• In this work, we present a different paradigm for predicting miRNA-regulated genes based on the encoded proteins. (frontiersin.org)
  • We conclude that duplicated paralogous genes that often changed their function, also diverse in their tendency to be miRNA regulated. (frontiersin.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate genes across all animals and plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Their ability to maintain cell and tissue homeostasis is critical, with many miRNA genes implicated in human diseases such as metabolic, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases ( Vishnoi and Rani, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • As a consequence, both factors are transported to the nucleus to induce the expression of their target genes. (hindawi.com)
  • About 30% of the human protein-coding genes are negatively regulated by miRNAs which suggests that they have a major role in regulating gene expression. (usda.gov)
  • To identify pro-apoptotic genes targeted by the five anti-apoptotic miRNAs, I validated one previously published target and identified nine novel targets by performing photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) in the EBV+ NPC cell line C666. (duke.edu)
  • Next, I thoroughly demonstrated that the 10 candidate target genes were substantially suppressed by expression of the relevant miR-BARTs, as measured by 3'UTR-containing firefly luciferase (FLuc) expression, mRNA and protein levels, and knockdown of seven of the 10 candidate genes could suppress apoptosis, mimicking the effects of relevant miR-BARTs. (duke.edu)
  • On the other hand, in order to identify miR-BARTs that can activate the Wnt signaling pathway, I analyzed the PAR-CLIP data set of C666 cells and discovered nine anti-Wnt signaling targets of miR-BARTs, including seven novel genes and two pro-apoptotic genes identified above. (duke.edu)
  • Using FLuc 3'UTR indicator assays, I proved that the 3'UTRs of all seven newly identified anti-Wnt signaling genes were indeed targeted by the relevant miR-BARTs identified by PAR-CLIP. (duke.edu)
  • There is evidence that clearly demonstrates that, apart from genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, the dysregulation of miRNAs may also contribute to the aberrant activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in human carcinogenesis ( 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Prediction of target genes of 3 miRs, confirmed in all HCV clones, was performed by means of miRGator program. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Microarray analysis revealed that 37 out of 1981 genes, predicted targets of the 3 miRs, showed an inverse expression relationship with the corresponding miR in HCV clones, as expected for true targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present findings reveal that 3 IFN-β-regulated miRs and 37 genes, which are likely their functional targets, were commonly modulated by HCV in three replicon clones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNA genes (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post - transcriptionally regulate the expression level of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multiple miRNA-mRNA prediction databases were searched by differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to obtain pairs of a miRNA-DEG regulatory network. (frontiersin.org)
  • It regulates Sp7 protein expression and induces expression of major bone matrix protein genes, such as Col1a1, Spp1, Ibsp, Bglap2, and Fn1 ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • ADARs have been shown to contribute to disease pathologies by editing of glutamate receptors, editing of serotonin receptors, mutations in ADAR genes, and by other mechanisms, including recently identified regulatory roles in microRNA processing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: As microRNAs play important roles in cancer development and progression by regulating the expressions of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes though interacting with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target genes, we aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variants of miRNAs and their binding sites and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). (iiarjournals.org)
  • For a common molecular biologist this panorama represents yet another level of complexity to its every day work since there is no single answer to the questions of what are the target genes for a single miRNA? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Up to 30% of human protein-coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this study, expression of mature miR159 was successfully suppressed by STTM which resulted in the increased expressions of its two targets genes, OsGAMYB and OsGAMYBL1 (GAMYB-LIKE 1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between wild type plants and STTM159 transgenic plants showed that genes involved in cell division, auxin, cytokinin (CK) and brassinosteroids (BRs) biosynthesis and signaling are significantly down-regulated in STTM159 plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further analysis from the RNA-seq data showed that the decreased cell divisions in STTM159 transgenic plants may result, at least partly from the lower expression of the genes involved in cell cycle and hormone homeostasis, which provides new insights of rice miR159-specific functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some plant miRNA families have many members, and their mature miRNAs often have multiple target genes having similar complementary sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Investigation of hub genes for the development of potential therapeutic targets and candidate biomarkers is warranted. (nature.com)
