Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. Medical search. Frequent questions

The Trans-activator of transcription protein (Tat) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inhibits cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity in permeabilized mitochondria isolated from both mouse and human liver, heart, and brain samples. (wikipedia.org)
Rapid loss of membrane potential (ΔΨm) occurs with submicromolar doses of Tat, and cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, we systematically characterized mitochondria during disease progression starting before the onset of muscle damage, noting additional changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number and regulators of mitochondrial size. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. (nature.com)
Certain mitochondrial proteins are needed before the mitochondria can divide. (cytochemistry.net)
The Figure to the left shows mitochondrial Ribosomes as granules in the mitochondria. (cytochemistry.net)
The texts still say that mitochondria have no 5S rRNA, however the recent study cited above shows evidence for 5S in carefully prepared mitochondrial fractions. (cytochemistry.net)
Nitric oxide produced in the mitochondria can inhibit respiration by binding to cytochrome c oxidase and competitively displacing oxygen, especially in stressed or hypoxic cells. (spie.org)
Next, we investigated release of AIF and cytochrome C from isolated mitochondria by measuring immunoreactivity by dot blot. (lu.se)
The media of mitochondria treated with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h contained 50% more AIF and three times more cytochrome C than that of control mitochondria, showing that LL-37 promotes release of both AIF and cytochrome C. Moreover, in vesicles reflecting mitochondrial membrane lipid composition, LL-37 stimulates membrane permeabilization and release of tracer molecules. (lu.se)
We conclude that LL-37 is rapidly internalized by MG63 cells and accumulates in mitochondria, and that the peptide triggers release of pro-apoptotic AIF and directly affects mitochondrial membrane structural properties. (lu.se)

Mitochondrial DNA contains 37 genes, all of which are essential for normal mitochondrial function. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in at least three mitochondrial genes can cause cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, which is a condition that can affect several parts of the body, including the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), the heart, the brain, or the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
The mitochondrial genes associated with cytochrome c oxidase deficiency provide instructions for making proteins that are part of a large enzyme group (complex) called cytochrome c oxidase (also known as complex IV). (medlineplus.gov)
The protein is a subunit of Complex IV, a heteromeric complex consisting of 3 catalytic subunits encoded by mitochondrial genes and multiple structural subunits encoded by nuclear genes. (wikipedia.org)
In this study we performed a systematic sequence analysis of 7 mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome oxidase II, cytochrome oxidase III, adenosine triphosphate synthase6, ATP synthase8, cytochrome b and tRNA(His)) in 64 infertile men suffering from asthenospermia (n=31) in comparison to normospermic infertile men (n=33) from Tunisian population. (nih.gov)
Human Pseudoterranova decipiens larval infections were diagnosed by molecular analysis of mitochondrial cox 1 and nd 1 genes in 12 health check-up patients in South Korea during 2002-2020. (cdc.gov)
The larvae were confirmed to be P. decipiens s.s. by sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 ( cox 1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 ( nd 1) genes. (cdc.gov)
A total of 12 larvae (1 larva from each patient) were collected from the stomach (11 patients) or cecum (1 patient) ( Appendix Table 1) and were processed for sequencing of 2 mitochondrial genes ( Appendix ). (cdc.gov)
Studies of the gau ORF will shed light on the origin of novel genes and their functions in organelles and could also have medical implications for human diseases that are caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, this strengthens evidence for mitochondrial genes coded according to an overlapping genetic code. (biomedcentral.com)
The mitochondrial genes are arranged compactly and generally have no introns and few intergenic nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
The number of mitochondrial protein genes is believed to vary from 3 to 67, while the tRNA gene content varies from 0 to 27 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Typical triploblastic animal mtDNAs contain genes that encode the large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 13 proteins that are all components of the oxidative phosphorylation process: ATPase subunits 6 and 8 (ATP6 and 8), cytochrome b (Cyt b), cytochrome c oxidase subunits 1-3 (Cox1-3) and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1-6 and 4L (ND1-6 and 4L). (biomedcentral.com)
In view to find putative mitochondrial genes in alternative reading frames on both coding and "presupposed" non-coding strands, numerous complete mtDNA genomes have been analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
DNA was isolated and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplification of Cytochrome b and COI genes using appropriate primers. (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)
The phylogeny analysis categorized Ovis aries including Mundri sheep into three and two groups for Cytochrome b and COI genes respectively. (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)
To investigate the population source of this species, scanning entomological radar observations and insect mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes were used in this study. (bioone.org)
In yeast, 2 related COX assembly genes, SCO1 and SCO2 (synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase), enable subunits 1 and 2 to be incorporated into the holoprotein. (novusbio.com)
In addition, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes necessary for the intramitochondrial synthesis of these 13 polypeptides. (medscape.com)
A deletion anywhere in the mitochondrial genome may affect transcription or translation of genes that were not affected by the deletion. (medscape.com)

