Mitochondrial host chlamydia trachomatis. Medical search. Frequent questions

And she gained a new appreciation for the myriad other types of intracellular bacteria, a diverse group that includes many medically significant pathogens such as Salmonella , Listeria, and Chlamydia , as well as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy. (the-scientist.com)
Research on how intracellular bacteria take control of their hosts is not only informing scientists about how these microbes cause disease, but revealing secrets of mammalian biology, says Mukherjee, who now heads up a lab at the University of California (UC), San Francisco. (the-scientist.com)
Intracellular bacteria vary considerably in how dependent they are on their hosts. (the-scientist.com)
So-called facultative intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella pneumophila do not need to be inside a host cell to reproduce. (the-scientist.com)
By contrast, obligate intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycobacterium leprae do, and this trait makes them a challenge to culture and study in the lab. (the-scientist.com)
Chlamydia trachomatis targets mitochondrial dynamics to promote intracellular survival and proliferation. (nih.gov)
Chronic infections, particularly those which are primarily characterized by an asymptomatic intracellular life cycle, e.g., latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections, present a unique premise to decipher the fine balance between protective host immune responses, immunopathology and full-fledged clinical disease. (frontiersin.org)
Liang P, Rosas-Lemus M, Patel D, Fang X, Tuz K, Juárez O (2017) Dynamic Energy Dependency of Chlamydia trachomatis on Host Cell Metabolism during Different Stages of Intracellular Growth: Possible role of Sodium -based energetics in Chlamydial ATP generation. (iit.edu)
Thus, intracellular bacteria frequently encode the capacity to regulate host lipogenesis as well as to modulate the lipid composition of host membranes. (microbialcell.com)
therefore, host lipids and their biosynthesis pathways have emerged as critical regulators of intracellular replication for vacuolar pathogens both as organelle membrane building blocks as well as nutrients [8] [9] . (microbialcell.com)
We report that chlamydiae, which are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, can inhibit interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression. (silverchair.com)
These results reveal a novel immune evasion strategy used by the intracellular bacterial pathogen chlamydia that improves our understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis. (silverchair.com)
Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen ( 19 ) and the causative agent of many important human diseases ( 20 , 21 ). (silverchair.com)

NLRX1 also plays a role in host immunity during bacterial infections, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Helicobacter pylori, by regulating bacterial burden and inflammation in mononuclear phagocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Our lab conducts biomedical research directed to establish the metabolic strategies and host- pathogen relationship in bacterial pathogenic species, such as Chlamydia trachomatis , the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the world, and Vibrio cholerae , which produces severe gastrointestinal disease to millions of people in developing countries. (iit.edu)
Often starting as a phagosome in the endocytic compartment, these bacteria-occupied vacuoles transition into organelles with novel molecular features via remodeling of host proteins and lipids through the highly coordinated actions of bacterial factors [3] [5] . (microbialcell.com)

Scientists studying pathogens such as Chlamydia , Legionella , and Listeria get a master class in how to control the internal workings of mammalian cells. (the-scientist.com)
These microbes all enjoy at least part of their lives shielded from the onslaught of white blood cells, antibodies, and other immune defenses that the body launches against pathogens that live outside of host cells. (the-scientist.com)
Nevertheless, while a chronic host immune response driven by pathogens may be protective against clinical disease, it may also elevate the risk of inflammation-induced dysplasia. (frontiersin.org)
Host membranes are inherently critical for niche homeostasis of vacuolar pathogens. (microbialcell.com)
Lipids can also act as pivotal pathogenetic factors that allow pathogens to escape immune responses, manipulate host processes, and develop disease [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

NLRX1 has been proposed to affect innate immunity to viruses by interfering with the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)/retinoic-acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) mitochondrial antiviral pathway. (wikipedia.org)

Bortezomib Eliminates Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis Infection through Rapid and Specific Host Cell Apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Chlamydia pneumoniae Lung Infection in Mice Induces Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4-Dependent White Adipose Tissue Pathology. (nih.gov)
Resistance to host antimicrobial peptides mediates resilience of gut commensals during infection and aging in Drosophila. (mpg.de)
Host monitoring of quorum sensing during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. (mpg.de)
Our understanding of the immune system stems, in great part, from studying the host response to infection, which in most individuals leads to the absence of clinical disease and establishment of highly apt immunological memory. (frontiersin.org)
Although overt inflammatory responses play a major role in malignant transformation of host cells following an infection, it is a disbalanced immune responses, which contribute to drive malignant transformation. (frontiersin.org)
The second part of the review discusses potential host-directed interventional strategies based on existing translational and clinical knowledge of infection-induced inflammation, as well as cancer initiation/progression models. (frontiersin.org)