  • The mRNA expression of diagnostic genes was determined by qRT-PCR analysis. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we constructed the drug, transcription factors (TFs), and microRNA network of the diagnostic genes. (nature.com)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The discovery of the antioxidant response element (ARE) have led to the conclusion that the battery of genes, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), thioredoxin reductase 1 (Txnrd1), NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) is regulated through Nrf2 binding to this consensus binding sequence [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
  • qPCR and Western blot were used to analyze LncRNA PTTG3P, miR-383 and other target genes' expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recent discoveries of microRNA (miRNA) genes and characterization of the first few target genes regulated by miRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have set the stage for elucidation of a novel network of regulatory control. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • We present a computational method for whole-genome prediction of miRNA target genes. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of target genes by binding to the target mRNAs. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • 1) The alternation of protein levels of critical oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, which causes by miRNAs deregulation may also lead to proliferative diseases such as cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Besides cancer, some miRNAs genes cause or contribute in many inherited and genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • As miRNAs proposed to control the expression up to one third of all genes and possibly utilised as diagnostic and prognostic marker for many genetic based diseases. (ukessays.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target genes through mRNA cleavage, translational repression and DNA methylation. (plantae.org)
  • SNPs in 6 miRNA processing genes and in 78 miRNAs which target genes known to be important in breast cancer among 906 African American (AA) and 653 European American (EA) cases and Author Manuscript controls enrolled in the Women's Circle of Health Study (WCHS). (cdc.gov)
  • We found a number of SNPs in miRNAs and processing genes in association with breast cancer overall or stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status. (cdc.gov)
  • From experimentally validated target genes of these 86 miRNAs, pan-sensitive and pan-resistant genes with concordant mRNA and protein expression associated with in-vitro drug response to 19 NCCN-recommended breast cancer drugs were selected. (cdc.gov)
  • Micro RNAs (MiRNAs) are endogenous, small RNA molecules that were identified in a wide range of eukaryotes. (usda.gov)
  • MicroRNA regulation activity depends on the recognition of binding sites located on mRNA molecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length that regulate gene translation through silencing or degradation of target mRNAs. (biovendor.com)
  • In the case of RNA molecules that bind target RNA segments, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), the altered base pairing can change binding specificities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs are short RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chemical modifications to provide drug-like properties to RNA molecules are used in the synthesis of both siRNAs and antimicroRNAs (antimiRs). (genengnews.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, well-conserved, non-coding RNA molecules that silence gene expression usually by interfering with mRNA stability or protein translation ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • miRNAs exert their function via base pairing with complementary mRNA molecules, resulting in gene silencing via transcriptional repression or target degradation. (biogenex.com)
  • BioGenex miRNA probes are dual-end labeled on 3' and 5' with five FAM molecules that amplify the signal, giving intense stains. (biogenex.com)
  • 50 with conserved sequences matching previously identified miRNAs and 4 novel miRNAs. (usda.gov)
  • Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. (usda.gov)
  • The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (cancerindex.org)
  • Binding of a miRNA to a complementary sequence in a target mRNA is mediated by Argonaute proteins leading to degradation of the mRNA or translational inhibition, thereby lowering protein levels in cells [ 7 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • In animals, miRNAs generally bind to the 3'UTR of the mRNA imperfectly and in most cases lead to translational inhibition of its targets [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This dataset was obtained by comparing the results from two different experimental approaches, i.e., inhibition, and immunoprecipitation of the AGO1 protein--a component of the microRNA induced silencing complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we observed that the lists of targets obtained by analyzing data from one experimental approach only, that is, inhibition or immunoprecipitation of AGO1, are not reliable enough to test the performance of our microRNA target prediction algorithm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Inhibition of nuclear meiotic maturation via IBMX significantly increased MIR21 and decreased its target, PDCD4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The binding of miRNA- protein complexes to mRNA causes translation inhibition or destabilisation of target transcripts. (ukessays.com)
