunction, whereas other studies show more beneficial effects. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria could be targeted in the development of novel antidepressant drugs, and specific forms of mitochondrial dysfunction could be identified as biomarkers to personalize treatment and aid in early diagnosis by differentiating between disorders with overlapping symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
The focus of this review is the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and major depression. (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we summarize some of the latest knowledge on mitochondrial dysregulation in major depression (depicted in Figure 1 ) and also discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction could instigate downstream changes in extracellular matrix proteins such as reelin, neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS), oxidative stress, and inflammation, and finally adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
As these syndromes are often linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, researchers hypothesized that a dysfunction in the mitochondrial metabolism might be part of the causes of long COVID. (frontiersin.org)
Both α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). (springer.com)
Although the mechanisms underlying PD remain elusive, α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been recognized as major contributors [ 1 , 57 ]. (springer.com)
These changes mimic those observed in diabetes and insulin resistance and, if sustained, may result in mitochondrial dysfunction in the prediabetic/insulin-resistant state. (diabetesjournals.org)
Yan W , Zhang T , Kang Y , Zhang G , Ji X , Feng X , Shi G , . Testosterone ameliorates age-related brain mitochondrial dysfunction. (aging-us.com)
Brain mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced testosterone levels are common features of aging in men. (aging-us.com)
Although evidence suggests that the two phenomena are interrelated, it is unclear whether testosterone supplementation ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging male brain. (aging-us.com)
These findings suggest that testosterone supplementation may be a viable approach to ameliorating brain mitochondrial dysfunction and thus prevent or treat cognitive-behavioral deficits and neurodegenerative conditions associated with aging. (aging-us.com)
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of normal aging and is closely associated with the development of age-related neurodegenerative disease [ 1 - 3 ]. (aging-us.com)
Altered mitochondrial recycling, resulting from abnormal biogenesis/mitophagy cycles, coupled to decreased antioxidant capacity and hence unmitigated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, all result in impaired ATP synthesis and trigger energy deficits largely responsible for the progressive cellular dysfunction characteristic of aging [ 3 , 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
Notwithstanding, there is a paucity of research on the effects of testosterone supplementation on age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. (aging-us.com)
A Syntenic Cross Species Aneuploidy Genetic Screen Links RCAN1 Expression to β-Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. (lu.se)

Although its precise biological function remains unclear, its proximity to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) makes it an excellent candidate to participate in mtDNA replication, metabolism and maintenance. (mdpi.com)
In addition to the cellular energy sensor AMP kinase, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor cofactors PGC1α ( 5 , 6 , 7 ) and possibly PGC1β ( 8 ) activate mitochondrial biogenesis and increase OXPHOS gene expression by increasing the transcription, translation, and activation of the transcription factors necessary for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are long known to be co-transcribed in polycistrones, yet it remains impossible to study nascent mtDNA transcripts quantitatively in vivo using existing tools. (biorxiv.org)
In the vast majority of eukaryotes, OXPHOS is operated by genes encoded by two genomes - most in the nuclear genome (nDNA) and 37 in the short circular mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). (biorxiv.org)
[ 11 ] In the CALERIE phase 1 study, however, we demonstrated that 6 months of 25% CR in healthy human s increased the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. (medscape.com)
By extra long quantitative PCR of mitochondrial (mt) DNA, we found that CNT exposure induced a dose-dependent aortic mtDNA damage, an oxidative stress dependable parameter, at day 7, 28 and 60 after exposure. (cdc.gov)

One possible mechanism used could be to alter the expression of genes encoded in the mitochondrial genome. (frontiersin.org)

Sometimes mitophagy can be over-active and patients are left with too few mitochondria for the bodies energy needs and suffer from mitochondrial depletion syndrome. (medicalxpress.com)
A new study by IMBB researchers shows that molecular condensates that store or degrade mRNA tightly associate with mitochondria to regulate their biogenesis and function. (forth.gr)
Although studies suggest that αSyn and its missense mutant, A53T, preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, the mechanisms by which αSyn and mitochondrial proteins regulate each other to trigger mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity are poorly understood. (springer.com)
Despite these findings suggesting that mitochondria might be a key link between αSyn toxicity and neuronal degeneration in PD, the field still lacks an understanding of how αSyn abnormality and mitochondrial functional deficiency influence each other. (springer.com)

