Mitochondrial fatty human sterol carrier protein carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The ABC transporter proteins Pat1 and Pat2 are required for import of long-chain fatty acids into peroxisomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (research.com)
The lipidomic analysis showed that disruption of NcACBP caused no obvious changes in the overall abundance and turnover of fatty acids while knockout resulted in the accumulation of triacylglycerol. (biomedcentral.com)
Fatty acids provide the acyl skeleton for lipid synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Before entering lipid synthesis pathways, different kinds of acyl-CoA transporters which acts as the major carrier of acyl-CoAs, such as fatty acid binding protein (FABP), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2) and acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP), would activate and convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoA esters via a reaction catalyzed by fatty acyl-CoA synthetase and transported to various metabolic locations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined by peptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids[citation needed] that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids by ester linkages is called a triacylglyceride. (wikipedia.org)
known hemoproteins and does not require heme for electron trans- Most aerobic organisms synthesize heme by a multistep pathway port in the respiratory chain, protection against oxidative stress, or that is conserved in all three domains of life: bacteria, archaea, desaturation of fatty acids. (medicinelakex1.com)
Even if amino acids are biologically present in a place, no protein can form spontaneously. (questionsonislam.com)
Fatty acids are the simplest fats synthesized in cells and they participate in the structure of complex fats that are to perform specific tasks in cells. (questionsonislam.com)
The most important feature that distinguishes fish oil from the fats of other living things is the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. (questionsonislam.com)
Fatty acids are synthesized by considering special factors such as the physiology of the fish and the state of its environment. (questionsonislam.com)
The number and amount of fatty acids in fish oil varies according to many factors such as species, season, habitat and nutritional status. (questionsonislam.com)
Among the peripheral signals that are generated to regulate the uptake of food, signals from adipose tissue are of major relevance and involve the maintenance of energy homeostasis through processes such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, and oxidation of fatty acids. (wjgnet.com)
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent actin remodelling during CD4+ T-cell activation. (tamu.edu)
Fatty acids (FA) are essential monomeric components that define the structural diversity of lipids and determine their functional properties in the CNS. (encyclopedia.pub)
Next, palmitic acid is further elongated and desaturated to generate complex fatty acids. (encyclopedia.pub)
The apoptotic cell cargo contains amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and cholesterol that function as metabolites and signaling molecules to bring about this re-programming. (biomed.news)
Figure 17.1 illustrates the metabolic processes involved in the overall metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein including the catabolic processes to produce energy and urea (the product of the detoxification of the nitrogen moiety of amino acids) and anabolic processes to form tissue protein and energy stores, glycogen and lipids. (oncohemakey.com)
To produce energy G-6-PO 4 (derived from monosaccharides from dietary CHO or produced from glycogen degradation by glycogenolysis) is converted by a series of enzyme reactions in the glycolytic pathway to form pyruvate or lactic acid, then to acetyl-CoA, which is also produced from fatty acid oxidation and degradation of the carbon skeleton of glucogenic amino acids ( Table 17.1 ). (oncohemakey.com)
G-6-PO 4 can also be produced via pyruvate from protein catabolism of glucogenic amino acids ( Table 17.1 ) or breakdown of glycerol from lipids (gluconeogenesis). (oncohemakey.com)
Dietary fat is present mainly as long chain triglycerides, comprising a glycerol backbone and fatty acids. (oncohemakey.com)
Dietary fats, and lipids produced endogenously from acetyl-CoA, are initially hydrolysed by lipases into glycerol and free fatty acids. (oncohemakey.com)
Fatty acids enter the mitochondria via the carnitine transport cycle (medium chain fatty acids enter independently of carnitine) into the β-oxidation spiral in which fatty acids, via a series of enzymes, produce acetyl-CoA and electron carriers. (oncohemakey.com)
Dietary protein is broken down into 20 individual amino acids for absorption. (oncohemakey.com)

They contribute to many crucial metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of ether lipids and free radical detoxification. (genome.jp)
Six major pathways have been studied in immune cells in detail: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism. (nature.com)
by contrast, interleukin-4 (IL-4)-activated macrophages mainly use oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation to generate energy. (nature.com)
Here, we provide a brief refresher course on six of the major metabolic pathways involved (specifically, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid synthesis and amino acid metabolism), giving specific examples of how precise changes in the metabolites of these pathways shape the immune cell response. (nature.com)
Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)

