Mirnas are endogenous small rnas gene expression roles micro rna that regulates. Medical search. Frequent questions

MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous, small non-coding RNAs (20-24 nucleotides) with critical roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CircRNAs are a novel class of endogenous noncoding RNA and are characterized by single-stranded, covalently closed circular molecules without 5′ to 3′ polarity and a polyadenylated tail [ 5 , 6 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-protein coding RNAs that are highly linked to various cellular functions and pathological process. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a class of endogenous small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, through both translational repression and mRNA destabilization. (jci.org)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding endogenous RNAs containing 19 to 25 nucleotides that promote posttranscriptional control in regulating the expression of target gene by binding to the 3′-UTR sequences of its mRNA [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
MicroRNAs constitute a pervasive post-transcriptional filter on protein or mRNA expression levels that are likely to control developmental timing, cellular differentiation, stress responses, metabolism and proliferation. (mdpi.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target genes through mRNA cleavage, translational repression and DNA methylation. (plantae.org)
We show that, similar to metazoan steady-state systems, endogenous miRNAs in Chlamydomonas can regulate gene expression both by destabilization of the mRNA and by translational repression. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Using prediction algorithms, they found miR-19 targets to the pro-survival functions: * PTEN tumor suppressor gene * PTEN mRNA * Sbf2 gene * Bcl7a gene * Rnf44 gene In the cell response to stress, the most important is the post-transcriptional control of the important gene expression to cell survival and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
The first class of small RNAs identified were the micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are small (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing to mRNAs where they direct either mRNA cleavage or repress translation [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The mature miRNA is then loaded onto an Argonaute protein (Ago2 in humans) where it then interacts with and regulates the mRNA target. (biomedcentral.com)
The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (cancerindex.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs, are able to regulate gene expression by translational repression or mRNA degradation of the target, thereby affecting critical functions in various physiological processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis ( 8 , 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Unlike miRNAs whose central function is to restrain mRNA translation by inducing degradation, lncRNAs can act as numerous roles to exert their functions by directly or indirectly interacting with DNA, RNA or protein, even can encode some short peptides (Fig. 3 a-d) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Each microRNA can regulate the expression of hundreds of genes by blocking mRNA translation and/or inducing mRNA decay. (thegomap.org)
As binding of miRNAs to a target mRNA may result in an airway inflammatory disease closely correlates with either mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein immune regulation, more and more evidences suggest translation.1 More than 2000 miRNAs have been discovered in humans. (cdc.gov)
Pansensitive and panresistant genes to 21 NCCN-recommended drugs with concordant mRNA and protein expression were identified. (cdc.gov)

While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important i. (researchgate.net)
While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in cardiac development and disease, their role in physiol. (researchgate.net)
Long noncoding-RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of cardiac development as well as pathological hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). (researchgate.net)
Here, we used RNAseq to identify a novel class of cardiac lncRNAs that are dynamically regulated by exercise. (researchgate.net)
Emerging evidence indicates that Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
Pseudogene, a subclass of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are considered as genomic loci that resemble real gene, but lost some functionality because they are lack of protein-coding ability because of disabling mutation, lack of transcription, or their inability to encode RNA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bioinformatics algorithms including miRCODE ( http://www.mircode.org/ ) suggest that miRNAs can interact with lncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
A series of studies indicate that lncRNAs serve as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) by sponging miRNAs, and modulate the targets of miRNAs [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Most of miR171's target genes are in the GRAS gene family, but also include some NSP, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and other genes. (bvsalud.org)
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), can function as important regulators in gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently, there has been strong interest in exploring the roles of non-coding RNAs, including circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), in the process of GC [ 2 - 4 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
ncRNAs can be classified into long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and small ncRNAs (sncRNAs) [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease. (mdpi.com)
In this review, we focus on the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs within the TIME. (biomedcentral.com)
However, few reports on genome-wide lncRNAs are available in bread wheat using high-throughput RNA sequencing. (biomedcentral.com)
Mounting evidence supports that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles during cancer initiation and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
LncRNAs are endogenous cellular molecules with more than 200nt. (biomedcentral.com)
LncRNAs are a class of ncRNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length, and although lncRNAs do not possess protein-coding capability, they play vital roles in modulating protein-coding genes at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanistically, lncRNAs have been characterized as sponges with microRNAs (miRNAs) or circular RNAs (circRNAs) and act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to reduce the regulation of their target genes [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21-24 nucleotides) sequences of RNA that reduce gene expression by promoting the breakdown of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and by repressing translation of mRNAs into proteins. (freethoughtblogs.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNA with 19-24 nucleotides (nts) in length, which play an essential role in regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. (bvsalud.org)
miRNAs are small, non-coding and single-stranded RNAs (approximately 22 nucleotides) and function as post-transcriptional regulators to modulate gene expression by sequence-specific interaction with their 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) [ 14 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 21-25 nucleotides that negatively regulate gene expression 1 , 2 , 3 . (openaccesspub.org)