Deficiency in ClpP induces an overload of mitochondrial misfolded/unfolded proteins, suppresses mitochondrial respiratory activity, increases mitochondrial oxidative damage and causes cell death. (springer.com)
Therefore, mitochondrial ribosomes engage with the OXA1L-insertase and membrane-associated proteins, which support membrane insertion of translation products and early assembly steps into OXPHOS complexes. (nih.gov)
The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)
How Do Mitochondrial Proteins Differ in Composition from Typical Proteins? (cshlpress.com)
RNA-binding proteins contribute to specificity by interacting with both Ccr4-Not and target mRNAs, but this is not fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
Together these proteins shorten the end of the mRNAs, preparing the molecules for degradation. (elifesciences.org)
Proteins shown in red (FDR 0.01) represent the mRNA interactome. (nature.com)
c ) Overlap of mRNA interactome proteins in yeast and HuH-7. (nature.com)
d ) Validation of the yeast mRNA interactome using western blotting of input samples and eluate after interactome capture with specific antibodies (ADH1, alcohol dehydrogenase 1, PUB1) or against TAP-tagged proteins (PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, TDH1, triose phosphate dehydrogenase, TRX2, thioredoxine 2, SHE2, Swi5p-dependent HO Expression 2). (nature.com)
mRNA expression of genes and proteins related to disease pathology were. (lu.se)

Alterations in mitochondrial functions such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and membrane polarity, which increase oxidative stress and apoptosis, may precede the development of depressive symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondrial DNA plays a vital role in regulating oxidative stress and energy production, and hence may be an important target of selection for flight performance. (nature.com)
Overexpression of ClpP reduces αSyn-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress through enhancing the level of Superoxide Dismutase-2 (SOD2), and suppresses the accumulation of αSyn S129 phosphorylation and promotes neuronal morphology in neurons derived from PD patient iPS cells carrying αSyn A53T mutant. (springer.com)
Results: In BEAS-2B and hAELVi, hypoxia significantly dowregulated genes related to fibrosis, mitochondrial stress, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation whereas VEGF receptor 2 increased. (lu.se)
We conducted an ancillary study to the CALERIE 2 randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of 12 months of 25% CR on in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics, mitochondrial content, and markers of oxidative stress. (medscape.com)

What Is the Base Composition of the Mitochondrial Genome? (cshlpress.com)
Which Genes Are Present in the Mitochondrial Genome? (cshlpress.com)
How Are Genes Organized in the Mitochondrial Genome? (cshlpress.com)

At the molecular and structural level, mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function are altered in diabetes, as well as in insulin-resistant relatives of type 2 diabetic subjects ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

Thus, ensuring normal mitochondrial function is critical for delaying aging and reducing the risk of age-related neurodegenerative disease [ 4 , 7 , 8 ]. (aging-us.com)

Mitochondrial translation is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function and mutations in this system lead to a breakdown in the respiratory chain-oxidative phosphorylation system and to impaired maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. (nih.gov)

Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. (nih.gov)

microRNA (miRNA) A type of small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecule that functions in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, particularly RNA silencing, by base-pairing with complementary sequences in mRNA transcripts, which typically results in the cleavage or destabilization of the transcript or inhibits its translation by ribosomes. (wikipedia.org)

However, while there are a few studies investigating the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mitochondrial metabolism, the effect on the transcription of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs has not been investigated yet. (frontiersin.org)
This result suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 infection somehow affected the metabolism of small mitochondrial RNAs specifically without altering the overall mitochondrial transcription. (frontiersin.org)
However, the mechanism used by SARS-CoV-2 to disrupt mitochondrial metabolism is unknown. (frontiersin.org)
Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)

Combined exposure to DEET (N,N-diethyl- m -toluamide) and permethrin-induced release of rat brain mitochondrial cytochrome c. (cdc.gov)