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COX6A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Summary reaction: 4 Fe2+-cytochrome c + 8 H+in + O2 → 4 Fe3+-cytochrome c + 2 H2O + 4 H+out A mutation leading to a 5 base pair deletion in the COX6A1 gene is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). (wikipedia.org)
The main objective of current study is to inculpate knowledge regarding genetic diversity of whitefly in cotton fields across Pakistan via analysis of partial DNA sequence of mitochondrial gene Cytochrom Oxidase I (mtCO1). (bvsalud.org)
O principal objetivo do presente estudo é inculpar conhecimento sobre a diversidade genética da mosca -branca em campos de algodão em todo o Paquistão por meio da análise da sequência parcial de DNA do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase I (mtCO1). (bvsalud.org)
Despite a disparity in gene content, all mtDNAs encode at least two components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, including cytochrome c oxidase I (Cox1). (biomedcentral.com)
The mitochondrial gene content is highly variable across eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
These mitochondrial responses are governed by general principles of regulatory biology exemplified by changes in gene expression, protein translation, protein complex formation, transmembrane transport, enzymatic activities and metabolite levels. (nature.com)
The key to this technique lies with the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). (ncl.ac.uk)
This is the most common of the hereditary sideroblastic anemias, followed by mitochondrial transporter defects such as SLC25A38 gene mutation discussed below. (medscape.com)

Mice lacking mitochondrial uncoupling protein are cold-sensitive but not obese. (nature.com)
The encoded protein may be involved in activation of cytochrome oxidase expression and nuclear control of mitochondrial function. (nih.gov)
CSAs involve mutations in 1 of 3 mitochondrial pathways: heme synthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
2010). Cytochrome c oxidase is regulated by modulations in protein expression and mitochondrial membrane phospholipid composition in estivating African lungfish. (uoguelph.ca)
Human Sco2 is a mitochondrial membrane-bound protein involved in copper supply for the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase in eukaryotes. (rcsb.org)
The highlighted labels are drugs that can be used to block the process and test the source of the mitochondrial protein. (cytochemistry.net)
Subcellular fractionation and Western blot disclose that stimulation with LL-37 (8 μM) for 2 h triggers release of the mitochondrial protein apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to the cytosol, whereas LL-37 causes no release of cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV of the inner mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that LL-37 affects mitochondrial membrane. (lu.se)
The protein complex provides energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient, which may be used by either MITOCHONDRIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES or BACTERIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES. (bvsalud.org)

It is a multi-subunit enzyme complex that couples the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and contributes to a proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane to drive ATP synthesis via protonmotive force. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase (COX) catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from cytochrome c to molecular oxygen and pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (novusbio.com)
The molecular machinery responsible for energy transformation is the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which is canonically composed of five multiprotein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. (elifesciences.org)

This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (medlineplus.gov)
The mtDNA mutations that cause this condition alter the proteins that make up cytochrome c oxidase. (medlineplus.gov)
These subcellular organelles contain a genome that differs from the nuclear genome and is referred to as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). (biomedcentral.com)
These essential subcellular organelles contain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is an extrachromosomal genetic element. (biomedcentral.com)
For various tRNA point mutations this threshold has been determined to be above 85% of mutated mtDNA [ In this report we studied the metabolic consequences of deficiencies of enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in skeletal muscle by applying different techniques: enzyme-activity measurements with improved methods and investigation of saponin-permeabilized muscle fibres with respirometric, fluorimetric and imaging techniques. (geometry.net)
Although its precise biological function remains unclear, its proximity to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) makes it an excellent candidate to participate in mtDNA replication, metabolism and maintenance. (mdpi.com)
Ethidium Bromide treated cells are depleted of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mtDNA encoded proteins. (cellsignal.com)
In mammals, 99.99% of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited from the mother. (cytochemistry.net)
Located within the mitochondrial matrix, and lacking the efficient repair mechanisms available to nuclear DNA, mtDNA has a relatively high rate of mutation. (medscape.com)
Kearns Sayre Syndrome (OMIM #530000) occurs as a result of large-scale single deletions (or rearrangements) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which are usually not inherited but occur spontaneously, probably at the germ-cell level or very early in embryonic development. (medscape.com)

miR-147b specifically decreases expression of NDUFA 4, a component of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) complex. (ox.ac.uk)
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, catalyzes the electron transfer from reduced cytochrome c to oxygen. (thermofisher.com)

phylogenetic trees (maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods) built using these cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences and others available from GenBank show some support for the subfamilies Cranchiinae and Taoniinae, and that within the latter, the hooked taxa group together. (tonmo.com)
The occurrence of three diverse sequences of mitochondrial COI and their absence within nuclear CS, rather suggests marker evolution of COI than a cryptic species. (awi.de)