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. (usda.gov)
Mature form of miRs silence gene expression by binding to the 3′-UTR of target mRNAs and initiate translational repression or cleavage of cognate mRNAs. (nature.com)
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
In particular, most miRNAs bind to target sequences located within the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of mRNAs, resulting in the cleavage of the target mRNAs or repression of their translation ( 13 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Since the mechanism of transcription of microRNA genes is similar to mRNAs, we hypothesize that in cancer cells, MTp53 alters the abundance of a subset of cellular microRNAs by regulating the activity of the above-mentioned transcription factors. (thegomap.org)
Metazoan miRNAs guide the miRISC to partially complementary sites in the 3' UTRs of target mRNAs to promote their translational repression or deadenylation and degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemically modified antimiR oligonucleotides sequester the mature miRNA in competition with cellular target mRNAs leading to functional inhibition of the miRNA and derepression of the direct targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Although more and animals and plants and regulate gene/protein expression more progressions have been made about the through direct complementarity between their 5' region pathogenesis of asthma in recent years, the increasing and the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. (cdc.gov)

We examined each of these small RNA classes with respect to the newly assembled tammar wallaby genome for gene and repeat features, salient features that define their canonical sequences, and the constitution of both highly conserved and species-specific members. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a combination of miRNA hairpin predictions and co-mapping with miRBase entries, we identified a highly conserved cluster of miRNA genes on the X chromosome in the tammar and a total of 94 other predicted miRNA producing genes. (biomedcentral.com)
This miRNA is a member of the highly conserved miR-34 family. (cancerindex.org)

Recently, increasing evidences elucidated that miRNAs was involved in the cancer pathogenesis, including cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
These microRNA are considered as oncogenes which improve proliferation, inhibits apoptosis and induce tumor angiogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
demonstrated that the expression of endogenous miR-17-92 is required to suppress apoptosis in Myc-driven B-cell lymphomas. (wikipedia.org)
We also discovered that hsa_circ_0017728 might serve as a ceRNA to sponge miR-149 and indirectly regulated the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in GC cell proliferation and apoptosis. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
For CRC, polymorphisms in the genes involved in tumor progression, apoptosis, and angiogenesis have already been extensively studied for their association with cancer susceptibility and prognosis ( 1 - 7 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Animal miRNA are involved in neuronal cell fate, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, aging, apoptosis and organ morphogenesis, suggest that miRNAs are particularly critical in the development, health, and aging of animals ( Ameres & Zamore, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that are associated with tumourigenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis ( 4 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Loss-of-function experiments support that PVT1 regulates cell apoptosis by influencing the DNA damage repair pathway after radiation, suggesting that targeting PVT1 may be a potential strategy for NPC therapy [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Micro-RNAs have been demonstrated to have multiple roles in regulating embryonic development, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. (openaccesspub.org)

50 with conserved sequences matching previously identified miRNAs and 4 novel miRNAs. (usda.gov)