His Enzyme, Fatty acid, Mitochondrion, Pristanic acid and Alpha oxidation investigations are all subjects of Biochemistry research. (research.com)
All of his Biochemistry and Fatty acid, Phytanic acid, Refsum disease, Mitochondrion and Beta oxidation investigations are sub-components of the entire Biochemistry study. (research.com)
The oxidation state of the iron is important human parasites, depend on oxygen but are unable to produce for most biological roles of heme, but its exact function is ulti- heme. (medicinelakex1.com)
Figure 5: Fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in immunity. (nature.com)
Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
Risperidone increases adipocyte lipid accumulation by plausibly inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation through targeting MAPK14 and MAPK8. (frontiersin.org)

Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
Then, Acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA are coupled to the acyl-carrier protein domain of the rate-limiting enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Disruption of adipocyte de novo lipogenesis (DNL) by deletion of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in mice induces browning in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). (biomed.news)

We examined the enzyme protein and biosynthesis of human trifunctional protein harboring enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts from two patients with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. (rhea-db.org)

His research investigates the connection with Peroxisome and areas like Fatty acid which intersect with concerns in Pristanic acid, Glyoxysome and Metabolism. (research.com)
Fatty acid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (research.com)
Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Parasitic ecule because it reversibly binds to certain proteins, such as kinetoplastid ﬂagellates represent a rare example of organisms transcription factors and ion channels, and thus modulates their that depend on oxidative metabolism but are heme auxotrophs. (medicinelakex1.com)
metabolism of this heme-free eukaryote, we searched for heme- There are only a few examples of facultatively anaerobic or containing proteins in its de novo sequenced genome and exam-ined several cellular processes for which heme has so far been con- pathogenic bacteria that do not require heme (10-12), but no sidered indispensable. (medicinelakex1.com)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
Mitochondria play a critical role in differentiation events in cellular systems, thus we hypothesized that mitochondrial metabolism played a central role in trophoblast differentiation. (biomed.news)
Taken together, these results highlight a central role for mitochondrial citrate metabolism in orchestrating histone acetylation and gene expression during trophoblast differentiation. (biomed.news)
Commonly the term metabolism defines the breakdown of food and how its components (carbohydrates, fats and proteins) are transformed into energy via a sequence of chemical reactions (metabolic pathways) which are controlled by large numbers of different enzymes. (oncohemakey.com)
Figure 17.1 Summary of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. (oncohemakey.com)

The blood glucose level, liver function enzymes, total protein, lipid, and cholesterol levels were significantly normalized by extract treatment. (hindawi.com)
In mammals, FA elongation depends on a set of enzymes termed elongation of very long-chain fatty acid enzymes (ELOVLs) [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Some sequences are similar to those proven to be targets for effective intervention in other protozoan parasites, and include not only proteases, antioxidant enzymes, and heat shock proteins, but also those associated with relict plastids, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and methyl erythrithol phosphate pathway components, and those involved in glycan assembly, protein folding/secretion, and parasite-host interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes themselves are proteins. (oncohemakey.com)

Hippocampal lipids were not significantly affected by APOE genotype, however levels of myelin-enriched sulfatides and hexosylceramides were significantly lower, and polyunsaturated phospholipids were higher, in rs1990622-A carriers after controlling for APOE genotype. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study demonstrates that TMEM106B protein abundance is increased with brain ageing in humans, establishes that dementia risk allele rs1990622-A predisposes to TMEM106B fibril formation in the hippocampus, and provides the first evidence that rs1990622-A affects brain lipid homeostasis, particularly myelin lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)

Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). (biomedcentral.com)
Measuring muscle protein synthesis in humans and the influence of nutritional state. (tamu.edu)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) parallels the global obesity epidemic with unmet therapeutic needs. (springer.com)
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is constantly increasing, currently affecting a quarter of people worldwide [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
Intrahepatic fat deposition has been demonstrated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (wjgnet.com)
Fatty liver is associated with reduced SIRT3 activity and mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation. (tamu.edu)

Aging and chronic disease development are multifactorial processes involving the cumulative effects of metabolic distress, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. (provivapharma.com)
In this review, we focus on the association of gene and protein of apoA5 with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and provide new insights into the physiological role of apoA5 in humans, giving a potential therapeutic target for obesity and associated disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
In humans, dysfunctional adipocytes have been considered as an important pathophysiological basis of obesity and its related chronic metabolic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, the variants of APOA5 gene in human of different ethnic groups not only influence plasma TG concentration but also have an association with the prevalence of obesity or metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)

Quantification of the contribution of various steps to the control of mitochondrial respiration. (research.com)
The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis eleganslacks the capacity to synthesize heme but is able to take it from the cytochromes respiration sterols protist bacteria it feeds on (15). (medicinelakex1.com)

In contrast, the thermally sensitive population exhibited higher basal levels of heat shock proteins and had three times fewer changes in gene expression overall. (frontiersin.org)

