AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Sperm TailSpermatogenesisMitochondriaSpermatozoaTestisMitochondria, LiverMitochondria, HeartNerve Sheath NeoplasmsMitochondria, MuscleMyelin SheathMitochondrial ProteinsMitochondrial SwellingOxidative PhosphorylationMitochondrial MembranesIntracellular MembranesOxygen ConsumptionCell RespirationMicroscopy, ElectronDNA, MitochondrialMembrane Potential, MitochondrialCytochromes cMitochondrial Membrane Transport ProteinsUncoupling AgentsElectron Transport Complex IVOligomycinsMalatesAdenosine TriphosphateReactive Oxygen SpeciesApoptosisCytochrome c GroupRotenoneAtractylosideCarbonyl Cyanide p-TrifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazoneAntimycin AOxidation-ReductionElectron TransportMitochondrial ADP, ATP TranslocasesMolecular Sequence DataCalciumBiological TransportSubmitochondrial ParticlesCytosolCarbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl HydrazoneKineticsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSuccinatesProtein TransportPeripheral Nervous System NeoplasmsRectus AbdominisNADbcl-2-Associated X ProteinAmino Acid SequencePermeabilityElectron Transport Complex I
MyelinMitophagySpermNerveMidpieceOxidative stressDysfunctionGenesEnzymePowerhousesAdditionallyInhibitionDisordersRegulationBody'sCellularFunctionNervesGlial cellsFattyElectronProteinMiceGeneOuterIncreased glycolysisStructuresSymptomsCellsDiseasesEnergyBrainRolePatientsRolesCellTransportTypeFoundActivitySpecialMeans
Myelin17
  • These vitamins protect your myelin sheath* while also supporting methylation. (suzycohen.com)
  • They can form a building block of the myelin sheath. (vumc.com)
  • Axons are closely associated with glial cells which, on the one hand, surround them with an electrically insulating myelin sheath and, on the other hand support their long-term function. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They are responsible for the formation of the fat-rich myelin sheath that surrounds the nerve fibres as an insulating layer. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Vitamin B12 nourishes nerve regeneration by boosting protein synthesis and supports healthy myelin sheath insulation and nerve signaling. (nationhealthmd.com)
  • The group of diseases known as leukodystrophies are characterised by progressive loss of the myelin sheath, the fatty covering that acts as an insulator around nerve fibres. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
  • Damage to the myelin sheath impairs the conduction of signals in the affected nerves and leads to locomotor problems. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
  • Although X-ALD is a relatively rare disease with a minimum incidence of 1 in 17,000 males, there are other neurodegenerative disorders caused by myelin sheath degeneration, for example multiple sclerosis, and many others where impaired bioenergetics combined with oxidative stress and degeneration of axons are known to be involved. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
  • This myelin sheath allows for the quick transfer of electrical signals: the stronger the myelin sheath, the quicker and more powerful these electrical signals become. (goldenthinker.com)
  • Enhancing these myelin sheaths might boost our capacity for mental 'sharpness' and help a variety of cognitive processes. (goldenthinker.com)
  • In this case, the body attacks the nerves, brain, and spinal cord - specifically the myelin sheath (a fatty substance which protects and insulates healthy nerve fibres) (5). (cohohealth.com)
  • Over time this inflammation damages the myelin sheath and can lead to scarring of the nerve within the sheath. (cohohealth.com)
  • This is the first sign of MS symptoms and is due to inflammation and loss of myelin sheath. (cohohealth.com)
  • Ozone has also been shown to improve nerve healing and thicken the myelin sheath. (peakvitalitydenver.com)
  • Unknown to most people, but revealed in science many times in the last three decades, EPA is the most important Omega 3 as it supplies functional nutrients for the brain daily and is used to build up the myelin (protective sheath surrounding nerve fibres). (blogspot.com)
  • Myelin is a multi-lamellar sheath made from the plasma membrane of specialized glial cells that surrounds axons and allows for the rapid firing of action potentials in the nervous system. (grantome.com)
  • Loss of the insulating myelin sheath essential for proper nervous system function underlies symptoms in devastating human conditions, including multiple sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. (grantome.com)
Mitophagy5
  • Additionally, exacerbated type I IFN responses triggered by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), failures in mitophagy, ER-mitochondria communication and mtROS production promote neurodegeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • Propagation of paternal sperm-contributed mitochondrial genes, leading to heteroplasmy, is seldom noticed in mammals attributable to post-fertilization degradation of sperm mitochondria, known as sperm mitophagy. (eqalix.com)