  • 1) For example, the down-regulation of miR15s and miR - 16 - 1 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, prostate cancer and pituitary tumours, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest at the G 1 - phase by target cell cycle regulators ( cyclin D1, cyclin E1, cyclin D3 and CDK6). (ukessays.com)
  • As binding of miRNAs to a target mRNA may result in an airway inflammatory disease closely correlates with either mRNA degradation or inhibition of protein immune regulation, more and more evidences suggest translation.1 More than 2000 miRNAs have been discovered in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs, are able to regulate gene expression by translational repression or mRNA degradation of the target, thereby affecting critical functions in various physiological processes, ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis ( 8 , 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • In particular, most miRNAs bind to target sequences located within the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of mRNAs, resulting in the cleavage of the target mRNAs or repression of their translation ( 13 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • We experimentally show that mutations diminishing target accessibility substantially reduce microRNA-mediated translational repression, with effects comparable to those of mutations that disrupt sequence complementarity. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • We show that, similar to metazoan steady-state systems, endogenous miRNAs in Chlamydomonas can regulate gene expression both by destabilization of the mRNA and by translational repression. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • miR-395 is upregulated in Arabidopsis during sulphate-limited conditions, when the mature miRNA then regulates sulphur transporters and ATP sulphurylases. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. (cancerindex.org)
  • Annotated database entry including the location and sequence of the mature miRNA sequence. (cancerindex.org)
  • The single-stranded mature miRNA can then associate with an Argonaute protein, which mediates its function of mRNA regulation through direct mRNA target cleavage or interactions with associated RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) proteins [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • STTM (Short Tandem Target Mimic) is an effective tool to block the activity of endogenous mature miRNA activity in plant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs are small, evolutionarily conserved, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression and have fundamental roles in cancer growth and metastasis. (biogenex.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind complementary messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to repress gene expression and regulate essentially all cellular processes 19 . (nature.com)
  • MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in mRNAs. (duke.edu)
  • In fact, sequence complementarity to nucleotides 13-16 of the miRNA can either enforce the affinity (supplementary pairing) or compensate for an incomplete seed pairing (complementary pairing). (biomedcentral.com)
  • An overrepresentation of conserved adenosines flanking the seed complementary sites in mRNAs indicates that primary sequence determinants can supplement base pairing to specify miRNA target recognition. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • Therefore, the miRNA profile carries useful diagnostic and prognostic potential for tumor typing and patient survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, in vitro screens are limited to a lack of tumor microenvironment, and the gRNA library coverage or selection often limits the pathological relevance of targets unraveled by in vivo screens. (nature.com)
  • Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been widely reported in human cancers with both up- and downregulation detected in HCC tumor tissue relative to the corresponding normal tissue ( 11 - 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Numbers shown below represent number of publications held in OncomiRDB database for Oncogenic and Tumor-Suppressive MicroRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
  • Identification of several targets of miRNAs associated with cancer suggests that networks of miRNAs linked to oncogenes or tumor suppressors play pivotal roles in cancer development. (genengnews.com)
  • miRNAs can either function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Emerging evidence indicates that Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Twelve miRNAs showed concordant expression in tumors vs. normal breast tissues and patient survival (n = 1093), with seven as potential tumor suppressors and five as potential oncomiRs. (cdc.gov)
  • Post-transcriptional regulation in multicellular organisms is mediated by microRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • We further show that the evolutionary conservation among paralogs does not imply any coherence in miRNA regulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • We conclude that protein function is informative across species in predicting post-transcriptional miRNA regulation in living cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (cancerindex.org)
  • MicroRNAs perform important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (researchsquare.com)