This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)
We have only known that microRNAs even existed since the early 1990's, and their importance in gene regulation and development wasn't appreciated until the 2000's. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of this network, with the capacity to target multiple messenger RNAs involved in the EndMT process as well as in the regulation of disease progression. (bmbreports.org)
Besides its role in the regulation of genes, DNA methylation silences repetitive elements and appears to be important for the stability of the mammalian genome. (caister.com)
DNA methyltransferases are not limited to catalyzing DNA methylation, but also take part in the regulation of gene expression through interactions with other proteins that repress transcription and modify chromatin structure. (caister.com)
We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs of ∼ 23-mer, which have important roles in regulation of gene expression. (nature.com)
These short RNAs participate in a diverse array of cellular processes including gene regulation, chromatin dynamics and genome defense. (biomedcentral.com)
The characterization of new miRNA target genes and a unique profile for crasiRNAs has allowed for insight into multiple RNA mediated processes in the tammar, including gene regulation, species incompatibilities, centromere and chromosome function. (biomedcentral.com)
Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are all non-coding RNAs that play vital role in post-transcriptional regulation of various animals and plants ( Bartel, 2009 ). (peerj.com)
The TP53 gene encodes a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in many cellular responses through direct regulation of hundreds of target genes. (thegomap.org)
MicroRNAs are an abundant class of small non-coding RNAs that play key roles in gene regulation. (thegomap.org)
Our findings suggest that the increased invasiveness of MTp53 cells could be partly mediated by increased levels of oncogenic microRNAs and down-regulation of tumor suppressor microRNAs. (thegomap.org)
Having identified the common set of microRNAs regulated by MTp53, we will next investigate (1) whether candidate microRNAs are also regulated by other aggressive mutants of p53 (such as R175H) (2) changes in transcription and regulation of candidate microRNA genes by MTp53 and MTp53-interacting transcription factors such as E2F1, ETS1 and p63/p73. (thegomap.org)
Generally, the regulation of target genes by miRNAs occurs through binding with the 3′-untranslated region (UTR). (spandidos-publications.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small (approximately 22 nt) endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of asthma, the goal of this study is to summarize recent researches on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma. (cdc.gov)
MicroRNAs not only participate in determining DCs phenotype and then naive T lymphocyte differentiation, but also participate in the regulation of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. (cdc.gov)
Zhang et al cytokines, mediators and signals and closely related to demonstrated that microRNA let-7i was upregulated immune regulation. (cdc.gov)
DC demonstrated that miRNAs participate in airway maturation, while downregulation of let-7i significantly inflammatory regulation in asthma. (cdc.gov)

MiR-17-92 cluster was identified to encode 6 single mature miRNA (miR-17, [1], miR-19, miR-20, miR-92, miR-106) containing the first oncogenic miRNA. (wikipedia.org)
The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. (cancerindex.org)

Micro RNAs (MiRNAs) are endogenous, small RNA molecules that were identified in a wide range of eukaryotes. (usda.gov)
TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation because they induce inflammatory cytokines and other endogenous molecules to defend against pathogenic microbial infection [ 8 , 9 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Small RNAs have proven to be essential regulatory molecules encoded within eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and play a critical role in gonadal differentiation as well as early development of animals. (peerj.com)
Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down experiments were used to examine the mechanisms interaction between molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the limitations of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function, different urinary and serum proteins, molecules, and, most recently, microRNAs have been rigorously investigated over the past decade as possible biomarkers for kidney disease. (medscape.com)

The lncRNA TMPO-AS1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the miR-1179/E2F2 axis [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, circRNAs have four major functions, including as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to sponge microRNAs (miRNAs), interaction with RNA binding proteins to regulate the cell cycle and proliferation and the management of gene transcription and protein translation [ 8 , 9 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Recent studies have shown that microRNAs regulate several cancer-related biological processes, including enhanced proliferation, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. (thegomap.org)
Experimentally confirmed target genes were identified for the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, from which proliferation genes were selected from CRISPR-Cas9/RNA interference (RNAi) screening assays. (cdc.gov)

ncRNAs play important roles in controlling gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. (ijbs.com)
Background: As microRNAs play important roles in cancer development and progression by regulating the expressions of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes though interacting with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target genes, we aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variants of miRNAs and their binding sites and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). (iiarjournals.org)
Increasingly evidences suggest that long intergenic ncRNAs (lincRNAs) are developmentally regulated and play important roles in development and stress responses of plants. (biomedcentral.com)
The results of the present study indicate that microRNAs play important roles in regulating asthma immune responses. (cdc.gov)

In addition to being involved in plant growth and development, hormone signaling and stress response, miR171 also plays multiple and important roles in plants through interactions with microbe and other small-RNAs. (bvsalud.org)
Taken together, our findings indicate that the lincRNA of wheat responded to Bgt and Pst stress and played important roles in splicesome and inter-regulating with miRNA. (biomedcentral.com)

In this study, the prognostic relevance of miR-140-5p in GC was investigated and YES1 was identified as a novel target of miR-140-5p in regulating tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this study is to investigate the key regulatory miRNA-486-5p and underlying molecular mechanisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progression. (researchsquare.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to mediate gene expression participating in the progression of multiple cancers, including gastric carcinoma (GC). (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
In our study, hsa_circ_0017728 as a potential oncogene competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) was investigated in the progression and development of gastric carcinogenesis. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
This miRNA functions as a tumor suppressor and dysregulation or loss of the host gene from which this miRNA is processed is associated with cancer progression in numerous cell types. (cancerindex.org)
Our study uncovered a novel molecular mechanism of lncRNA SNHG4 in driving prostate cancer progression and enzalutamide resistance, revealing the critical roles and therapeutic potential of RREB1, SNHG4, RRM2 and let-7 miRNAs in anticancer therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of our study was to evaluate if there is differential microRNA (miRNA) expression in various tumor subtypes during this progression. (openaccesspub.org)
Combined with miRNAs-based transcriptome sequencing assay, it was found that Tanshinone IIA downregulated miR-125b level and upregulated its target gene STARD13 (StAR-related lipid transfer protein 13) level, thus inactivating the miR-125b/STARD13 axis, which had been previously confirmed to promote breast cancer progression. (biomedcentral.com)