  • Complementary with the binding of SQSTM1 and VCP to sperm mitochondria, two sperm-borne pro-mitophagy proteins, parkin co-regulated gene product (PACRG) and spermatogenesis related 18, underwent localization modifications after extract coincubation, which had been according to their degradation noticed inside fertilized porcine oocytes. (eqalix.com)
  • These outcomes reveal that the early developmental occasions of post-fertilization sperm mitophagy noticed in porcine zygote will be reconstituted in a cell-free system, which may grow to be a useful gizmo for figuring out extra molecules that regulate mitochondrial inheritance in mammals. (eqalix.com)
  • 5) Oleuropein, a component of Olive Oil, in addition to curcumin, is implicated in mitophagy in the brain , removing old and dysfunction mitochondria. (geresdengle.com)
Sperm9
  • Sperm mitochondrial-associated cysteine-rich protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMCP gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sperm mitochondria differ in morphology and subcellular localization from those of somatic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are elongated, flattened, and arranged circumferentially to form a helical coiled sheath in the midpiece of the sperm flagellum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, Tnfsf10 and spata18 can damage the mitochondria in sperm, which decreases sperm motility and morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We discovered that SQSTM1 was detected within the midpiece/mitochondrial sheath of the sperm tail after, however not earlier than, co-incubation with oocyte extracts. (eqalix.com)
  • VCP was distinguished within the sperm mitochondrial sheath each earlier than and after the extract co-incubation and was additionally detected within the acrosome and postacrosomal sheath and the subacrosomal layer of the spermatozoa co-incubated with extraction buffer as management. (eqalix.com)
  • Such patterns are according to our earlier commentary of SQSTM1 and VCP associating with sperm mitochondria contained in the porcine zygote. (eqalix.com)
  • Even in an interspecific mobile setting encompassing bull spermatozoa and porcine oocyte extract, ooplasmic SQSTM1 was recruited to heterospecific sperm mitochondria. (eqalix.com)
  • The sperm cell has no mitochondria, but the ovum has mitochondria. (vumc.com)
Nerve6
  • And ALCAR is vital to assist mitochondria in producing the cellular energy required for healthy nerve function and regeneration. (nationhealthmd.com)
  • ALA also plays a critical role in mitochondrial cellular energy, which is necessary for nerve regeneration and function. (nationhealthmd.com)
  • We knew that early oxidative damage and bioenergetic dysfunction underlay the late onset degeneration of nerve fibres observed in the mouse model of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), the most frequently inherited leukodystrophy, so we looked at mitochondria for further clues. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
  • Pioglitazone halted the nerve fibre degeneration by preventing the loss of mitochondria, and inhibiting metabolic failure and oxidative stress in the treated mice, and hence also halted locomotor disabilities. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
  • It is caused by optic nerve dysfunction resulting from maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. (entokey.com)
  • Orbital ultrasound, CT, and MRI can show distended optic nerve sheaths. (entokey.com)
Midpiece1
  • Due to the mitochondrial helix that forms around the core of the axoneme-outer dense fibers complex, the midpiece has a large diameter relative to the rest of the cell [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidative stress2
  • On the other hand, regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is essential for CNS health maintenance and leading to the induction of IL-10 and reduction of TNF-α secretion, increased cell viability and diminished cell injury in addition to reduced oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent studies have shown the involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial activity in AGA. (nature.com)
Dysfunction1
  • Nonetheless their association with mitochondrial dysfunction highlights this organelle as an important player during CNS homeostasis and disease. (frontiersin.org)
Genes1
  • Defects in mitochondrial genes usually come from the mother and the mother gives the defect to all her children. (vumc.com)
Enzyme2