  • Furthermore, G:U wobbles within the seed are unfavorable to the regulation by miRNAs[ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, the maturing oocyte is reliant on processes such as post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) to regulate the mRNA and protein repertoire. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inability to transcribe mRNA during this stage of development and the probable necessity for post-transcriptional gene regulation (PTGR) suggests an important role for non-coding RNA in the maturing oocyte. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plants and animals use small RNAs (microRNAs [miRNAs] and siRNAs) as guides for posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • Given the notion that a single miRNA may have multiple cellular targets and given the existence of vast numbers of miRNAs (~1,500 in humans), we can expect to witness the discovery of novel miRNA-dependent regulation in the modulation of versatile biological functions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have only known that microRNAs even existed since the early 1990's, and their importance in gene regulation and development wasn't appreciated until the 2000's. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of asthma, the goal of this study is to summarize recent researches on the roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • MicroRNAs not only participate in determining DCs phenotype and then naive T lymphocyte differentiation, but also participate in the regulation of airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • Zhang et al cytokines, mediators and signals and closely related to demonstrated that microRNA let-7i was upregulated immune regulation. (cdc.gov)
  • DC demonstrated that miRNAs participate in airway maturation, while downregulation of let-7i significantly inflammatory regulation in asthma. (cdc.gov)
  • MiR-222 and miR-221 are two highly homologous microRNAs located in tandem on the X chromosome in human, mouse and rat and are highly conserved in vertebrates. (biovendor.com)
  • In addition to the highly conserved miRNAs, many more of new and species-specific miRNAs have been identified in various crops through high-throughput sequencing technology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiRNAs are known to control diverse processes including animal development and growth, cell differentiation, signal transduction, cancer disease, virus-induced immune defense, programmed cell death, insulin secretion and metabolism. (usda.gov)
  • miRNAs affect a broad range of biological functions including development, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation ( 6 - 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Recently, miRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory relationships have been confirmed during biological processes, including osteogenic differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study aimed to find out more candidate miRNA-mRNA pairs involved in the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • There were 7 overlapped miRNA-mRNA pairs identified during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, including mmu-miR-204-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-211-5p-Arhgap11a, mmu-miR-24-3p-H2afx, mmu-miR-3470b-Chek2, mmu-miR-3470b-Dlgap5, mmu-miR-466b-3p-Chek1, and mmu-miR-466c-3p-Chek1. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our study characterizes miR-211-5p targeting Arhgap11a promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, which provides novel targets to promote the osteogenesis process during bone repair. (frontiersin.org)
  • miRNAs are essential for brain development and function, with multiple miRNAs enriched in specific cell types where they regulate differentiation, structure and neurophysiological properties [ 9 , 10 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • miRNAs are involved in biological and pathological processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism, and they are emerging as highly tissue-specific biomarkers with potential clinical application for defining cancer types and origins. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • BioGenex is pleased to launch two Super Sensitive TM Nucleic Acid miRNA in situ hybridization (SSNA miRNA ISH) probes and automated systems for differentiation of wild type and BRCA mutated breast cancer. (biogenex.com)
  • As a consequence, any modulations of the target transcript expression, miRNAs can affect various signalling pathways and cellular process such as apoptosis, proliferation or differentiation. (ukessays.com)
  • MicroRNAs regulate target gene expression post-transcriptionally in a myriad of cell types and play critical roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cardiomyocyte development, differentiation, and regeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs could thus be the best targets for understanding cardiac specialization during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • To this end, the authors performed miRNA expression profiling in undifferentiated hESCs and CMs at day 8 and day 14 after differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ComiR was trained with the information regarding binding sites in the 3'utr region, by using a reliable dataset containing the targets of endogenously expressed microRNA in D. melanogaster S2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a result, we find that ComiR algorithm trained with the information related to the coding regions is more efficient in predicting the microRNA targets, with respect to the algorithm trained with 3'utr information. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The miRNA targets identification has been mainly based on the search of mRNA binding sites contained in the 3'utr region [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, some other interactions have been identified in vitro, e.g. interactions with the 5'UTR and with the coding region of transcripts in mammals, with the 3'UTR of plants transcripts and even some expression-enhancing miRNAs[ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiRNAs bind the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • MiRNAs are most often identified through computational prediction from genome sequences. (usda.gov)
