Mitochondria after respiratory inhibition. Medical search. Frequent questions

During the second week of lead feedings, respiration with NAD-linked substrates is inhibited in cerebellar mitochondria, but not in cerebral mitochondria, from these animals. (nih.gov)
By assessing the mitochondria respiration we found evidence proposing IU1 inhibits complex I. Our results suggests that IU1 activates AMPK in certain cell lines with the possible underlying mechanism being the inhibition of complex I of the respiratory chain. (helsinki.fi)
A study by Katyare and Satav showed that respiration rates and ATPase activity were elevated in diabetic renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
Exposure of mitochondria to micromolar concentrations of HNE caused rapid declines in NADH-linked but not succinate-linked state 3 and uncoupled respiration. (elsevierpure.com)
NO reacts with purified cytochrome c oxidase forming either a nitrosyl- or a nitrite-inhibited derivative, displaying distinct kinetics and light sensitivity of respiration recovery in the absence of free NO. Keilin-Hartree particles or cells, respiring either on endogenous substrates alone or in the presence of ascorbate, Das well as state 3 and state 4 mitochondria respiring on glutamate and malate, displayed the rapid recovery characteristic of the nitrite derivative. (uniroma1.it)
Consistent with these Atglistatin functions, the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration via chemical treatments or overexpression of transcription factors increases pluripotency, whereas activation of mitochondrial activity impairs reprogramming [10]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
In energized mitochondria, mPTP opening in sub-conductance states, at [Ca 2+ ] ≤ K a , contributed positively to the rate of respiration, without affecting ΔΨ m . (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
Uncoupling effect of MPTP opening, by itself, had no effect on phosphorylation rate, which remains relatively stable because the fall of P/O is compensated by the activation of respiratory chain and the increase in the rate of state 3 respiration. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
Suggested systems include: enhancing coronary vascular perfusion, reducing monocyte infiltration, enhancing contractile function, starting of mitochondrial K+ATP stations, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, inhibition of mitochondrial permeability changeover or inhibition of apoptosis [2]. (gasyblog.com)
The authors conclude that H2O2 affects cellular respiration by damaging mitochondria, interfering in the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP, and inhibiting glucose uptake and glycolysis. (cdc.gov)
Northwestern Medicine investigators recently discovered that the mitochondrial respiratory chain-a series of protein complexes essential for a cellular respiration and energy production-is necessary for the activation of another protein complex linked to inflammation and the progression of chronic diseases, according to a study published in Nature Immunology . (medicalxpress.com)
The immediate partial restoration of respiration upon addition of membrane-permeant dimethyl-2- oxoglutarate to inhibited cells demonstrated the absence of 2OGdehydrogenase substrate post aminotransferase inhibition.Surprisingly, the AOA (bithionol) inhibition stopped after 72 hours of 5% O2 hypoxia, and respiration was fully recovered. (pulsus.com)

As a result of the their roles in energy production, mitochondria also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may have a toxic effects in cells. (frontiersin.org)
Altered metabolism of cancer cell can be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction which involves inhibition of OXPHOS, increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting uncontrolled growth, that in turn further supports the development of a metastatic phenotype [ 13 , 14 ]. (dcaguide.org)
Previous work had demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome is regulated by mitochondria, specifically through the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), notably superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. (medicalxpress.com)

Most of the energy (ATP) generated in the mitochondria requires oxygen, but in the absence of oxygen some energy can be generated in the cytoplasm outside of the mitochondria by glycolysis , wherein a glucose molecule produces two molecules of ATP and lactate. (benbest.com)
Inhibition of LDH or lactate generation causes decrease in glycolysis with concomitant growth arrest both in vitro and in vivo . (dcaguide.org)
In mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria generate more ATP and ROS than is usually produced by glycolysis. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
Cells can also produce a quick and easy form of sugar-based energy without the help of mitochondria, through an anaerobic process called glycolysis, but a mitochondrion oxidizing the same sugar yields 15 times as much energy for the cell to use. (harvardmagazine.com)

Mitochondria could be targeted in the development of novel antidepressant drugs, and specific forms of mitochondrial dysfunction could be identified as biomarkers to personalize treatment and aid in early diagnosis by differentiating between disorders with overlapping symptoms. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, the effects of HNE on intact cardiac mitochondria were investigated to gain insight into potential mechanisms by which free radicals mediate mitochondrial dysfunction. (elsevierpure.com)