The effects of caloric restriction (CR) on in vivo muscle mitochondrial function in humans are controversial. (medscape.com)
We evaluated muscle mitochondrial function and associated transcriptional profiles in nonobese humans after 12 months of CR. (medscape.com)
however, having a "more coupled" (versus "less coupled") phenotype enables CR-induced improvements in muscle mitochondrial function. (medscape.com)
One study demonstrated that although lifelong CR preserved muscle mitochondrial function in mice, it did so by protecting the integrity and function of existing mitochondrial cellular components rather than by increasing biogenesis. (medscape.com)
Taken together, these data lead to the question of whether duration (chronic versus short-term) is a key determinant of CR-induced changes in muscle mitochondrial mass and function. (medscape.com)
To date, there have been no randomized controlled trials that have examined the effects of long-term CR on muscle mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)

Substantial evidence has shown that αSyn toxicity may directly disrupt mitochondrial function. (springer.com)

This gene encodes one of the mitochondrial translation elongation factors. (nih.gov)
Structural insights into mammalian mitochondrial translation elongation catalyzed by mtEFG1. (nih.gov)

Thus, using publicly available data, I explored the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the expression of several mitochondrial non-coding RNAs in patients recovering from COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
No change in the expression of long non-coding RNAs was detected at any stage of the infection, but up to 43 small mitochondrial RNAs have their expression altered during the recovery from COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
This persistent alteration in the expression of small mitochondrial RNAs might be involved in the long COVID syndrome and further studies are needed to confirm the possibility. (frontiersin.org)
It plays a role as a cytoplasmic RNA import factor, in mitochondrial morphogenesis and respiration, regulation of expression of the electron transport chain, regulation of the stability of specific mature miRNAs in melanoma cells, and RNA cell surveilance. (thermofisher.com)
Compensating for the loss of ClpP in the substantia nigra of αSyn A53T mice by viral expression of ClpP suppresses mitochondrial oxidative damage, and reduces αSyn pathology and behavioral deficits of mice. (springer.com)
We hypothesized a HFD may affect expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Shortening or removal of mRNA poly(A) tails (deadenylation) represses gene expression in eukaryotes. (elifesciences.org)
Plasma IL-18 levels pre-cART correlated inversely with NO levels but positively with monocyte casp1 expression and mitochondrial DNA levels, and expression of IL-18R alpha on CD4(+) T cells and NK cells was higher in TB-IRIS patients, providing evidence that IL-18 is a marker of inflammasome activation. (diva-portal.org)
These effects were consistent with improved mitochondrial function, reflected by testosterone-induced increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), antioxidant enzyme (GSH-PX, catalase, and Mn-SOD) expression/activity, and mitochondrial respiratory complex activities in both brain regions. (aging-us.com)
mRNA expression data of energy-related genes were extracted from our whole retinal Affymetrix microarray data. (molvis.org)

Additionally, a significant decrease in skeletal muscle androgen receptor mRNA levels occurred following dexamethasone administration. (medscape.com)
Furthermore, plasma insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1), produced by the liver, increased significantly following dexamethasone administration, whereas skeletal muscle IGF-1 mRNA levels decreased. (medscape.com)

This possibility is indeed supported by animal studies that showed that orchiectomy-induced testosterone deficiency reduces mitochondrial function and increases oxidative damage in the substantia nigra (SN) and the hippocampus (HIPP) of adult male rats [ 16 - 18 ]. (aging-us.com)
1998. Cypermethrin increases apo A-1 and apo B mRNA but not hyperlipidemia in rats. (cdc.gov)

We also adapted the mRNA interactome capture protocol to yeast (see Methods and Supplementary Fig. 1 ) using PAR-CL at 0.72 or 7.2 J cm −2 (ref. 8 ) with 4-thio-uracil. (nature.com)
Figure 1: mRNA interactome capture in yeast and HuH-7 cells. (nature.com)
a ) Schematic representation of the mRNA interactome capture protocol in yeast and HuH-7 cells using PAR crosslinking (PAR-CL) or conventional crosslinking (cCL). (nature.com)
The purpose of this study was to determine the mRNA levels in the yeast mutant rpc128-1007 and its overdose suppressors, RBS1 and PRT1. (mdpi.com)