  • The rainbow trout genome sequence is not available yet, which does not allow miRNA prediction for this species which is of great economic interest for aquaculture and sport fisheries, and is a model research organism for studies related to carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. (usda.gov)
  • The gene dataset obtained from microarray analysis of HCV clones was farther used to validate target prediction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the information contained in the coding region can't be ignored for the miRNA target prediction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Today, microRNA target prediction remains challenging since very few have been experimentally validated and sequence-based predictions have large numbers of false positives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Owing to their stability in biological fluids and resistance to various storage conditions, miRNAs are considered as useful biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment efficacy. (biogenex.com)
  • Prediction of target mRNAs and associated biological pathways regulated by each of this miRNA was carried out. (um.edu.my)
  • In conclusion, using miRNA signatures in human as a prediction tool will enable us to elucidate the biological processes occurring in DPSCs. (um.edu.my)
  • Recently, it has been proposed that also microRNAs (miRs), a class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs, are involved in the antiviral pathway induced by IFN-β treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we identified 76 therapeutic agents, 152 miRNAs targets, and 91 TFs regulatory networks. (nature.com)
  • We predict regulatory targets of vertebrate microRNAs (miRNAs) by identifying mRNAs with conserved complementarity to the seed (nucleotides 2-7) of the miRNA. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • Our data indicate that the evolutionarily conserved miRNA pathway can be exploited by cancer cells to escape from T cell-mediated elimination and immunotherapy. (nature.com)
  • These results demonstrate the evolutionarily conserved mode of action for miRNAs, but details of the mechanism diverge between the plant and metazoan kingdoms. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-recognized for their abilities to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in plants and animals. (frontiersin.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs (~22 nucleotides in length) that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by imperfect binding to the 3′ untranslated region of target mRNAs in a wide variety of cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miR-455 inhibited cell viability and invasion by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of RAB18 mRNA of hepatocellular carcinoma. (hindawi.com)
  • however, the significance of circulating miRNAs in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‑related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Researchers at Regulus Therapeutics described how one such miRNA (miR-21) may provide a novel therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. (genengnews.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (21-24 nucleotides) sequences of RNA that reduce gene expression by promoting the breakdown of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and by repressing translation of mRNAs into proteins. (freethoughtblogs.com)
  • While most membranous and disease related proteins are regulated by miRNAs, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family is an exception, being mostly unregulated by miRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • MiRNAs are generated by stepwise cleavage via double-stranded ribonuclease III enzymes DROSHA and DICER1 and loaded onto Argonaute (AGO) proteins to pair with target sequences on mRNAs 20 . (nature.com)
  • Thus, we compared the expression profile of 24 selected miRs in IFN-β-treated Huh-7 cells and in three different clones of Huh-7 cells carrying a self-replicating HCV RNA which express all viral proteins (HCV replicon system). (biomedcentral.com)
  • AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma exosomes of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and after the Chaihu-Longgu-Muli Decoction (CLMD) therapy and to explore the biomarkers of TLE and the potential targets of CLMD in treating TLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effect of miR-126 expression on target proteins was assessed using miR-126 mimics or miR-126 inhibitors in ESCC cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In Paper I, we showed that miR-96 can upregulate the mRNA and protein expression of adhesion proteins E-Cadherin and EpCAM through direct interaction with target sites in the mRNA coding sequence. (lu.se)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by imperfect matching of mRNA [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • miRNAs are a class of short (∼22 nucleotide) noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). (frontiersin.org)
  • Potential miRNA-target interactions were computationally predicted and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the miRNAs and their target sites in the rainbow trout transcripts. (usda.gov)