Dr Seeger discovered that cancer results from the inactivation or destruction of the most important enzyme of the respiratory chain, cytochrome oxidase (cytochrome a/a3). (positivehealth.com)

The intracellular distribution of mitochondria has been associated with the degree of stemness in adult monkey stromal stem cells [15], suggesting that their differential distribution affects the maturation of developing embryonic stem cells [16]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
No longer free-living, that bacterium evolved to become what is now the mitochondrion, an intracellular organelle. (harvardmagazine.com)
This links inhibition by electrophiles to intracellular redox status. (unipd.it)

In view of the evidence that BRB localizes in mitochondria, inhibits respiratory electron chain and activates AMPK, the observed attenuation of the replication stress-induced cellular senescence most likely is mediated by AMPK that leads to inhibition of mTOR signaling. (aging-us.com)

Among 107 genes, NDUFA7 which is a subunit of the complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain was selected for further analysis based on previous reports. (nature.com)
In the next step, four SNVs from three genes related to the mitochondrial respiratory chain were selected, which is a major source of ROS, and conducted a case-control study. (nature.com)
The aggregation of SNVs in the mitochondria respiratory chain suggests the pivotal role of those SNVs in the pathogenesis of RA with severe erosive arthritis. (nature.com)
Rotenone's toxicity in humans, animals, and fish is via inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, with cell death by apoptosis due to excess generation of free radicals. (merckvetmanual.com)
Respiratory complex I is the largest and most complex enzyme which catalyzes oxidation of NADH in electron transport chain [15] . (dcaguide.org)
Among the four respiratory complexes I through IV that comprise the electron transport chain, Complex-I and III are thought to be the major sources for superoxide generation within the mitochondria [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The inhibition of important enzymes in the respiratory energy chain of the mitochondria energy cells of our body has been proven in vitro. (bracesinbirmingham.co.uk)
Fig. 3: Translational control of mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly. (nature.com)
Lately, it was revealed that the anti-diabetic effect of metformin is associated to inhibition of complicated I within the respiratory chain of mitochondria [12,13]. (dna-alkylating.com)
Together the results suggest that the reaction of NO with cytochrome c oxidase in situ follows two alternative inhibition pathways, depending on the electron flux through the respiratory chain. (uniroma1.it)
Mitochondria depend on the activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, as mediated by respiratory complexes I, III, and IV, which drive ATP synthesis through complex V (ATP synthase) [9]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
It was concluded that under physiologically normal conditions MPTP might function as the endoge-nous mechanism of mild uncoupling of respiratory chain. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
Added fungicidal mechanisms of MK are feasible as has been demonstrated in the case of histatin five where the antifungal activity is dependent on internalization and inhibition on the respiratory chain in mitochondria (Pollock et al. (bet-bromodomain.com)
Our study revealed that inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain dampened NLRP3 inflammasome activation genetically and pharmacologically," said Navdeep Chandel, Ph.D., the David W. Cugell, MD, Professor of Medicine in the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and senior author of the study. (medicalxpress.com)
Furthermore, inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III and V-all of which are essential for proper production of energy within the cell-prevented NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (medicalxpress.com)
They also found that creatine, which is naturally produced by the body and is a widely available nutritional supplement, boosts levels of phosphocreatine, which is essential for proper energy production within cells, and is depleted by the respiratory chain inhibitors, which in turn also sustains activation of the inflammasome. (medicalxpress.com)
According to the authors, the current findings highlight that the mitochondrial respiratory chain sustains NLRP3 inflammasome activation through phosphocreatine-dependent generation of energy and is completely independent of mitochondrial ROS. (medicalxpress.com)
In a five-part respiratory chain, the organelle captures oxygen and combines it with glucose and fatty acids to create the complex organic chemical ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the fuel on which life runs. (harvardmagazine.com)
Unexpectedly, we observed that modulating the electron flow through the mitochondria respiratory chain, is indeed unsuccessful in modulating ferroptosis sensitivity. (unipd.it)
It was shown that piericidin was acting at the same site as rotenone in the NADH dehydrogenase region of the respiratory chain of beef heart mitochondria. (warwick.ac.uk)