88 of them were previously identified and reported in the human mitochondrial DNA database (www.mitomap.org) and 4 were novel. (nih.gov)
Defining the interactome of the human mitochondrial ribosome identifies SMIM4 and TMEM223 as respiratory chain assembly factors. (nih.gov)
Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. (medscape.com)

Cytochrome c oxidase 6A1 is a subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex, also known as Complex IV, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (wikipedia.org)
The Mitochondrial replication is diagrammed in the cartoon in the side bar and shown above in an electron micrograph. (cytochemistry.net)
Electron transport takes place between complexes I-IV and two mobile electron carriers (coenzyme Q and cytochrome c ). (elifesciences.org)
During electron transport, complexes I, III, and IV pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, generating a proton gradient that provides the protonmotive force exploited by complex V to synthesize ATP. (elifesciences.org)
Results from kinetic studies and electron turnover experiments suggest that Cd may bind between semiubiquinoe and cytochrome b566 of the Qo site of cytochrome b of complex III. (cdc.gov)

A. chrysaetos mitochondrial genome map. (science20.com)
In this paper, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome of Octopus conispadiceus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae). (tonmo.com)
The mitochondrial genome is a 16569 base-pair closed circular loop of double-stranded DNA found in multiple copies within the mitochondrial matrix. (medscape.com)
The mitochondrial genome encodes the genetic information for the 13 polypeptide subunits essential for the process of oxidative phosphorylation. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] The mitochondrial genome is remarkably concise, containing little noncoding capacity and no introns. (medscape.com)
[ 5 ] The deletions vary in size and location on the mitochondrial genome in different individuals, although a common deletion of 4.9kB is present in at least a third of patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. (medscape.com)

Three are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA and form the catalytic core but the function of the eleven other subunits, which are nuclear DNA encoded and unique to mitochondrial forms of the enzyme, remain unknown. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

Fig. 2: Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC1α. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Translational control of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. (nature.com)

Mitochondrial microproteins link metabolic cues to respiratory chain biogenesis. (nih.gov)
These changes can promote mitochondrial biogenesis and membrane dynamics that in turn support mitochondrial respiration. (nature.com)
Flavia Fontanesi, assistant scientist in the Department of Neurology at the Miller School of Medicine, will present "Insights into the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain: From Cytochrome c Oxidase Assembly to Respirasome Biogenesis" on Friday, July 20 at 12:15 p.m. in the Gautier Building, Room 118. (univmiami.net)

Molecular docking analysis for different enzymes involved in aging (collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and mitochondrial enzymes (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+hydrogen (H) dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase and adenosine triphosphate synthase) was carried out for epigallocatechin gallate alone (1), withaferin A alone (2), epigallocatechin gallate and withaferin A in combination (3) and a reference molecule. (ijpsonline.com)

Endonuclease G (ENDOG) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-localized nuclease. (mdpi.com)

As people age, mitochondrial DNA accumulates damaging mutations, including deletions and other changes. (medlineplus.gov)
How can a heterogeneous group of mitochondrial deletions lead to a similar phenotype? (medscape.com)
Prevalence of large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions in an adult Finnish population. (medscape.com)
Mitochondrial DNA deletions in progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. (medscape.com)

Immunohistochemical analyses using an anti-Gau monoclonal antibody revealed strict co-localization of Gau proteins and a mitochondrial marker. (biomedcentral.com)
How might you prove that material in that region was making mitochondrial proteins? (cytochemistry.net)
structure of mitochondrial DNA, we have to extract the proteins in the matrix and reveal the DNA (arrows in the figure to the right). (cytochemistry.net)

Causes and symptoms Ocular myopathy is also known as mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy with ophthalmoplegia or progressive external ophthalmoplegia. (geometry.net)