  • RNA editing refers to post-transcriptional processes that alter the nucleotide sequence of an RNA transcript by insertion, deletion or nucleotide conversion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When this conversion occurs in the coding region of mRNA, it results in an altered nucleotide codon and, therefore, can change the amino acid sequence of the coded protein in what is referred to as a re-coding editing event. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BioGenex unique SSNA miRNA ISH probes enable detection of single nucleotide mismatch thus allowing high sensitivity and specificity with a clean intense staining. (biogenex.com)
  • MicroRNAs are ~22-25 nucleotide non-coding RNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs and risk of breast cancer have been evaluated in populations of European or Asian ancestry, but not among women of African ancestry. (cdc.gov)
  • MiRNAs are approximately 19- to 25-nucleotide estimated about 250,000 and mortality does not appear single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that exist in both to correlate well with prevalence. (cdc.gov)
  • MirBase[ 16 ] is up to date the most complete database of precursor and mature miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we present an algorithm, miRDeep, which uses a probabilistic model of miRNA biogenesis to score compatibility of the position and frequency of sequenced RNA with the secondary structure of the miRNA precursor. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • The involvement of miRNAs in cancer research emerged from studies demonstrating their aberrant expression in neoplastic tissues. (genengnews.com)
  • The understanding of miRNA has increased over the past 10 years, and particularly the involvement of miRNAs in cancer. (ukessays.com)
  • Previous works focused mostly on miRNA seed matches and other features of the 3′-UTR of transcripts. (frontiersin.org)
  • miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (cancerindex.org)
  • Sequencing as well as functional studies using antisense oligonucleotides, indicate important roles for microRNAs during the development of epilepsy through targeting transcripts involved in neuronal structure, gliosis and inflammation. (researchsquare.com)
  • A-to-I RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that converts adenosines to inosines in both coding and noncoding RNA transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic RNA transcripts can undergo a range of post-transcriptional modifications, which increase the diversity of the transcriptome without requiring increases in genome size. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-protein-coding transcripts that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by pairing with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). (uea.ac.uk)
  • However, the identification of miRNAs from the large pool of sequenced transcripts from a single deep sequencing run remains a major challenge. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • In plants, miRNAs and trans-acting (ta) siRNAs form through distinct biogenesis pathways, although they both interact with target transcripts and guide cleavage. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • A miRNA can bind many mRNAs and an mRNA can be bound by several miRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to plant miRNAs, which usually bind nearly perfectly to their targets, animal miRNAs bind less tightly, with a few nucleotides being unbound, thus producing more complex secondary structures of miRNA/target duplexes. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • To date, the effect produced by HCV on the expression of microRNAs (miRs) involved in the interferon-β (IFN-β) antiviral pathway has not been explored in details. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been suggested that abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mature miRNAs act via complementarity with their target mRNAs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Perfect base pairing leads to the degradation of the mRNA (similar to siRNA), while imperfect complementarity inhibits translation. (genengnews.com)
  • Although more and animals and plants and regulate gene/protein expression more progressions have been made about the through direct complementarity between their 5' region pathogenesis of asthma in recent years, the increasing and the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs. (cdc.gov)
  • A series of studies indicate that lncRNAs serve as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) by sponging miRNAs, and modulate the targets of miRNAs [ 15 , 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review summarizes some of the key recently published patents and relevant research advances on miRNA target identification, strategies to modulate their activity and the potential applications in human diseases such as cancer and viral infections, as well as methods and techniques for purification, detection and quantification of miRNAs. (uea.ac.uk)
  • This thesis focuses on microRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate gene expression in healthy and tumour cells. (lu.se)
  • Here, I present two studies utilizing the phenotypic and the target approaches, respectively, to demonstrate that miR-BARTs can inhibit apoptosis and activate the Wnt signaling pathway. (duke.edu)
  • Utilizing a Wnt signaling FLuc reporter TOPflash which measures the Wnt signaling activation, I confirmed that expression of many miR-BARTs that target Wnt signaling inhibitors can indeed upregulate the Wnt signaling pathway. (duke.edu)
  • Together, my results identified and validated a substantial number of novel targets of miR-BARTs involved in apoptosis and the Wnt signaling pathway, indicating that EBV may employ miR-BARTs to heavily target these two pathways to facilitate chronic infection. (duke.edu)