In this Review, we summarize current knowledge of miRNA biogenesis and function and discuss in detail the role of miRNAs in kidney morphogenesis and developmental kidney diseases, including congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and Wilms tumor. (jci.org)
In normal cells, wild-type p53 has been shown to enhance the biogenesis of some microRNAs during DNA damage. (thegomap.org)

In addition, 13 miRNAs were computationally predicted from the rainbow trout transcriptome. (usda.gov)
Notably, circRNAs display cell-type, tissue-type and developmental-stage specific expression patterns in eukaryotic transcriptome, which reveals their significant regulatory functions in gene expression. (ijbs.com)
However, it has been proven that more than 62% of genomic DNA serves as a template for transcription, which indicates that there are abundant non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human transcriptome [ 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
MiRNAs-based transcriptome sequencing and data analysis, online dataset analysis, luciferase reporter assay combined with rescuing experiments were constructed to explore the underlying mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)

Many ncRNAs have critical roles in tumorigenesis, and some ncRNAs function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to perturb gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)

The first seven chapters describe the different biological mechanisms of the epigenetic machinery including: DNA methylation, histone tails, chromatin structure, nucleosome occupancy, Polycomb group proteins, siRNAs and miRNAs. (caister.com)
1) Characterize novel families of oncoproteins (Pbx and Meis) that dimerize with and regulate the DNA binding properties of Hox proteins. (stanford.edu)
Thus, stress response studies during these growth stages reveal novel differentially regulated genes or proteins with important functions in plant stress adaptation. (intechopen.com)
Inhibition of miR‑132 activated PGC‑1α/Nrf2 signalling and inhibited oxidative stress and the expression of the pyroptosis‑related proteins NLRP3, caspase‑1 and IL‑1β, which were all reversed by inhibiting SIRT1 with EX527. (spandidos-publications.com)

About 30% of the human protein-coding genes are negatively regulated by miRNAs which suggests that they have a major role in regulating gene expression. (usda.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an endogenous group of small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally repress the expression of protein-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Considering that various protein coding genes are targeted by one miRNA, researchers should determine the mechanisms of miR-140-5p mediated phenotypic changes in GC cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we provide a comprehensive global analysis of the evolutionarily distant unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to quantify the effects of miRNA on protein synthesis and RNA abundance. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Ectopic expression of miR-19 represses CYLD expression, while miR-19 inhibitor treatment induces CYLD protein expression and decreases NF-kB expression in the downstream signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Its targets are: * Bim (Bcl2L11) gene * AMP-activated kinase (Prkaa1) gene * E2F1 gene * the tumour suppressor phosphatases PTEN * PP2A (Ppp2r5e) gene * Dock5 protein MiR-19b coordinates a PI3K pathway acting on cell survival in lymphocytes contributing to leukaemogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, gene expression and protein levels in GC tissues and cell lines were measured using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Studies of human genome demonstrate that protein-coding genes only occupy less than 2% of the entire genome [ 1 ]. (ijbs.com)
Despite high protein expression and enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) in renal cell cancer (RCC), its functional significance has not been elucidated. (oncotarget.com)
An inverse association was also observed between the expression levels of miR-200c and CYP1B1 protein in RCC tissues. (oncotarget.com)
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (cancerindex.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Most human tumors carry missense mutations in the TP53 gene and a majority of the tumors retain the full-length p53 protein. (thegomap.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
miRNAs are either expressed from independent transcriptional units or derive from introns of protein-coding genes or exons or introns of long ncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
The miRNA duplexes are loaded into an Argonaute protein in the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) and rapidly unwound. (biomedcentral.com)
Pre-miRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm by Exportin-5 and processed further by Dicer, to ~22 nt double-stranded miRNA duplexes that are loaded into an Argonaute protein in the miRISC and rapidly unwound. (biomedcentral.com)
qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect the gene and protein expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