Healthy mammalian hosts activate immune responses against pathogenic infections. (life-science-alliance.org)

She learned that researchers had identified more than 300 Legionella peptides that mimic host proteins or otherwise hijack existing cellular pathways to the bacterium's advantage. (the-scientist.com)
Yeast and candida cannot make NAD and so use up a large amount of their hosts' NAD for their own growth and metabolic functions via salvage pathways. (mthfrdoctors.com)
We discuss personalized immunological therapies which, directly or indirectly, target host biological pathways modulated by antimicrobial immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
However, the IFN-γ-induced IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression is not affected, suggesting that chlamydia may selectively target the IFN-γ signaling pathways required for MHC class II expression. (silverchair.com)

Saka HA , Valdivia R . Emerging roles for lipid droplets in immunity and host-pathogen interactions. (microbiologyresearch.org)

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)

Chlamydia trachomatis Prevents Apoptosis Via Activation of PDPK1-MYC and Enhanced Mitochondrial Binding of Hexokinase II. (mpg.de)
Thus, the local immunological milieu in tissue compartments forms the nature and magnitude of the host responses, i.e., frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) vs. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, extent of neutrophilia and antigen-presenting-cell (APC) activation, among others. (frontiersin.org)

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulation by Tuberculosis Drugs Impairs Host Defense and Treatment Outcomes. (mpg.de)

Furthermore, translocation of immune cells from one anatomical compartment to another, i.e., the gut-lung axis via the lymphatics or blood has been identified as an important factor in perpetrating systemic inflammation, tissue destruction, as well as modulating host-protective immune responses. (frontiersin.org)

Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3, mitochondrial (EC 6.2.1. (joplink.net)

These by-products can inhibit or slow down multiple enzymes involved in methylation and mitochondrial function, affecting the hosts' ability to detoxify, make neurotransmitters and repair their own cells. (mthfrdoctors.com)
The organism enters host cells and resides in the cytoplasm in a membrane-bound parasitophorous vacuole (PV). (life-science-alliance.org)
Thus, diminished CIITA expression as a result of USF-1 degradation may account for the suppression of the IFN-γ-inducible MHC class II in chlamydia-infected cells. (silverchair.com)

Mitochondrial genome copy number (MT-CN) varies among humans and across tissues and is highly heritable, but its causes and consequences are not well understood. (biomedcentral.com)

These communities of organisms that we play host to have a profound role in maintaining our biochemistry which includes methylation. (mthfrdoctors.com)
This leaves us (the host) often short in this essential nutrient prompting our biochemistry to adapt and manufacture it in less optimal ways. (mthfrdoctors.com)

From within a unique ER-derived vacuole L. pneumophila promotes host lipogenesis and experimental evidence indicates that cholesterol production might be one facet of this response. (microbialcell.com)

Clicking the images or links will redirect you to a website hosted by BenchSci that provides third-party scientific content. (thermofisher.com)

Chlamydia is an intracellular bacterium that causes serious health problems in both humans and animals. (nih.gov)
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis . (pasteur.fr)
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis inserts a family of inclusion membrane (Inc) proteins into the membrane of its vacuole (the inclusion). (bvsalud.org)

Chlamydia trachomatis is a gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen causing the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) worldwide, particularly among young women [1] . (madridge.org)
Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen ( 19 ) and the causative agent of many important human diseases ( 20 , 21 ). (silverchair.com)

IMPORTANCE Chlamydia trachomatis is a prevalent bacterial pathogen that causes blinding ocular scarring and urogenital infections that can lead to infertility and pregnancy complications. (bvsalud.org)
These results reveal a novel immune evasion strategy used by the intracellular bacterial pathogen chlamydia that improves our understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis. (silverchair.com)

High-throughput sequencing allowed Rudel and his team to study in depth how a chlamydia infection impacts the miRNA expression of the infected cell. (innovations-report.com)
This study provides insights into the changes in miRNA expression over time after chlamydia infection and reinfection, as well as the pathways they regulate to determine pathological outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)