10% of that in control cells, due to a very rapid degradation of protein newly synthesized in the mitochondria. (rhea-db.org)

In soluble guanylyl cyclase, heme serves as a protein cofactor for fundamental cellular processes, such as as the nitric oxide sensor, and thus plays an important role in electron transport in the respiratory chain, oxidative stress re- signal transduction. (medicinelakex1.com)
Both formulations also ameliorated elevations in inflammation, oxidative stress and the loss of mitochondrial complex integrity. (provivapharma.com)

that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)

We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum . (biomedcentral.com)
The sequence encoded a novel protein rich in alanine (25%) and proline (20%), which contained regions similar to proteins of comparable amino acid composition such as extracellular matrix components or the membrane-cytoskeletal linker synapsin. (lookformedical.com)

The Atg12 protein in yeast is an indispensable polypeptide in the highly conserved ubiquitin-like conjugation system operating in the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway. (bvsalud.org)

The import of membrane proteins into peroxisomes needs PEX19 for recognition, targeting and insertion via docking at PEX3. (genome.jp)

Since adipocytes provide the largest storage depot for TG within the lipid droplets (LDs) in humans, studies have also illuminated apoA5 could target to adipocytes and regulate intracellular TG storage [ 17 , 18 ], thus exerting its beneficial effect against obesity. (biomedcentral.com)

Correspondingly, differentiation was associated with decreased expression of the mitochondrial citrate transporter (CIC). (biomed.news)

However, this pathway has only one known product, lipoic acid, which functions as a cofactor for several important mitochondrial multienzyme complexes [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Biofilm is a complex matrix made up of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria against physical, chemical, and biological stresses and allow them to survive in harsh environments. (researchgate.net)

FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)

Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)

Matrix proteins in the cytosol are recognized by peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS) and transported to the docking complex at the peroxisomal membrane. (genome.jp)

CRISPR/Cas9 disruption of the mitochondrial citrate carrier showed that CIC is required for biochemical differentiation of trophoblasts. (biomed.news)

It is obvious that the seeds of different variety of cotton vary as grown in diverse agroclimatic conditions with respect to oil, fats and protein contents. (scielo.br)

Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
In the oral cavity, polyphenols (particularly ﬂavanols and proanthocyanidins), partially released from the food matrix, are able to interact with salivary proteins rich in proline. (docksci.com)

For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)

Electron carriers (FADH 2 and NAD) enter the electron transfer chain to produce ATP. (oncohemakey.com)

Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule. (rhea-db.org)

Plant sterols are well known for their effects on blood cholesterol levels, however research into their potential role in mitigating cancer risk remains in its infancy. (mdpi.com)
As outlined in this review, the cholesterol modulating actions of plant sterols may overlap with their anti-cancer actions. (mdpi.com)

discussed in this article, showed that the N terminus of lipidated human ATG8s adopts the "closed" conformation when it interacts with the membrane in cis-membrane association, i.e. with the same membrane ATG8 is anchored to. (bvsalud.org)
A 210 kDa protein is located in a membrane-microtubule linker at the distal end of mature and nascent basal bodies. (lookformedical.com)
The protein was part of the Y-shaped fibrous linkers between the doublet microtubules and the flagellar membrane, as indicated by statistical analysis of post-labeled sections using anti-centrin and anti-tubulin as controls. (lookformedical.com)
Western Blot: SR-BI Antibody [NB400-104] - Detection of SR-BI in rat H4IIE total cell lysates and plasma membrane proteins. (novusbio.com)

A major deletion in the IDPR disrupts intactness of the UBL domain at the unconjugated C terminus, and a mutation in the predicted α0 helix in the IDPR prevents Atg12 from binding to Atg7 and Atg10, which ultimately affects the protein function in the ubiquitin-like conjugation cascade. (bvsalud.org)
This deletion did not affect the overall fatty acid composition but modified the abundance of TAG. (biomedcentral.com)

Along with the cytotoxic effector proteins, a heavily glycosylated proteoglycan is found in the secreted granule content of Cytotoxic lymphocytes, which upon analysis, led to the discovery of a small protein serglycin, named after the serine-glycine repetitions found in the centre of it protein sequence. (edu.au)
Similarity searches revealed that 55% of these had hits in protein sequence databases, of which 1,729 had their best hit with proteins from the chromalveolates (E-value ≤ 1e-5). (biomedcentral.com)