  • Thus, the elucidation of a new oncogenic pathway is required to precisely target lung cancer and to serve as a prognostic factor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The SFRPs inhibit Wnt receptor binding to down-regulate pathway signaling during development [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs are critical in many important biological processes, and are important markers for many diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A-to-I editing is a mechanism that regulates and diversifies the transcriptome, but the full biological significance of ADARs is not understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate translation of mRNA into protein and play a crucial role for almost all biological activities. (um.edu.my)
  • Using cell culture, animal and patient studies, we investigated the biological role of microRNA-96 (miR-96) and microRNA-379 (miR-379) in prostate cancer bone metastasis. (lu.se)
  • miRNAs play key roles in a broad range of cellular processes and the response to changes in the environment ( Leung and Sharp, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results suggest that their is great potential for miRNAs to affect biochemical processes underlying important aquaculture production traits. (usda.gov)
  • The ability of predicting the targets of the endogenous miRNAs is then crucial to understand the processes they are involved in. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. (genengnews.com)
  • Various studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in multiple processes of embryo implantation, but the role of miRNAs in endometrial receptivity in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remains elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MiRNAs are reported to involved in multiple cellular processes [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is predicted that humans express thousands of miRNAs and, although only a few hundred have been identified, there is already mounting evidence suggesting that they play an important role in several different developmental processes. (uea.ac.uk)
  • We find that the core microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and targeting machinery maintains the sensitivity of cancer cells to PD-1-independent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (nature.com)
  • The expressions of candidate miRNAs and mRNAs were determined by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) in MC3T3-E1 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important i. (researchgate.net)
  • While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in cardiac development and disease, their role in physiol. (researchgate.net)
  • Long noncoding-RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of cardiac development as well as pathological hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). (researchgate.net)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and Twist1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cell dissemination are well established, but the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Twist1-mediated signaling remains largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Identification of sequence variations in the miRNA -target interactions may be particularly useful for rainbow trout breeding programs. (usda.gov)
  • The miRNA-mRNA interactions were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays and experiments using mimics miRNA or their inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Presently there is a plenty of algorithms and databases to predict miRNA-mRNA interactions based on sequence, physical-chemistry properties, expression levels or even experimental validations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this work we try to provide answers to those questions by proposing a methodology that combines and re-score the miRNA-mRNA interactions from all different available sources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our intention is to provide the community with a unique source for miRNA-mRNA interactions based on the goodness of all available ones. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we systematically investigate the role of target-site accessibility, as determined by base-pairing interactions within the mRNA, in microRNA target recognition. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • Conclusion: The rainbow trout miRNAs identified and characterized in this study provide a new tool for functional genome research in salmonids. (usda.gov)
  • Tissue-specific miRNAs may be evaluated to serve as molecular markers predictive of specific functional and diagnostic implications. (usda.gov)
  • Indeed, functional studies in animals, mainly using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) termed antagomirs, have demonstrated that targeting miRNAs can alter evoked and spontaneous seizures and neuropathological outcomes including neuronal loss and gliosis [ 11 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of functional small RNA that target mRNA to affect their abundance and translational efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 19 up-regulated miRNAs were subjected to ingenuity analysis, which were composed into 25 functional networks. (um.edu.my)
  • We have chosen top 2 functional networks, which comprised 10 miRNA (hsa-miR-516a-3p, hsa-miR-125b-1-3p, hsa-miR-221-5p, hsa-miR-7, hsa-miR-584-5p, hsa-miR-190a, hsa-miR-106a-5p, hsa-mir-376a-5p, hsa-mir-377-5p and hsa-let-7f-2-3p). (um.edu.my)
  • We report an efficient method for detecting functional RNAs. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • By employing microRNA expression profiling and functional knockdown studies on human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the authors identified miR-363 as an upstream negative regulator of left ventricular specification transcription factor HAND1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • A gene, the basic unit of heredity, is a segment of DNA containing all the information necessary to synthesize a polypeptide (protein) or a functional RNA molecule. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although a large number of animal miRNAs has been defined, only a few targets are known. (mirtoolsgallery.tech)