Changes in mitochondrial DNA are among the best-studied genetic factors associated with age-related hearing loss. (medlineplus.gov)
Some cases of cyclic vomiting syndrome, particularly those that begin in childhood, may be related to changes in mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a well-known pathological feature of DMD. (frontiersin.org)
However, whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs before muscle fiber damage in DMD pathology is not well known. (frontiersin.org)
We hypothesized that dystrophin deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, and that this may occur before myofiber necrosis. (frontiersin.org)
As a secondary complication to mitochondrial dysfunction, we also hypothesized metabolic abnormalities prior to the onset of muscle damage. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, mitochondrial adaptive cellular processes are important for physiological responses, including to nutrient availability, temperature and physical activity, and their failure leads to diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction such as metabolic and age-associated diseases and cancer. (nature.com)

Cytochrome c oxidase is responsible for the last step in oxidative phosphorylation before the generation of ATP. (medlineplus.gov)
A lack of functional cytochrome c oxidase disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, causing a decrease in ATP production. (medlineplus.gov)

Methyl mercaptan inhibits mitochondrial respiration by interfering with cytochrome c oxidase. (cdc.gov)
If light absorption displaced the nitric oxide and thus allowed the cytochrome c oxidase to recover and cellular respiration to resume, this would explain many of the observations made in LLLT. (spie.org)

Mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes are able to associate into quaternary structures named supercomplexes (SCs), which normally coexist with non-bound individual complexes. (elifesciences.org)

The main focus of this research is to determine the molecular phylogeny and characterization of Mundri Sheep ( Ovis aries ) through sequencing of mitochondrial Cytochrome b and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI). (veterinarska-stanica-journal.hr)

We further detected mild metabolic and mitochondrial impairments in female mdx carrier mice that were exacerbated with high-fat diet feeding. (frontiersin.org)
These results are in line with previous data and suggest that before the onset of myofiber necrosis, mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities are present within the mdx mouse. (frontiersin.org)

As a result, reactive oxygen species easily damage mitochondrial DNA, causing cells to malfunction and ultimately to die. (medlineplus.gov)
This study also examined the mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity of A. interioris , as it could contribute to our understanding of the biogeography and life history of this eel species. (scielo.br)

Schwartz M, Vissing J. Paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. (medscape.com)

2. Hartley A.M. et al (2020) Rcf2 revealed in cryoEM structures of hypoxic isoforms of mature mitochondrial III-IV supercomplexes. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

Risk of developing a mitochondrial DNA deletion disorder. (medscape.com)

Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in a variety of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. (jci.org)
Cardiac involvement in mitochondrial diseases. (medscape.com)

The activity of complexes II and III of mitochondrial ETC from liver, brain, and heart showed greater inhibition by Cd than the other complexes. (cdc.gov)

Is Type 2 Diabetes a Primary Mitochondrial Disorder? (mdpi.com)

3. Hartley A.M et al (2019) Structure of yeast cytochrome c oxidase in a supercomplex with cytochrome bc1. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

In this study, we detected aberrant mitochondrial morphology, reduced cristae number, and large mitochondrial vacuoles from both male and female mdx mice prior to the onset of muscle damage. (frontiersin.org)

Cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV (CIV) is the terminal enzyme of our respiratory chains. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. (wikipedia.org)

We will address these key questions using a combination of biochemical, biophysical and structural techniques on mitochondrial enzymes from different sources. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)

The complexes studied are Complex I (NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase), Complex II (Succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase), Complex III (Ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase), and Complex IV (Cytochrome c oxidase). (cdc.gov)

Some of the genetic changes alter single DNA building blocks (nucleotides), whereas others rearrange larger segments of mitochondrial DNA. (medlineplus.gov)

Recent studies have identified the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) as a regulator of mitochondrial function in tissues specialized for thermogenesis, such as brown adipose. (jci.org)

The following chromosomal conditions are associated with changes in the structure or number of copies of mitochondrial dna. (medlineplus.gov)
Each nucleoid may contain 4-5 copies of the mitochondrial DNA (mrDNA). (cytochemistry.net)

Anatomy18

Organisms17

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs118

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science4

Health Care1

Mitochondria11

Genes20

Gene9

Protein8

Inner mitochon3

MtDNA10

Component of the mitochondrial2

Sequences2

Human mitochondrial3

Electron5

Genome6

Subunits1

Control of mitochondrial2

Biogenesis3

Succinate dehydrogenase1

Nuclear1

Deletions4

Proteins3

Known as mitochondrial1

Changes in mitochondrial2

Dysfunction5

Oxidative phosphorylation2

Respiration2

Mammalian1

Sequencing1

Metabolic2

Species2

Inheritance1

Supercomplexes1

Deletion1

Diseases2

Inhibition1

Disorder1

Yeast1

Cristae1

Terminal2

Structural1

Complex IV1

Genetic1

Regulator1

Copies2