A cis-regulatory element (CRE) analysis suggested that the euAP2 s were involved in the response to light, hormones, stress, and developmental processes including circadian control, endosperm and meristem expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Research advances have demonstrated the crucial regulatory roles of miRNAs in many diseases, including COPD [ 13 , 14 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Additionally, the two crops had different root regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) to N deficiency. (frontiersin.org)
Recent studies have suggested that eukaryotic genomes encode a large number of functional transcripts of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including housekeeping and regulatory RNAs [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the most pressing questions regarding this unusual class of regulatory microRNA-encoding genes is how their expression is regulated. (thegomap.org)

MiRNAs are most often identified through computational prediction from genome sequences. (usda.gov)
The rainbow trout genome sequence is not available yet, which does not allow miRNA prediction for this species which is of great economic interest for aquaculture and sport fisheries, and is a model research organism for studies related to carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. (usda.gov)
Conclusion: The rainbow trout miRNAs identified and characterized in this study provide a new tool for functional genome research in salmonids. (usda.gov)
Within the human and mouse genome there are three copies of this microRNA that are processed from multiple predicted precursor hairpins: mouse: * miR-19a on chromosome 14 (MI0000688) * miR-19b-1 on chromosome 14 (MI0000718) * miR-19b-2 on chromosome X (MI0000546) human: * miR-19a on chromosome 13 (MI0000073) * miR-19b-1 on chromosome 13 (MI0000074) * miR-19b-2 on chromosome X (MI000075). (wikipedia.org)
In this study, 19 euAP2 and four miR172 genes were identified in the B. napus genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Whole genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication events played a major role in the expansion of the euAP2 gene family. (biomedcentral.com)
As part of the genome sequencing initiative for the tammar, we have explored the evolution of each of the major classes of mammalian small RNAs in an Australian marsupial for the first time, including the first genome-scale analysis of the newest class of small RNAs, centromere repeat associated short interacting RNAs (crasiRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
Mapping all miRNAs to the tammar genome and comparing target genes among tammar, mouse and human, we identified 163 conserved target genes. (biomedcentral.com)
This study encompasses the first analyses of the major classes of small RNAs for the newly completed tammar genome, validates preliminary annotations using deep sequencing and computational approaches, and provides a foundation for future work on tammar-specific as well as conserved, but previously unknown small RNA progenitors and targets identified herein. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNA genes reside in regions of the genome as distinct transcriptional units as well as in clusters of polycistronic units. (thegomap.org)
It is one of the largest gene families accounting for approximately 1% of the genome and regulate approximately 1/3rd of all human genes 4 , 5 , 6 . (openaccesspub.org)

CircRNAs are predominantly generated in eukaryotes via four cyclized models: back-spliced exons, circular intronic RNAs, exon-intron circRNAs and intergenic circRNAs [ 7 , 8 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Molecular mechanistic investigation has demonstrated that circRNAs mainly function as miRNA sponges to neutralize miRNAs levels and regulate their downstream targets in the tumorigenesis of cancer, including GC [ 2 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotic cells during post-transcriptional processes. (ijbs.com)
Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs form covalent-closed continuous loops without 5' to 3' polarities and poly (A) tails. (ijbs.com)
More importantly, circRNAs serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges and crucial regulators of gene expression. (ijbs.com)
CircRNAs exhibit altered expression under pathological conditions and are strongly associated with the development of various human diseases. (ijbs.com)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel member of the lncRNA kingdom, are generated by non-sequential backsplicing of exons, introns or a combination of both [ 7 - 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
CircRNAs were first identified in RNA viruses in the 1970s [ 12 - 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
Recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technologies and microarray techniques enable scientists to conduct comprehensive analyses on the abundance, composition, expression profile and molecular function of circRNAs [ 16 ]. (ijbs.com)