In vivo mitochondrial function [maximal ATP synthesis rate (ATPmax), ATPflux/O 2 (P/O)] was determined by 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy, and body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. (medscape.com)

Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in a variety of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. (jci.org)
Recent studies have identified the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) as a regulator of mitochondrial function in tissues specialized for thermogenesis, such as brown adipose. (jci.org)
Overall, the data suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial function and depression that warrants further investigation. (frontiersin.org)
Obesity and type 2 diabetes have been associated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and reduced mitochondrial mass and function. (diabetesjournals.org)
Although testosterone supplementation in male patients was shown to improve cognitive function in AD [ 12 , 13 ], and to relieve motor and nonmotor symptoms in PD [ 14 , 15 ], it remains unclear whether testosterone beneficially influences mitochondrial function in the aging brain. (aging-us.com)
Consistently, further studies show that Hat1 -/- MEFs exhibit mitochondrial defects suggesting a critical role for Hat1 in mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)
Mitochondrial changes (content and function) are at the heart of a wide range of age-related diseases. (medscape.com)
[ 12 ] The activity of key mitochondrial enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation, and the electron transport system, conversely, were unchanged, [ 12 ] leaving many unanswered questions regarding the effects of CR on muscle-specific mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)

Combined, these results suggest a mechanism whereby HFD downregulates genes necessary for OXPHOS and mitochondrial biogenesis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mitochondrial ATP production via the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) is the major energy resource in eukaryotes. (biorxiv.org)

The Ccr4-Not complex removes mRNA poly(A) tails to regulate eukaryotic mRNA stability and translation. (elifesciences.org)

We also determined the RNA targets of an RNA-binding mitochondrial enzyme and show its specificity in RNA binding. (nature.com)

The mitochondriopathies comprise several diverse, overlapping syndromes caused by mutations of mitochondrial DNA. (medscape.com)

RNase MRP has been shown to cleave primers for mitochondrial DNA replication and CLB2 mRNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)

7 Department of Mitochondrial Proteostasis, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany. (nih.gov)

Is Type 2 Diabetes a Primary Mitochondrial Disorder? (mdpi.com)

Analyses of the mitochondrial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD17B10) uncover the RNA-binding specificity of an enigmRBP. (nature.com)

mRNA microarray analyses of A549, PC14, and PC14CDDP cells that were transiently transfected with either pre-miR-197 or LNA-miR-197 and their controls. (nih.gov)

Consequently, motif quality is a major determinant of mRNA stability for Puf3 targets in vivo and can be used for the prediction of mRNA targets. (elifesciences.org)

As detailed in the right side of the image, there are a series of mitochondrial alterations that have been observed both in depressed patients and in animal models of depression (red lines). (frontiersin.org)

These include changes affecting mitochondrial DNA, membrane permeability, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (frontiersin.org)

Human and animal studies suggest an intriguing link between mitochondrial diseases and depression. (frontiersin.org)

Interestingly, antidepressant medication can restore the mitochondrial oxidant/antioxidant balance, and therefore help to rescue the negative effects of mitochondrial dysregulation (green lines). (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy8

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes26

Information Science3

Protein16

Ribosome2

Dysfunction18

MtDNA6

Encoded in the mitochondrial genome1

Mitochondria4

Proteins10

Oxidative stress5

Genome3

Biogenesis and mitochondrial1

Normal mitochondrial function1

Maintaining mitochondrial function1

Subunit1

Ribosomes1

Metabolism4

Brain mitochondrial1

Muscle mitochondrial6

Disrupt mitochondrial1

Elongation2

Expression10

Skeletal2

Increases2

Yeast4

Synthesis1

Function8

OXPHOS2

Regulate1

Enzyme1

Mutations1

Replication1

Proteostasis1

Type 2 Diabet1

Specificity1

Analyses1

Determinant1

Alterations1

Membrane1

Human1

Antioxidant1