• Bone is a complex inorganic-organic hybrid material, comprising nano-sized carbonate apatite crystals mineralizing a collagen matrix. (iucr.org)
  • However, bone metabolic diseases and/or malnutrition can disrupt the ability of the organism to mineralize the collagen matrix, causing skeletal malformations such as rickets or osteoporosis. (iucr.org)
  • Visualizing bone mineralization and collagen fibril organization at intermediate scales between the nanometer and the hundreds of microns range, is still an important challenge. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Those features, suggested by others in high resolution studies, appear here as a ubiquitous motif in mineralized lamellar bone over thousands of microns cubed, suggesting a heterogeneous and yet regular pattern of mineral deposition past the single collagen fibril level. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Supports Healthy Collagen and Elastin Production for Joint & Bone Support, Glowing Skin, Hair & Nails. (livingsilica.com)
  • Learn how organic silica can enhance bone health by increasing collagen synthesis and calcium deposition in osteoblasts. (livingsilica.com)
  • The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Loic Le Ribault's , Living Silica®, silica on the production of collagen in the undifferentiated (fibroblasts) MG-63 cell line and the effects on differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. (livingsilica.com)
  • During physiological mineralization, bone mineral particles are deposited in and around collagen type I fibers. (provaeducation.com)
  • The researchers were able to create such systems by combining organic and inorganic matrix components, including collagen and the bone mineral hydroxyapatite, in a manner that mimicked physiological and pathologic mineralization. (provaeducation.com)
  • This study basically shows for the first time that physiological interactions between mineral particles and collagen may be able to inhibit the activation of tumor cells that have spread to bone," Fischbach said. (provaeducation.com)
  • ALP, collagen, and bone mineralization activities were performed to assess bone health in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). (omeka.net)
  • Phosphorylation modification of bovine bone collagen peptide enhanced its effect on mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells via improving calcium-binding capacity. (cabi.org)
  • This study aimed to investigate the effect of phosphorylation modification of collagen peptide on its calcium-binding capacity and pro-mineralization activity. (cabi.org)
  • The underlying abnormality in FIO appears to be an acquired defect in bone collagen fibrillary arrangement. (medscape.com)
  • FIO is an ultra-rare skeletal disorder in which the collagen matrix (on which bone mineral is deposited) is disorganized, Dr. Matthew Drake of the Mayo Clinic told Reuters Health in an email, adding that no recognized therapy exists. (medscape.com)
  • Degradation of matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and DMP-1 and release of acidic serine-rich and aspartate-rich MEPE-associated motif (ASARM) peptides are chiefly responsible for the hypophosphatemic rickets mineralization defect and changes in osteoblast-osteoclast differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Addressing these limitations will require a better understanding of the molecular pathways, such as the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, that govern osteoblast differentiation and, thereby, skeletal mineralization. (eur.nl)
  • Taok3-deficient osteoblasts displayed defective JNK pathway activation and a marked decrease in osteoblast differentiation markers and defective mineralization, which was also confirmed using TAOK3 deficient osteoblasts derived from human MSCs. (eur.nl)
  • We subsequently discuss how β-TCP can regulate osteogenic processes to aid bone repair/healing, namely osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, formation of blood vessels, release of angiogenic growth factors, and blood clot formation. (frontiersin.org)
  • OMD was positively associated with MSX2 (Msh Homeobox 2) (r=0.32, P=0.003), a marker of preosteoblast differentiation, BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein) (r=0.50, P=0.000002) and BMP6 (r=0.47, P=0.000007), plaque calcification (r=0.35, P=0.016), and was strongly upregulated in osteogenically stimulated smooth muscle cells, which was further increased upon BMP stimulation. (lu.se)
  • Multiple genetic loci for bone mineral density and fractures. (nih.gov)
  • In particular, Welding-Hofmann disease, the pathology that promotes bone atrophy and facilitates pathologic fractures of long bones, was excluded. (hindawi.com)
  • Which causes more bone fractures, osteopenia or osteoporosis? (medicinenet.com)
  • Osteopenia is important because it can cause bone fractures . (medicinenet.com)
  • In other words, while osteoporosis indicates bone that is more prone to fracture and people with osteoporosis have a higher percentage risk of fracture than osteopenia, because of the much larger number of people with osteopenia there is a greater total number of fractures in these people. (medicinenet.com)
  • Bone fractures due to osteopenia and osteoporosis are important because they can be very painful, although some spinal (vertebral) fractures are painless. (medicinenet.com)
  • Higher bone density is associated with stronger bones and a lower risk of fractures. (total-health-care.com)
  • Without enough calcium, bones may become porous and susceptible to fractures. (total-health-care.com)