We now have identified and characterized 54 miRNAs from rainbow trout somatic tissues and profiled their expression patterns. (usda.gov)
Results: To identify miRNAs from rainbow trout, we constructed a miRNA library from a pool of nine somatic tissues. (usda.gov)
Real-time PCR was used to measure miRNA expression patterns in adult somatic tissues and unfertilized eggs. (usda.gov)
The expression of miR-455 was lower in HCC tissues and cell lines than in nontumor tissues and normal cell line, and downregulation of miR-455 was connected with worse outcome of HCC patients. (hindawi.com)
RAB18 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, and the expression of RAB18 was regulated by miR-455. (hindawi.com)
All the fresh tissues were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C until RNA extraction. (hindawi.com)
Compared with that in adjacent normal tissues, miR-140-5p expression decreased in cancerous tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the expression level of YES1 in GC tissues remains controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
observed the upregulation of YES1 expression in GC tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues, but Wang et al. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we found that PTTG3P was up-regulated in HCC tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNA from miR-19 family can be expressed from: * T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia * B-cell lymphomas * Cell lines * Cerebellum * Purkinje cells * HeLa cells Finally they have tissues-specific miRNA expression. (wikipedia.org)
Expression analysis of the miR172-targeted euAP2s in nine different tissues showed diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results demonstrated that the hsa_circ_0017728 expression level was up-regulated in GC tissues and cell lines and closely associated with poor overall survival and pathological differentiation, higher TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
Recent research has revealed that PVT1 is up regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and its overexpression predicts a poor prognosis for NPC patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Bioinformatic analyzing approaches were used to identified the over-expressed genes in prostate cancer tumor tissues from three GEO datasets. (biomedcentral.com)
Simple Summary: This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that can accurately detect lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues. (cdc.gov)
Based on the consistent expression patterns associated with patient survival outcomes and in tumors vs. normal lung tissues, 10 miRNAs were considered to be putatively tumor suppressive and 4 miRNAs were deemed as oncogenic in lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
This study identified a set of 73 microRNAs (miRNAs) that classified lung cancer tumors from normal lung tissues with an overall accuracy of 96.3% in the training patient cohort (n = 109) and 91.7% in unsupervised classification and 92.3% in supervised classification in the validation set (n = 375). (cdc.gov)

I am molecular and cellular biologist with expertise in virus and microRNAs. (researchgate.net)
Therefore, it is important to describe their mechanisms of actions, expression patterns and possible target genes and cellular pathways with which they interact. (mdpi.com)
MiRNAs are reported to involved in multiple cellular processes [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
miR-34a was found to be up-regulated in small airway fibroblasts in COPD patients compared to non-smokers, and miR-34a could promote cellular senescence in small airway fibroblasts in COPD patients [ 15 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a member of the sirtuin family, regulates the cellular ageing process, participates in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and is related to cancer development ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many developmental and cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Developmental genes, especially Hox genes, turned out to be remarkably conserved across lineages that diverged over half a billion years ago. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
Dysregulation of miRNA expression disrupts early kidney development and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of developmental kidney diseases. (jci.org)

Luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay were carried out to detect the interaction between miR-383 and LncRNA PTTG3P. (biomedcentral.com)
Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to verify the RNA-RNA interactions. (biomedcentral.com)

Mechanistically, PTTG3P upregulated the expression of miR-383 targets Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase 2 (PARP2) by sponging miR-383, acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
Aberrant miRNA expression in smokers compared to non-smokers and COPD compared to normal was analyzed using microarray datasets and reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). (researchsquare.com)
RNA polymerase II transcribes microRNA genes, generating long primary transcripts. (thegomap.org)
miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II into long primary miRNA transcripts, termed pri-miRNAs that are usually several kilobases long and possess a 5' CAP and a poly(A) tail. (biomedcentral.com)

Potential miRNA-target interactions were computationally predicted and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the miRNAs and their target sites in the rainbow trout transcripts. (usda.gov)

Accumulating evidences have elucidated connection between the expression of GTPases members and several diseases, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
To further establish the role of MTp53 in regulating microRNAs expression, we will knockdown endogenous MTp53 in lung, breast and colorectal cancer cell lines and perform deep sequencing. (thegomap.org)
The previous work has shown that Tanshinone IIA could ameliorate inflammation microenvironment in colorectal cancer via repressing miRNA-155 expression ( 8 ) and exert an anti-angiogenic effect in vascular endothelial cells via inhibiting the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This review highlights the current fund of knowledge regarding the known links between miRNAs and the EndMT process, with a focus on the mechanism that regulates associated signaling pathways and discusses the potential for the EndMT as a therapeutic target to treat many diseases. (bmbreports.org)
Gene mutations and aberrant signaling pathways play key roles in GBC tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
The identification of microRNAs regulated by multiple p53 mutants in a panel of cell lines will be indicative of key pathways relevant to mutant p53-mediated tumorigenesis. (thegomap.org)
In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)

Although they are structurally similar, plant and animal microRNAs repress gene expression through very different mechanisms. (freethoughtblogs.com)
In conclusion, N deficiency significantly affected the morpho-physiological characteristics of roots that were regulated by miRNAs, but the miRNA-mediated mechanisms were different in wheat and cotton. (frontiersin.org)
Contemporary studies have elucidated mechanisms behind tHO and FOP and have described new distinct niches independent of inflammation that regulate ectopic bone formation. (jci.org)
The present study aimed to investigate the roles of miR‑132 in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
This work aims to explore the roles and underlying mechanisms of Tanshinone IIA in breast cancer stemness. (biomedcentral.com)