Since numerous metabolic processes are either missing or fragmented in the pathogen, it is reliant on the host cell to supply the vital nutrients on a permanent basis. (innovations-report.com)
Chlamydia trachomatis replicates primarily in the epithelial cells lining the genital tract and induces the innate immune response by triggering cellular pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). (madridge.org)
As per CDCʼs estimate, nearly 20 million healthy individuals are infected every year, accounting for almost $16 billion in health care costs annually (CDC 2016) [5] .The asymptomatic nature of C. trachomatis infection means that the pathogen persists for a long time in some individuals, which suggests the effective evasion of host immune systems [6 , 7] . (madridge.org)
Because Chlamydia can only grow within its host cell, boosting the intrinsic defenses of human cells may represent a novel strategy to fight pathogen replication and survival. (bvsalud.org)

Consequently, new Chlamydia genotypes arise within the population and the potential for strain selection with increased virulence is possible. (medscape.com)
By revealing CpoS as a multifunctional virulence factor and by linking its ability to block host cellular immune signaling to the modulation of membrane trafficking, the present work may provide a foundation for such rationale targeting and advances our understanding of how intracellular bacteria can shape and protect their growth niche. (bvsalud.org)

NLRX1 also plays a role in host immunity during bacterial infections, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Helicobacter pylori, by regulating bacterial burden and inflammation in mononuclear phagocytes. (wikipedia.org)

Understanding the pathogenesis of chlamydial complications including the pathophysiological processes within the female host genital tract is important in preventing adverse pathology. (biomedcentral.com)
The miRNAs networks generated in our study shows that there are differences in the focus molecules involved in significant biological functions in chlamydia infection and reinfection, implying that chlamydial pathogenesis occurs differently for each type of infection and that this could be important when determining treatments regime and disease outcome. (biomedcentral.com)
The study underscores the crucial role of host factors in chlamydia pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Genital C. trachomatis infection may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that can lead to tubal factor infertility (TFI). (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, we analyzed and compared differentially expressed mice genital tract miRNAs after single and repeat chlamydia infections using a C. muridarum mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
Mice were sacrificed and their genital tract tissues were collected at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after a single and repeat chlamydia infections. (biomedcentral.com)

They identified a mechanism with which Chlamydia trachomatis influences the mitochondria, the cells' power plants, thereby preventing the cells from committing suicide. (innovations-report.com)
What impact does a chlamydia infection have on mitochondria? (innovations-report.com)
In return, blocking miR-30c causes the chlamydia trouble, because the cell increases its production of Drp1, a protein that fragments the mitochondria in cells under stress. (innovations-report.com)
Due to a deficiency of multiple metabolic enzymes, these pathogenic bacteria are highly dependent on their eukaryotic host cells, resulting in a close link between Chlamydia infection and host cell mitochondria. (nih.gov)
His lab discovered the fundamental role of mitochondrial permeabilization in programmed cell death and has ever since continued to elucidate the role of mitochondria in pathological cell death. (microbialcell.com)

Additionally, Chlamydia can inhibit mitochondrial fission by blocking DRP1 oligomerization, preventing host cell apoptosis. (nih.gov)

Another consequence of chlamydia infection occurs especially in tropical countries: The bacteria infect the eyes and may cause blindness. (innovations-report.com)
Approximately one-third of PID attributed to Chlamydia trachomatis infection occurs mainly in reproductive-age women [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Chlamydia preserves the mitochondrial network necessary for replication via microRNA-dependent inhibition of fission. (innovations-report.com)
however, the replication of Chlamydia in TLR3 deficient OE cells was more robust than in WT cells. (madridge.org)

Discovery of the Elusive UDP-Diacylglucosamine Hydrolase in the Lipid A Biosynthetic Pathway in Chlamydia trachomatis. (duke.edu)
Genome-wide expression and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) identified enhanced expression of host genes encoding for components found in multiple cellular processes encompassing: (1) pro-inflammatory, (2) cell adhesion, (3) chemoattraction, (4) cellular matrix and small molecule transport, (5) apoptosis, and (6) antigen-processing and presentation. (madridge.org)

Chlamydia infections are the most frequent sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. (innovations-report.com)
Newer findings even suggest that chlamydia infections promote ovarian cancer. (innovations-report.com)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionʼs (CDCʼs) report in 2016, a total of 1,598,354 Chlamydia infections were reported in USA alone, which was 4.7% higher than the reported number of cases in 2015 [5] . (madridge.org)

Untreated, chlamydia infection can cause fallopian tubes blockage in women which can result in tubal pregnancy or infertility. (innovations-report.com)

Indeed, Chlamydia increase mitochondrial fusion by inhibiting the activation of dynein-related protein 1 (DRP1), which can regulate host cell metabolism for extra energy. (nih.gov)

Chlamydia infection is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial infection that most frequently causes sexually transmitted infection in the world, therefore, it is considered a serious public health problem. (scientificarchives.com)