  • Vitamin D promotes the mineralization of bone tissue, which means it helps incorporate calcium and other minerals into the bone matrix, making them stronger and less prone to fractures. (total-health-care.com)
  • Without adequate vitamin D, bones may become weak and more susceptible to fractures. (total-health-care.com)
  • It inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and has some analgesic effects in patients with fractures. (medscape.com)
  • Administration of magnesium sulfate injection to pregnant women longer than 5-7 days may lead to low calcium levels and bone problems in the developing baby or fetus, including thin bones, called osteopenia, and bone breaks, called fractures. (fda.gov)
  • FIO manifests clinically with generalized bone pain and multiple fractures of both the axial and appendicular skeletons. (medscape.com)
  • Patient 1 was a 48-year-old Indian man who presented with a 10-year history of generalized bone pain, multiple fractures, and muscle weakness and was bed-bound at the time of presentation. (medscape.com)
  • All groups underwent mandibular reconstruction of a critical-sized defect with a nonvascularized bone graft from the contralateral hemimandible. (bvsalud.org)
  • The main challenge for large bone defect repair and regeneration remains the inadequate recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reduced vascularization, and decreased growth factors stimulation within the scaffold construct to support cell viability and tissue growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was low and similar to age-matched patients with OI type IV. (wiley.com)
  • DuraPlex is a proprietary blend of specific proteins, minerals and vitamins scientifically proven to increase bone mineral density and bone area in both performance and growing horses. (ker.com)
  • For example, decreased bone-mineral density has been correlated with increased risk for metastasis, and incomplete fracture healing has been shown to enhance bone metastasis. (provaeducation.com)
  • Opposite associations of osteoprotegerin and ZBTB40 polymorphisms with bone mineral density of the hip in postmenopausal Taiwanese women. (nih.gov)
  • Genome-wide association study using extreme truncate selection identifies novel genes affecting bone mineral density and fracture risk. (nih.gov)
  • Compared with the control group , the XRT group demonstrated significantly decreased graft incorporation (P = 0.011), bone mineral density (P = 0.005), and bone volume fraction (P = 0.001). (bvsalud.org)
  • Compared with the XRT group, the ASC group achieved a significantly increased graft incorporation (P = 0.006), bone mineral density (P = 0.005), and bone volume fraction (P = 0.013). (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, when graphing the data, it seems as though with an increase in Calcium consumption there is a decrease in bone mass density. (blogspot.com)
  • Decreased bone density is a characteristic of osteopenia. (medicinenet.com)
  • Osteopenia is a bone condition characterized by a decreased density of bone, which leads to bone weakening and an increased risk of breaking a bone ( fracture ). (medicinenet.com)
  • Osteoarthritis does not cause osteopenia, osteoporosis , or decreased bone mineral density . (medicinenet.com)
  • The image on the left shows decreased bone density in osteoporosis. (medicinenet.com)
  • The image on the right shows normal bone density. (medicinenet.com)
  • That means someone with osteopenia is more likely to fracture a bone than someone with a normal bone density but is less likely to fracture a bone than someone with osteoporosis. (medicinenet.com)
  • Adequate calcium intake is vital for achieving optimal bone density, which refers to the amount of mineral content in our bones. (total-health-care.com)
  • The combination of high phosphorus intakes with low calcium intakes increases serum PTH levels, but evidence is mixed on whether the increased hormone levels decrease bone mineral density [ 2 , 4-6 ]. (nih.gov)
  • The results indicate that hypophosphatemic mice have increased bone remodelling, increased carbonate content and decreased crystallinity of the bone mineral, as well as increased misalignment of crystallites within the bone tissue. (iucr.org)
  • These findings are strong evidence for suitability of PFIB as a bone analysis tool and the need to revisit bone mineralization over multi-length scales with mineralized tissue. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Superoxide dismutase 3 is expressed in bone tissue and re. (au.dk)
  • In this study, a new methodology has been explored aiming to monitor the morphological and mechanical property alteration of bone tissue engineering constructs simultaneously. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • A thin fibrous band of scar tissue formed at the graft-to-bone interface in the control group. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here I would be present during 24-hour food recall interviews, collect anthropometric data, and assist with the dual x-ray absorptiometry for bone and adipose tissue data. (blogspot.com)
  • Health-wise, this is a good time to focus on intestinal health, immune health and, after a summer of activity, with colder weather ahead, a time to look to the health of our joints, ligaments, bones and connective tissue. (florahealth.com)
  • Images show a Z-projected % mineralized bone tissue in the mouse femur midshaft. (charite.de)
  • Calcium is a key component of bone tissue. (total-health-care.com)