  • If a link in this chain is missing, in this instance cytochrome oxidase, which is only functional when cells have the enzyme Cox10, the glial cells gradually lose the capacity for cell respiration in their mitochondria. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The missing or altered enzyme cannot carry out its essential role in generating glucose, which impairs the body's ability to make energy in mitochondria. (medlineplus.gov)
Powerhouses2
Additionally1
  • Additionally, we demonstrated that ZmHXK4-6 and ZmHXK9 are located in the mitochondria and their location relies on the first 30 amino acids of the N-terminal domain. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibition1
  • Within the mitochondria, thallium also causes sequestration of riboflavin resulting in the inhibition of flavin coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), impairing the electron transport chain, and further reduction of ATP. (medscape.com)
Disorders1
  • 1 in 4,000 children are born with mitochondrial disorders. (hnf-cure.org)
Regulation1
  • We show the up-regulation of PGC1a in the inner and outer root sheath (IRS/ORS) of hair follicles from AGA patients and the dynamic expression in the mouse hair cycle. (nature.com)
Body's2
  • Mitochondria convert sugar into energy and create new cells , thereby powering the body's processes. (juvenon.com)
  • They are the batteries of the body's cells (some individual cells may contain thousands of mitochondria such as in the liver, brain, heart and nerves) and they require oxygen to convert sugars, fats and other chemical fuels into ATP. (peakvitalitydenver.com)
Cellular2
  • Disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics may influence many cellular and molecular pathways, as calcium-dependent immune activation, transcription factors phosphorylation, cytokine secretion, organelle transference and even cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Riboflavin (B2) participates in the electron transport chain, a critical process within the mitochondria responsible for generating the bulk of ATP-the molecule that powers cellular activities. (ushealthcrisis.com)
Function9
  • The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the capsule associated with the mitochondrial outer membranes and is thought to function in the organization and stabilization of the helical structure of the sperm's mitochondrial sheath. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondria in brain cells need an adequate supply of manganese to generate energy efficiently, which is essential for optimal brain function. (diabetescompass.com)
  • To find out, Ursula Fünfschilling generated genetically modified mice: the function of the mitochondria was deliberately disrupted in the oligodendrocytes through the inactivation of the Cox10 gene. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In some fly models, vitamin K2 has been shown to boost mitochondrial function. (goldenthinker.com)
  • Finally, green tea extract will also promote better mitochondrial function because it contains EGCG , which blocks the production of oxidative molecules that could damage them. (juvenon.com)
  • The work of Nobel Prize winner Dr. Otto Warburg showed that decreased oxygen utilization caused by decreased mitochondrial function is the underlying factor in the development and progression of all disease processes. (peakvitalitydenver.com)
  • In order for an animal's body to function at peak efficiency, its mitochondria, which make up 10% of the body weight, need to be operating at their highest potential. (peakvitalitydenver.com)
  • Ozone Therapy can increase mitochondrial function, thereby helping the body to operate optimally and heal more effectively ( Source ). (peakvitalitydenver.com)
  • Photobiomodulation or LLLT increases blood flow and improves mitochondrial function to fight oxidative damage in the brain. (kozehealth.com)
Nerves1
  • This immune attack causes inflammation which affects electrical impulses that pass along the sheath and nerves , affecting communication between the central nervous system and the body . (cohohealth.com)
Glial cells1
  • The loss of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which started at this point, did not appear to affect the glial cells in the central nervous system. (sciencedaily.com)
Fatty1
  • Professor Aurora Pujol, a research professor for the Catalan Government Research Body ICREA, working as Director of the Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory at IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, investigated the role of mitochondria, the power plant of the cell, in adrenoleukodystrophy, a disease caused by the inactivation of the ABCD1 transporter of fatty acids in peroxisomes. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
Electron1
  • It is a component of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), coenzymes that participate in the electron transport chain-a series of reactions occurring in the mitochondria that generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. (ushealthcrisis.com)