Most of the reports suggest that complex I activity is suppressed in cancer cells and its inhibition promotes proliferation and metastasis [ 16 - 18 ] . (dcaguide.org)
Mitochondria regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, particularly in osteoblasts and adipocytes [12C14]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)

Gilkerson, R. W., Selker, J. M. L. & Capaldi, R. A. The cristal membrane of mitochondria is the principal site of oxidative phosphorylation. (nature.com)

In isolated mitochondria, previous studies have shown that myxothiazol inhibits Q cycle-mediated ubisemiquinone formation in complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase) and that ubisemiquinone can react with molecular oxygen to form superoxide. (elsevierpure.com)

an initial respiratory stimulation (probably reflecting an energy-coupled uptake of lead) and a secondary inhibition of dehydrogenases located in the mitochondrial matrix. (nih.gov)
In times of high metabolic demand and adequate availability of oxygen, elevated calcium in mitochondria can increase ATP production by stimulation of three enzymes in the Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenase. (benbest.com)
During injury stimulation, the major effects on the cardiac function may be those involving mitochondria-dominated events along with potential nucleus-governed genetic/epigenetic alternations within the cardiomyocytes as well as the macrophage-led inflammation and T-cell-led immune responses underlying the myocardium-vessel interactive cascade. (hindawi.com)

The effects include mitochondrial swelling and inhibition of respiratory function and energy (adenosine triphosphate) production. (medscape.com)
This pump is driven by the energy stored in ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) molecules manufactured in the mitochondria. (benbest.com)

The part of apoptosis in ischemic harm to the center continues to be unclear, but inhibition of apoptosis in a number of animal models offers been shown to safeguard the center from ischemic/reperfusion harm [16,17], indicating that apoptosis can donate to this center pathology. (gasyblog.com)

Inactivation of mitochondrial respiratory complexes or alteration of their critical subunits can lead to generation of mitochondrial oxidants, mitochondrial damage, and organ injury. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, one goal of this study was to determine the status of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in the rat kidney during the early stages of diabetes (5-weeks post streptozotocin injection). (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondrial complex activity assays, blue native gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE), Complex III immunoprecipitation, and an ATP assay were performed to examine the effects of diabetes on the status of respiratory complexes and energy levels in renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, of all four respiratory complexes only cytochrome c reductase (Complex-III) activity was significantly decreased, whereas two Complex III subunits, Core 2 protein and Rieske protein, were up regulated in the diabetic renal mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
and the assembly and metabolite-dependent regulation of respiratory complexes. (nature.com)

These toxins could be associated with various systemic and organ diseases due to the irreversible inhibition of the active center of many important enzymes that are important for life processes. (bracesinbirmingham.co.uk)
For instance, some studies have suggested that in addition to antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), and other traditional enzymes, novel molecular targets such as mitochondria-targeting hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) donor AP39 and its auxiliary targets have recently been identified as critical participants in H 2 S synthesis for modulating the postischemic cardiomyocyte survival in a manner independent of classical cytosolic signaling mechanisms [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Piericidin A inhibition of mitochondrial complex I on electron flow is rescued by NDI1 expression. (medicalxpress.com)

Incubation of isolated center mitochondria with triggered PKG clogged calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability changeover and cytochrome em c /em launch. (gasyblog.com)

Following chronic exposure to rotenone, fatty acid synthesis is altered in the mitochondria, resulting in fatty changes in the liver and kidney. (merckvetmanual.com)
Mitochondria produce metabolic energy by oxidizing carbohydrates, protein, and fatty acids. (harvardmagazine.com)

Mitochondria are the cellular powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, and they also regulate brain function through oxidative stress and apoptosis. (frontiersin.org)
Interestingly, inhibition of either LDH or complex I alone does not induce apoptosis, whereas inhibiting both together causes depletion in cellular ATP pool resulting in metabolic catastrophe induced apoptosis. (dcaguide.org)
The association of huntingtin with the cytoplasmic surface of a variety of organelles, including transport vesicles, synaptic vesicles, microtubules, and mitochondria, raises the possibility of the occurrence of normal cellular interactions that might be relevant to neurodegeneration. (medscape.com)

Permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening was studied under energized and deenergized conditions in rat liver mitochondria, and the effect of membrane depolarization on mPTP activity was evaluated. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)