Herein, to provide better understanding of the molecular events in GBC pathogenesis, we developed GBCdb ( http://tmliang.cn/gbc/ ), a user-friendly interface for the query and browsing of GBC-associated genes and RNA interaction networks using published multi-omics data, which also included experimentally supported data from different molecular levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, there is now ample evidence that perturbations in the levels of individual or entire families of miRNAs are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of a wide range of human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding the roles of Asthma is a worldwide problem, the prevalence of miRNAs in asthma pathogenesis may also aid to asthma ranged from 1% to 18% of the population in explore new therapeutic targets. (cdc.gov)

Of these, three miRNAs were differentially expressed miRNAs and 18 miRNAs involved in sexual differentiation as determined by functional analysis with GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis. (peerj.com)
miR-494 and miR-125a-5p were found to be differentially regulated in tumors with an anaplastic component and even the well-differentiated component (FTC) of these tumors were found to be aligned with the anaplastic profile. (openaccesspub.org)
In addition, we also discovered some differentially regulated miRNAs in follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma as compared to follicular thyroid carcinoma (miR-486-5p and miR-31). (openaccesspub.org)

RAB18, a member of Ras-related small GTPases family, belongs to members of the Ras oncogene superfamily of small guanosine triphosphatases [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)

Circulating extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs) are an emerging class of biomarkers with target-organ epigenetic effects. (researchgate.net)
Identification of sequence variations in the miRNA -target interactions may be particularly useful for rainbow trout breeding programs. (usda.gov)
However, unlike metazoan miRNA where target site utilization localizes mainly to 3′ UTRs, in Chlamydomonas utilized target sites lie predominantly within coding regions. (freethoughtblogs.com)
qPCR and Western blot were used to analyze LncRNA PTTG3P, miR-383 and other target genes' expression. (biomedcentral.com)
The miR172 and its target euAP2 genes are involved in the process of phase transformation and flower organ development in many plants. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the roles of miR172 and its target AP2 genes remain largely unknown in Brassica napus ( B. napus ). (biomedcentral.com)
MiR172 and its target genes play key roles in flowering time and floral organ differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
The miRNA functions by regulating the expression of target genes. (bvsalud.org)
This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
An additional nine genes were identified in tammar that do not have an orthologous miRNA target in human and likely represent novel miRNA-regulated genes in the tammar. (biomedcentral.com)
Restoration of docetaxel resistance by exogenous expression of CYP1B1 in miR-200c-over-expressing cells indicates that CYP1B1 is a functional target of miR-200c. (oncotarget.com)
Results: Among seven target variants, rs1044129 at the miR-367 binding site of calcium channel ryanodine receptor gene 3 (RYR3) was associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) for colon cancer patients as a recessive model in a univariate analysis. (iiarjournals.org)
Additionally, 101 DE-lincRNAs were predicted as targets of miRNA by psRNATarget, while 5 target mimics were identified using target mimicry search in TAPIR. (biomedcentral.com)
Among the miRNAs up-regulated in H1299-MTp53 cells and these cell lines expressing p53shRNAs, was the oncogenic miRNA miR-155, a recently discovered target of MTp53. (thegomap.org)
Furthermore, we describe the most commonly used in vivo delivery strategies and discuss different approaches for assessment of miRNA inhibition and potential off-target effects. (biomedcentral.com)
RREB1 was demonstrated to transcriptionally regulate SNHG4, and RREB1 was also validated to be a target of let-7a and thereby regulated by the SNHG4/let-7a feedback loop. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that beta-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)

The aberrant expression of microRNA-140-5p (miR-140-5p) has been described in gastric cancer (GC). (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to these inconsistent findings, the underlying causes of aberrant YES1 expression in GC are unclear. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, some recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between the aberrant expression of miRNAs and CRC susceptibility, prognosis, and responsiveness to treatment ( 10 - 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)

MiRNAs are approximately 19- to 25-nucleotide estimated about 250,000 and mortality does not appear single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that exist in both to correlate well with prevalence. (cdc.gov)

To identify miRNAs that potentially cause the resistance to taxanes, such as PTX, we performed microarray analysis of miRNAs in KFr13 and PTX-resistant KFr13Tx cells. (nature.com)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-24 nt long non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. (researchsquare.com)

GBCdb will help to elucidate the potential biological roles of different RNAs and allow for the exploration of RNA interactions in GBC. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings provide a platform to improve understanding of the detailed multi-omics RNA landscapes of GBC, especially for GBC-associated RNA interactions, which will support future studies on cancer treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