Protein1
  • ABCD1 is a protein located in the peroxisomes, compartments of the cell that detoxify chemicals and lipids, and thus the implication of mitochondria in such a disease was not obvious. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
Mice2
  • We found that the X-ALD mice showed a loss of mitochondria at 12 months of age, prior to disease symptoms, so this could not be a consequence of the disease, but rather a contributing factor. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
  • We also knew that the pathway involved in the mitochondrial loss could be treated by the use of the diabetes drug pioglitazone, so we decided to test its effect in the mice," Professor Pujol said. (ricemasonnoble.eu)
Gene1
  • Sometimes, a child has a new mitochondrial gene defect, which is not found in the mother. (vumc.com)
Outer1
  • In an anagen human hair follicle PPARγ expression is detected in the mesenchymal DP cells, epithelial cells of the outer root sheath (ORS), inner root sheath and matrix 16 . (nature.com)
Increased glycolysis1
  • All of the more mature oligodendrocytes later appear to reduce the mitochondrial respiration and set it to energy generation through increased glycolysis. (sciencedaily.com)
Structures2
  • Mitochondria are the structures that produce the energy in all cells of the body. (vumc.com)
  • Although Nematalycidae don't have stylets, one genus has a very rudimentary type of sheath that extends around part of the pincer-like structures that have been modified into stylets in Eriophyoidea. (osu.edu)
Symptoms1
Cells6
Diseases3
  • Markers of Parkinson (PD) and Alzheimer (AD) diseases are able to induce innate immune pathways induced by alterations in mitochondrial Ca 2+ homeostasis leading to neuroinflammation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Recent research has revealed important correlation of mitochondrial dynamics and the pathophysiology of brain diseases, as Alzheimer's. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mitochondrial biology, stress signaling and aging-related degenerative diseases. (upstate.edu)
Energy4
  • This affects the final stages of sugar breakdown taking place in the mitochondria where energy is harnessed -- a process known as the respiratory chain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The scientists assume that in the early weeks of life -- a phase characterised by maximum energy requirement -- the mutated oligodendrocytes still rely on many intact mitochondria. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In addition, the lactic acid that arises in the oligodendrocytes can be given to the axons where it can be used to produce energy with the help of the axon's own mitochondria. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The mitochondria are a cell's energy factories. (blogspot.com)
Brain2
  • Ensuring that your mitochondria are functioning at their best is the first step in ensuring a healthy brain. (juvenon.com)
  • So one way to keep your brain healthy is by ensuring that your mitochondria are working at total capacity. (juvenon.com)
Role2
Patients1
  • Patients with LHON and carriers may show impaired mitochondrial metabolism within limb muscle and occipital lobes on Phosphorus-31 MRI. (entokey.com)
Roles1
  • Thus, although previously solely seen as power suppliers to organelles and molecular processes, it is now well established that mitochondria have many other important roles, including during immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
Cell3
  • This enzymatic injury results in swelling and vacuolization of mitochondrial and cell death. (medscape.com)
  • Numerous mitochondria are present, and an indefinite structure, called the accessory body, is also found in the cell protoplasm. (co.ma)
  • Another quality that makes it so powerful and effective as a healing substance is that each of the 'nano sized' nutrients are able to go directly inside a human cell and feed it at a mitochondrial level. (blogspot.com)
Transport1
Type1
Found2
  • HXK activity was detected in cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions and high Glc and Fru phosphorylating activities were found in imbibed embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PINK1-YFP R98F (green) is found localized to mitochondria (red) in the absence of the mitochondrial depolarizing agent CCCP (carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone). (cellimagelibrary.org)
Activity1
  • Considering the biochemical characteristics, location and the expression of ZmHXK4 at onset of germination, we suggest that it is the main contributor to mitochondrial activity at early germination times, at 24 h other ZmHXKs also contribute to the total activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Special1
  • Mito B Complex™ - Suzy Cohen's special mitochondrial or "mito" loving B complex. (suzycohen.com)
Means1