  • Individual miRNAs are capable of regulating gene networks by interacting with multiple targets or by suppressing transcriptional controllers [ 6 , 8 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • IRS-1 and GOLPH3 are downstream targets of miR-126 at the post-transcriptional level in ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an integral part of the post-transcriptional machinery of gene expression and have been implicated in the carcinogenic cascade. (cdc.gov)
  • Pseudogene, a subclass of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are considered as genomic loci that resemble real gene, but lost some functionality because they are lack of protein-coding ability because of disabling mutation, lack of transcription, or their inability to encode RNA [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bioinformatics algorithms including miRCODE ( http://www.mircode.org/ ) suggest that miRNAs can interact with lncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using BioGenex ISH miRNA probes, the expression pattern of distinct miRNAs were successfully differentiated in wild type and BRCA mutated breast carcinomas. (biogenex.com)
  • The majority of the miRNAs showed characteristic tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting potential roles in maintaining tissue identity. (usda.gov)
  • microRNA (miRNA) expression level alterations between endometrial tissue and endometriotic lesions indicate their involvement in endometriosis pathogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • miRNAs are notably stable in blood, and their expression patterns appear to be tissue-specific. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Expression of various miRNAs is dysregulated in experimental models of status epilepticus and in resected brain tissue from patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy [ 11-13 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Both miRNAs and siRNAs need to be delivered into the target tissue or cell in order to activate the desired therapeutic effect," Muthiah Manoharan, Ph.D., senior vp, drug discovery, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, explained. (genengnews.com)
  • NINJ1 encoded the protein-mediated cytoplasmic membrane rupture, regulated tissue remodeling, showed high expression levels in the tear area, and co-expressed within the inflammatory pattern. (bvsalud.org)
  • A set of 26-gene mRNA expression profiles were used to identify invasive ductal carcinomas from histologically normal tissue and benign lesions and to select those with a higher potential for future cancer development (ADHC) in the breast associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH). (cdc.gov)
  • Most reports found that multiple miRNAs that include miR-548a, miR-1246, miR-632, and miR-5692a played pivotal roles in HCC [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, the lipid nanoparticles (LNP) platform, which has proven to be effective with siRNAs, is also showing promise with miRNAs and miRNA mimics. (genengnews.com)
  • It's been suggested that miRNAs regulate up to 50% of all mRNAs in the human genome. (genengnews.com)
  • Approximately 30-60 % of the human genome, regulated by miRNAs. (ukessays.com)
  • A total of 63 differentially expressed miRNAs have been previously linked to metastatic melanoma, many of which are known to be associated with multiple different cancers [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, increasing evidences elucidated that miRNAs was involved in the cancer pathogenesis, including cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These findings suggest that lncRNA JPX, a mediator of Twist1 signaling, could predispose lung cancer cells to metastasis and may serve as a potential target for targeted therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Paper II, we performed an in vivo anti-miRNA library screen, and identified miR-379 as a suppressor of prostate cancer bone metastasis. (lu.se)
  • Overall, this thesis reports multiple findings and tools that can help us better understand the process of prostate cancer bone metastasis and the role that miRNAs play in this process. (lu.se)
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is also implicated in various diseases, including cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Numerous studies have suggested circulating miRNAs as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of many diseases. (biovendor.com)
  • Here, we review recent studies investigating connections between ADAR-mediated RNA editing and human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Discoveries linking miRNAs to a number of diseases have helped propel the fast-paced growth of this young field. (genengnews.com)
  • It is therefore not surprising that miRNAs have been found to be deregulated in many diseases. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Circulating miRNAs have been suggested as diagnostic markers for various types of cancer ( 14 - 19 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Release of the first miRNA-based diagnostic test in 2008 helped reduce its failure risk. (genengnews.com)
  • BioGenex miRNA ISH Panel Probes are currently one of the best products for complex diagnostic assays. (biogenex.com)
  • A greater understanding of miRNA could possibly lead to better diagnostic and treatment of cancer. (ukessays.com)