  • Calcium is necessary for this process, as it helps remove old bone tissue and replace it with new healthy bone. (total-health-care.com)
  • This continuous turnover of bone tissue is essential for maintaining bone strength and preventing bone loss. (total-health-care.com)
  • Thus, tissue loading in vivo resulted in increased TNFa, which increased PLF, which then induced anabolic bone formation, the latter results confirmed in vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • These findings suggest that healthy bone matrix can reduce the risk for breast cancer skeletal metastasis. (provaeducation.com)
  • Thus, in vitro and in vivo evidence supports TAOK3 as a proximal activator of the JNK pathway in osteoblasts that plays a critical role in skeletal mineralization. (eur.nl)
  • The 3D evolution of bone material and porosity in developing murine long-bones are central models for human skeletal research. (charite.de)
  • Bisphosphonates have a high affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals, and by binding at sites of active bone resorption, these agents can inhibit osteoclastic resorption. (medscape.com)
  • By binding to calcium salts, alendronate blocks the transformation of calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite and inhibits the formation, aggregation, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals in bone. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, phosphorus and calcium make up hydroxyapatite, the main structural component in bones and tooth enamel [ 3 ]. (nih.gov)
  • These compounds are analogs of pyrophosphate that act by binding to hydroxyapatite in bone matrix, thereby inhibiting the dissolution of crystals. (medscape.com)
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disease of bone in which the hallmark is bone fragility. (wiley.com)
  • there was no indication of any other fracture/bone deformities or anomalies osteo-articular (blue sclera, osteogenesis imperfecta, or hypotonia). (hindawi.com)
  • It was observed that silica deficiency has adverse effects such as bone deformities, joint malfunction, reducing the mass of cartilage and rupture of the mineral balance in femur and vertebrae. (livingsilica.com)
  • Osteomalacia is a disorder of the mineralization of newly formed bone, which causes the bone to be weak and more prone to fracture. (medicinenet.com)
  • Osteomalacia is a bone disorder characterized by decreased mineralization of newly formed bone. (medicinenet.com)
  • Both osteomalacia and osteopenia increase the risk of breaking a bone. (medicinenet.com)
  • However, symptoms of osteomalacia include bone pain and muscle weakness , tenderness, difficulty walking , and muscle spasms . (medicinenet.com)
  • In osteomalacia, the body does not incorporate enough calcium and other minerals into bones, resulting in weak bones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Co-authors Matthew Paszek , associate professor in the Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Olivier Elemento , director of the Englander Institute for Precision Medicine and a professor of physiology and biophysics and of computational genomics in computational biomedicine at Weill Cornell Medicine, helped elucidate how bone matrix regulates cellular mechanosignaling, and connect the potential molecular mechanisms to patient data. (provaeducation.com)
  • Molecular processes as bone mineralization, 138 including induction graphic account topic of anabolic. (mevio.com)
  • Several diseases can result in disorders of bone mineralization, which can be defined as the process by which osteoid becomes calcified. (medscape.com)
  • This makes probing the effect of bone-mineralization-related diseases a complicated task. (iucr.org)
  • Risk Variants in or Near ZBTB40 AND NFATC1 Increase the Risk of Both IBD and Adverse Bone Health Outcomes Highlighting Common Genetic Underpinnings Across Both Diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption in the small intestine, ensuring that an adequate amount of calcium is absorbed into the bloodstream and made available for bone-building processes. (total-health-care.com)
  • We also examined the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, PLF and bone formation processes. (cdc.gov)
  • 9 ] showed that the fracture of long bones occurred in 0.1% of cases during caesarean section and 0.5% for vaginal delivery. (hindawi.com)
  • Planning caesarean section reduces the risk of fracture of long bones but does not eliminate the possibility [ 10 - 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • however, because there are many more people with osteopenia than osteoporosis, patients with osteopenia account for a large number of patients who fracture a bone. (medicinenet.com)
  • This work addresses an unprecedented discussion regarding implant surface evaluation methods, able to show the potential of certain areas to induce bone mineralization in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
  • Estroff led the necessary materials synthesis and characterization techniques of the different bone matrix models, which the team then used to investigate tumor cell behavior, first in vitro and then in vivo through mouse models. (provaeducation.com)
  • in each group, 4 tendons were used for in vitro evaluation of TM and 8 were transplanted into proximal tibial bone tunnels in rabbits. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In vitro, in cementoblasts, Enpp1 significantly increased with initiation of mineralization (about 3-fold), whereas Enpp2 and Enpp3 exhibited no pattern. (umich.edu)
  • Important transitions occur from a foamy ring (1 day postnatal) to thin dense bone (14 days) to full-grown oval-shaped compacta in the adult. (charite.de)