Loss of respiratory activity reflected the inability of HNE- treated mitochondria to meet NADH demand during maximum rates of O 2 consumption. (elsevierpure.com)
Of particular interest was the inhibition by piericidin of the energy-dependant reduction of NADP+ by NADH in both beef heart submitochondrial particles and small particles derived from E. coli. (warwick.ac.uk)

Lead accumulates in the mitochondria and causes both structural and functional alterations. (medscape.com)

We hypothesized that phenformin includes a additional potent anti-cancer effect than metformin and that its anti-cancer mechanism involves the inhibition of complex I. In addition, we combined oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor, with phenformin to decrease the side-effect of lactic acidosis. (dna-alkylating.com)

Contrary to aglycemic cells, glycolytic HepG2 cells showed the conventional HIF-mediated adaptation when exposed to hypoxia, i.e., even with unlimited respiratory substrate availability for 72 hours at 5% O2. (pulsus.com)

Mitochondria are the main energy factories of eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Since mitochondria emerged from bacterial ancestors during endosymbiosis, mitochondria, and bacteria had analogous genomic characteristics, similar bioactive compounds and comparable energy metabolism pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Normal cells generate energy mainly from the oxygen-present breakdown of pyruvate within the mitochondria. (positivehealth.com)
The subject was mitochondria, the tiny energy-producing organelles inside cells. (harvardmagazine.com)

Desferrioxamine, an inhibitor of iron-catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation, delayed cell killing after each of the respiratory inhibitors. (elsevierpure.com)

The results of this study allow elucidation of the role of Cisd2 in mitochondria and suggest that this protein maintains the expression of developmental genes by affecting Wnt signaling. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)

In Sagan (1967) , first proposed the hypothesis that mitochondria evolved from bacteria. (frontiersin.org)

Cell killing, oxygen consumption, and hydroperoxide formation were determined in rat hepatocytes after glycolytic and respiratory inhibition. (elsevierpure.com)
Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting the respiratory capacity of mitochondria. (nature.com)
The 810nm light can penetrate our skull and works on nerve cell, and there is Cytochrome C Oxidase inside the Mitochondria of the cell, to promote the cell viability. (healthanalyzermachine.com)
Vamsi Mootha with an image from his lab showing thread-like mitochondria (green) moving within a cell. (harvardmagazine.com)
A mitochondrion within a pancreas cell. (harvardmagazine.com)

The shortening of the action potential duration in response to NSE and OEA occurs as the result of both potassium currents potentiation and the inhibition of incoming calcium current through calcium channels of L-type. (org.ua)
Based on the experiments, it was concluded that mitochondrial energization was required for prolonged mPTP functioning in sub-conductance states, whereas membrane depolarization promoted the transition of mPTP to inactive state during calcium release from mitochondria. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)
Perfusion of non-ischemic center with DETA/NO also produced the consequently isolated mitochondria resistant to calcium-induced permeabilisation, which protection was clogged from the PKG inhibitor. (gasyblog.com)

Fig. 4: Post-translational mechanisms governing respiratory control and the role of mitochondrial membrane dynamics. (nature.com)
An estimate of mPTP activity by cyclosporine-sensitive Ca 2+ transport under energized and deenergized conditions have shown that membrane depolarization by protonophore CCCP essentially increased initial rate ( V 0 ), at simultaneous decrease of the half-time ( t 1/2 ) of Ca 2+ efflux, which indicated mPTP activation, as compared to energized mitochondria. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)

The in vitro analysis indicated a 1.5 times increase in collagenase inhibition upon using (3) as compared to ascorbic acid (standard). (ijpsonline.com)

It was shown that bioenergetic effects of MPTP opening under steady state conditions (increase in the oxygen consumption rate under substrate oxidation without ADP, decrease in respiratory control ratio as well as the effectiveness of ATP synthesis, P/O) are close to the functional alterations, which result from the increase of endogenous proton conductance of mitochondrial membrane. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)

Isolated mitochondria demonstrated a dose dependent inhibition of ATP synthesis in the presence of H2O2, with a decrease of about 50% seen at a concentration of 0.5mM H2O2. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, considering the common ancestries, similar mechanisms, similar goals, and similar structures between gut microbiota and mitochondria ( Franco-Obregon and Gilbert, 2017 ), is it possible that neural mitochondria are direct targets of intestinal microflora and function as key mediators regulating gut-brain interaction? (frontiersin.org)