Many enlightening and forecasting studies highlight the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of malignant tumors [ 14 , 15 ]. (archivesofmedicalscience.com)
These studies have also addressed the various diagnostic and prognostic implications of micro-RNAs in thyroid carcinomas. (openaccesspub.org)

We obtained 254 known and 141 novel miRNAs, and randomly validated five miRNAs. (peerj.com)

In this review, we focus on the use of antisense oligonucleotides (antimiRs) in miRNA inhibition for loss-of-function studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we summarize recent progress in antimiR mediated pharmacological inhibition of disease-associated miRNAs, which shows great promise in the development of novel miRNA-based therapeutics. (biomedcentral.com)

Indeed, disease-associated miRNAs represent a new class of targets for the development of miRNA-based therapeutic modalities, which may yield patient benefits unobtainable by other therapeutic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, microRNAs are also shown to be targets for asthma therapy in the future. (cdc.gov)

miR‑132 directly targeted SIRT1 and negatively regulated the expression of SIRT1. (spandidos-publications.com)

Extracellular small non-coding RNAs (exRNAs) have been associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and we hypothesized that they are associated with post-MI LVRm phenotypes. (researchgate.net)
TAM family members (TYRO3, AXL and MERTK) play essential roles in the resolution of inflammation and in infectious diseases and cancer. (cancerindex.org)

In some of these species the presence of miR-19 microRNAs have been directly measured, in other species genes have been identified with sequences that are predicted to encode miR-19. (wikipedia.org)
APETALA2 -like genes encode plant-specific transcription factors, some of which possess one microRNA172 (miR172) binding site. (biomedcentral.com)

Each class of small RNAs is synthesized by a distinct mechanism and each has discrete biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)

MiR-19 has been identified as a key responsible for the oncogenic activity, reducing the tumor suppressor gene PTEN expression and activating AKT/mTOR pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Using this strategy, we found that MTp53 expressing H1299 cells had significantly increased expression of several oncogenic microRNAs and decreased abundance of select tumor suppressor microRNAs. (thegomap.org)
We also found that the tumor suppressor miRNA, let-7, was significantly down-regulated by mutant p53 in all the cell lines that tested. (thegomap.org)

SncRNAs are less than 200 nt in length, consisting of microRNAs (miRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs or esiRNAs) and transcription initiation RNAs (tiRNAs) [ 6 ]. (ijbs.com)
A survey of the tammar gonadal piRNAs shows that these small RNAs are enriched in retroelements and carry members from both marsupial and tammar-specific repeat classes. (biomedcentral.com)
Another class of important small RNAs is the piRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

Tissue-specific miRNAs may be evaluated to serve as molecular markers predictive of specific functional and diagnostic implications. (usda.gov)
In conclusion, this work is the first report of sex-biased miRNAs expression in the budgerigar, and provides additional sequences to the avian miRNAome database which will foster further functional genomic research. (peerj.com)
However, identification of lincRNAs in wheat is still limited comparing with functional gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Wang M, Yu F, Wu W, Zhang Y, Chang W, Ponnusamy M, Wang K, Li P. Circular RNAs: A novel type of non-coding RNA and their potential implications in antiviral immunity. (ijbs.com)

Additionally, miR-200c, which is significantly down-regulated in RCC regulates CYP1B1 expression and activity. (oncotarget.com)

Thus, the pivotal roles of miR-455 in cell viability and metastasis in HCC still needed to be explored. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Class of endogenous4

MRNA13

LncRNAs19

Nucleotides4

MRNAs8

Highly conserved3

Apoptosis9

Conserved sequences1

Regulation22

Mature miRNA2

Molecules6

Proliferation4

Play important roles4

Important roles2

Progression8

Biogenesis2

Transcriptome4

CeRNAs1

Proteins4

Protein20

Regulatory5

Genome11

CircRNAs9

Tissues18

Cellular7

Developmental3

Luciferase reporter assay and RNA2

Polymerase4

Transcripts1

Colorectal cancer3

Pathways4

Mechanisms5

Pathogenesis3

Differentially3

Oncogene1

Target17

Aberrant3

Single-stranded1

Identify miRNAs1

Transcriptional1

Interactions2

Diagnostic and prognostic2

Novel miRNAs1

Inhibition2

Targets2

Negatively regulated1

Inflammation2

Encode2

Biological1

Tumor suppressor3

PiRNAs3

Functional3

Circular1

Significantly down-regulated1

Metastasis1