The Inc CpoS is a critical suppressor of host cellular immune surveillance, but the underlying mechanism remained elusive. (bvsalud.org)
Although mutations in mitochondrial-associated genes are linked to inflammation and susceptibility to infection, their mechanistic contributions to immune outcomes remain ill-defined. (biomed.news)
Our findings suggest a pivotal role for GSDMD as an executer of multiple cell death pathways and demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction can direct immune outcomes via cell death modality switching. (biomed.news)

Already three years ago, Rudel and his team showed that chlamydiae disable the tumour suppressor protein p53 in infected cells and initiate a process which repairs DNA damages resulting from chlamydia infection. (innovations-report.com)

Genetic variation allows Chlamydia trachomatis to exploit diverse niches within a host (tissue tropism) and to avoid, escape or resist host responses. (medscape.com)
Genetic variation (lightning bolts) results in serovar-specific differences in invasiveness, evasion of host responses and tissue tropism. (medscape.com)

Unexpectedly, we found CpoS to be essential for the formation of inclusion membrane microdomains that control the spatial organization of multiple Incs involved in signaling and modulation of the host cellular cytoskeleton. (bvsalud.org)
While the function of CpoS in microdomains was uncoupled from its role in the suppression of host cellular defenses, we found the ability of CpoS to interact with Rab GTPases to be required not only for the manipulation of membrane trafficking, such as to mediate transport of ceramide-derived lipids (sphingolipids) to the inclusion, but also for the inhibition of Stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent type I interferon responses. (bvsalud.org)
Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F (1) F (0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. (joplink.net)

A 30-kb region between ctl393 and ctl417 found in the E/SW2 strain (Swedish New Variant) exactly matched the sequence for C. trachomatis D/UW3/CX. (medscape.com)
[ 6 , 38 , 39 ] In another study, an isolate from rectal epithelia was found to be a recombinant of C. trachomatis serovar D and LGV resulting in a hypervirulent strain (L 2 C) causing severe hemorrhagic proctitis. (medscape.com)
Bacteria of the strain Chlamydia trachomatis are responsible for a number of serious diseases in humans. (innovations-report.com)

These results support a role for TLR3 in modulating the host cellular responses to Cm infection that extend beyond inflammation and fibrosis, and shows that TLR3 could serve a potential therapeutic target for drug and/or vaccine development. (madridge.org)

Hence, CpoS, a Chlamydia protein known to block host cellular defenses, or processes regulated by CpoS, could provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. (bvsalud.org)

C. trachomatis being an intracellular obligate parasite employs an array of host processes to support its developmental cycle [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

When Chlamydia trachomatis infects a human cell, it faces a huge challenge: It must prevent the cell from triggering programmed cell death to prevent the bacteria from replicating and spreading throughout the body. (innovations-report.com)

However, the IFN-γ-induced IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression is not affected, suggesting that chlamydia may selectively target the IFN-γ signaling pathways required for MHC class II expression. (silverchair.com)

His research focus lies on mitochondrial regulation of cell death and aging using yeast as a model. (microbialcell.com)
We discovered that the disease-associated gain-of-function allele Lrrk2G2019S (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) perturbs mitochondrial homeostasis and reprograms cell death pathways in macrophages. (biomed.news)

These mechanisms are critical for maintaining a favorable environment for reproduction and growth of Chlamydia . (nih.gov)

[ 35 ] There has also been strong bioinformatics evidence after whole-genome sequencing that chlamydiae have undergone a number of gene duplication events resulting in the creation of several families of proteins important for intracellular survival in cell culture and possibly in disease severity differences. (medscape.com)
There are a number of C. trachomatis gene products that exhibit variability and may modulate disease severity (Figure 3). (medscape.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms14

Diseases45

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science4

Named Groups2

Health Care6

Geographicals1

Intracellular13

Bacterial3

Pathogens5

Signaling protein1

Infection7

Pathogenic1

Pathways4

Immunity1

Cellular1

Activation2

Defense1

Immune responses1

Family member1

Cells3

Humans1

Biochemistry2

Production1

Content1

Bacterium3

Obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen2

Bacterial pathogen2

MiRNA expression2

Pathogen4

Virulence2

Helicobacter1

Pathogenesis3

Genital3

Mitochondria5

Inhibit1

Infection occurs2

Replication2

Pathway2

Infections3

Tubal1

Drp11

Sexually2

Immune3

Suppressor1

Tissue2

Membrane3

Strain3

Inflammation1

Defenses1

Processes1

Human1

Expression1

Cell death2

Environment1

Disease2