Failures of the reproductive function of cells are probably caused by the impact of NAE on the functioning of mitochondria. (org.ua)
The pattern of cytochrome c oxidase inhibition by nitric oxide (NO) was investigated polarographically using Keilin-Hartree particles, mitochondria and human neuroblastoma cells. (uniroma1.it)
Even in an era of specialization, such singular focus might seem extreme, but mitochondria are one of the most complex biological machines within cells-and arguably the most interesting. (harvardmagazine.com)
It was our goal to identify the portions of the glutaminolytic pathway that involved the aminotransferase reaction that supplied 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) to the Krebs cycle active segment with Aconitase And Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-3 (ACO-IDH3), which is typically inactive in cancer cells because citrate is exported from the mitochondria. (pulsus.com)
[ 8 ] Caspase inhibition in clonal striatal cells showed no correlation between the reduction of aggregates in the cells and increased survival. (medscape.com)

Nevertheless, the role that hyperglycemia has on renal mitochondrial respiratory complex function has not been thoroughly investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
During the progression of certain degenerative conditions, including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, mitochondria are a source of increased free-radical generation and exhibit declines in respiratory function(s). (elsevierpure.com)

In this study, we investigated the involvement of respiratory complex I and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in melanoma progression. (dcaguide.org)
We show that inhibition of complex I by metformin promotes melanoma growth in mice via elevating lactate and VEGF levels. (dcaguide.org)

Here, we proposed a new perspective of intestinal microbiota - neural mitochondria interaction as a communicating channel from gut to brain, which could help to extend the vision of gut-brain axis regulation and provide additional research directions on treatment and prevention of responsive neurological disorders. (frontiersin.org)
Fig. 1: Regulation of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. (nature.com)
We sought to elucidate the transcript profile of these Cisd2-deficient miPSCs and mitochondria-associated parameters to further evaluate the specific role of Cisd2 in transcriptional regulation. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)

Early in the course of lead feedings begun at 14 days of age, isolated cerebellar mitochondria show a loss of respiratory control. (nih.gov)
Chandel said his team is now interested in investigating how mitochondria control inflammation in the contexts of influenza and Alzheimer's disease. (medicalxpress.com)

HNE exerted its effects on intact mitochondria by inactivating α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (elsevierpure.com)

The addition of carbonyl- cyanide -m- chlorophenylhydrazone to H2O2 or untreated mitochondria resulted in an increase in oxygen consumption in the presence of succinate. (cdc.gov)

To assess mPTP activity, cyclosporine-sensitive swelling and cyclosporine sensitive Ca 2+ efflux from mitochondria was studied using light absorbance techniques. (ukrbiochemjournal.org)

The mitochondrion under normal physiological conditions and in the depression brain. (frontiersin.org)

This study also demonstrated that renal mitochondria were tightly coupled during diabetes [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Titration" of Ca 2+ transport by adding RR at different times from the onset of depolarization showed that depolarization dramatically reduced "life span" of mPTP as compared to energized mitochondria, which agreed with the kinetic characteristics of CsA-sensitive Ca 2+ transport after the abolition of ΔΨ m . (ukrbiochemjournal.org)

3. cerebellar mitochondria from animals fed lead from 14 days of age contain much more lead than cerebral mitochondria from these animals and cerebellar mitochondria from lead-fed adults. (nih.gov)
Earlier that week, he'd read about them in his pathology class, for which the definitive textbook included just a single, brief reference suggesting that mutations in mitochondria might lead to a human muscle disease. (harvardmagazine.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms8

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs86

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes30

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Respiration12

Reactive oxygen3

Glycolysis4

Mitochondrial dysfunction2

Cytochrome oxidase1

Intracellular3

MTOR1

Chain20

Proliferation2

Oxidative phosphorylation1

Inhibits1

Stimulation3

Adenosine triphosphate2

Unclear1

Complexes5

Enzymes2

Electron flow1

Incubation1

Fatty2

Cellular3

Permeability1

NADH2

Alterations1

Mechanism1

Hypoxia1

Energy4

Inhibitors1

Protein1

Hypothesis1

Cell5

Calcium3

Membrane2

Vitro1

Substrate1

Synthesis1

Targets1

Cells5

Function2

Complex2

Regulation3

Control2

Effects1

Increase1

Activity1

Depression1

Study1

Characteristics1

Lead2