A monoclonal antibody raised against purified flagellar basal apparatuses from the green flagellate Spermatozopsis similis reacted with a protein of 210 kDa (p210) in western blots. (lookformedical.com)
Using a polyclonal antibody (anti-p210) raised against the C-terminal part of p210, it was shown that the protein was highly enriched in the basal apparatuses. (lookformedical.com)
During deflagellation the protein remained at the basal body but we observed changes in its distribution, indicating that p210 partially moved to the tip of the basal body. (lookformedical.com)

b) In cells from patient 2, the rate of degradation of newly synthesized trifunctional protein was faster than that in control cells, giving rise to a trifunctional protein amounting to 60% of the control levels. (rhea-db.org)

Variations in serum protein alter proportionately the concentration of the protein-bound and total serum calcium. (abdominalkey.com)

retained genes for the last three steps of the pathway, allowing The most abundant group of heme proteins are cytochromes them to synthesize heme from their host-derived precursors (20). (medicinelakex1.com)
Recognition of infected/transformed cells and their elimination depends strongly on the capacity of cytotoxic lymphocytes to release cytotoxic effector proteins Perforin and granzyme B. This process is known as the Granular death pathway, which has an essential role in Cytotoxic lymphocyte function and immune homeostasis since its deficiency is known to lead to pathologies related to immune misbalance, which are usually deadly to the host. (edu.au)

Opioid receptors regulate ion channels controlling K and Ca cur- rents though direct coupling with G proteins. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)

Regardless of protein intake builders using anabolic american Indian Church, however, is required to obtain federal registration annually and to comply with all other requirements of law. (me-cabo.com)

The diminution of trifunctional protein was associated with a decreased activity of enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, when measured using medium-chain to long-chain substrates. (rhea-db.org)
Taken together, the results obtained show that in both patients, long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is caused by an abnormality in the trifunctional protein, even though there is a heterogeneity in both patients. (rhea-db.org)

Conserved residues that modulate protein trans-splicing of Npu DnaE split intein. (tamu.edu)

For example, serum biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and cytokine levels, predict progression of atherosclerosis and risk of stroke. (medscape.com)

One exception is hu- humanized SCID mice, the use of al oncogenic viruses that are strictly man T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 surrogate hosts has not proven very species-specific, causing cancer in (HTLV-1): in addition to its ability to useful for defining tumour site con- humans only. (who.int)
In this combined immunodeficiency (SCID) cancer is low in these species (as it chapter, some aspects of this issue mice, in which the human target is in humans), which renders cancer are discussed. (who.int)
Human placenta-derived stromal cells decrease inflammation, placental injury and blood pressure in hypertensive pregnant mice. (tamu.edu)

A multifunctional role of Atg8-family proteins (Atg8 from yeast and human LC3 and GABARAP subfamilies, all referred to here as ATG8s) in macroautophagy/autophagy is carried out by two protein domains, the N-terminal helical domain (NHD) and ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain. (bvsalud.org)
Vegetable oils have their specific physicochemical properties due to which they are playing vital role in human nutritional diet for health benefits. (scielo.br)
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women and there remains a need for effective adjuvant therapies for this disease, for which plant sterols may play a distinctive role. (mdpi.com)

Hyponatremia increases, whereas hypernatremia decreases protein-bound calcium. (abdominalkey.com)
Changes in pH also affect protein-bound calcium, and an increase or decrease of 0.1 pH increases or decreases protein-bound calcium by 0.12 mg/dL. (abdominalkey.com)

mouse-adcl3 Mus musculus (Mouse) Arylacetamide deacetylase-like 3 , mouse-adcl4 Mus musculus (Mouse) Arylacetamide deacetylase-like 4 Hypothetical esterase/lipase/thioesterase family active site containing protein , mouse-aryla Mus musculus (Mouse) arylacetamide deacetylase and 5033417e09rik protein , mouse-b1avu7 Mus musculus (Mouse). (inrae.fr)

Anatomy18

Organisms15

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs153

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes41

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science4

Health Care3

Acids26

Acid oxidation5

Oxidation7

Synthase3

Biosynthesis1

Metabolism10

Enzymes4

Lipids3

Synthesis2

Liver4

Metabolic4

Respiration2

Heat shock pr1

Mitochondria1

Oxidative2

Macrophages1

Amino acid2

Highly conserved1

Peroxisomes1

Adipocytes1

Transporter1

Cofactor1

Bacteria1

Adipose1

Cell adhesion1

Peroxisomal1

Biochemical1

Fats and protein1

Matrix2

Induces1

Electron1

Molecule1

Cholesterol2

Membrane4

Deletion2

Sequence2

Basal3

Degradation1

Variations1

Pathway2

Regulate1

Anabolic1

Dehydrogenase2

Residues1

Cytokine1

Mice3

Role3

Decreases2

Lipase1