  • Calcium and phosphorus, which are minerals, are incorporated into bones to make them strong and dense (a process called mineralization). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The final section is an overview of the drugs used to regulate bone calcification. (mhmedical.com)
  • The kidneys, bones, and intestines regulate phosphorus homeostasis, which requires maintenance of urinary losses at equivalent levels to net phosphorus absorption and ensuring that equal amounts of phosphorus are deposited and resorbed from bone [ 1 , 7 , 8 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Current anabolic drugs to treat osteoporosis and other disorders of low bone mass all have important limitations in terms of toxicity, contraindications, or poor efficacy in certain contexts. (eur.nl)
  • The difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis is that in osteopenia the bone loss is not as severe as in osteoporosis. (medicinenet.com)
  • When it comes to maintaining strong and healthy bones, there is no denying the importance of calcium and vitamin D. These two essential nutrients work together as a dynamic duo to support bone health and prevent conditions such as osteoporosis. (total-health-care.com)
  • Calcitonin is used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women more than 5 years post menopause with low bone mass relative to healthy premenopausal females. (medscape.com)
  • Risedronate is a potent antiresorptive agent that does not affect bone mineralization. (medscape.com)
  • Here it is shown that the combination of vibrational spectroscopy with two-dimensional X-ray diffraction can provide unparalleled information on the changes in bone chemistry and structure associated with different bone pathologies (phosphate deficiency) and/or health conditions (pregnancy, lactation). (iucr.org)
  • Without sufficient vitamin D, calcium absorption may be limited, leading to calcium deficiency and weakened bones. (total-health-care.com)
  • This regulation is necessary to prevent calcium deficiency or excess, both of which can have detrimental effects on bone health. (total-health-care.com)
  • Using a synergistic analytical approach, it was possible to trace the effect that changes in the remodelling regime have on the bone mineral chemistry and structure in normal and mineral-deficient (hypophosphatemic) mice. (iucr.org)
  • Other biochemical parameters of bone and mineral metabolism were within the reference range. (wiley.com)
  • Metabolism, and potential strengthening of bones and risk nothing that you do not stop suddenly. (mevio.com)
  • While calcium is essential for bone health, it cannot do its job effectively without the help of vitamin D . Vitamin D is unique because our bodies can produce it naturally when exposed to sunlight. (total-health-care.com)
  • Calcium is essential for bone mineralization, neuromuscular function, and secretion of hormones and enzymes. (medscape.com)
  • Nanometer-scale layers of demineralized and mineralized unstained human femoral lamellar bone were sequentially sectioned over volumes of 6-16,000 μm3. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Qualitative histology of iliac crest bone biopsy specimens showed an absence of the birefringent pattern of normal lamellar bone under polarized light, often with a "fish-scale" pattern. (wiley.com)
  • Different characteristics of coating cells and mineralization niches on different surfaces were found. (bvsalud.org)
  • This image shows a bone scaffold seeded with tumor cells. (provaeducation.com)
  • A connection between reduced bone health and the behavior of tumor cells is well-established. (provaeducation.com)
  • The presence of bone mineral reduced the growth of tumor cells in both settings. (provaeducation.com)
  • The MG63 bone cells seeded in the scaffolds and cultured for 4 weeks have been monitored by the established protocol exhibiting the increased mechanical strength in the pore wall where the ECM or mineralized ECM was assumed to be formed in comparison to empty pores. (dundee.ac.uk)
  • Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Graft Incorporation and Mineralization in a Murine Model of Irradiated Mandibular Nonvascularized Bone Grafting. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adipose-derived stem cells have been shown to enhance bone healing and regeneration in numerous experimental models . (bvsalud.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of adipose-derived stem cells on nonvascularized bone graft incorporation in a murine model of irradiated mandibular reconstruction . (bvsalud.org)
  • Thirty isogenic rats were randomly divided into 3 groups nonvascularized bone graft (control), radiation with nonvascularized bone graft (XRT), and radiation with nonvascularized bone graft and adipose-derived stem cells (ASC). (bvsalud.org)
  • Adipose-derived stem cells enhance nonvascularized bone graft incorporation in the setting of human -equivalent radiation . (bvsalud.org)
  • In PDL cells, Enpp2 and Enpp3 were significantly increased at later stages of mineralization (about 4-fold), while Enpp1 expression was unaltered by osteogenic conditions. (umich.edu)
  • We studied the spatio-temporal details of how and when bone material is deposited by cells in growing mouse limbs. (charite.de)
  • During bone formation, specialized cells called osteoblasts use calcium to build and repair bone structure. (total-health-care.com)
  • abstract = "The purpose of the current study was to develop a novel technology to enhance tendon-to-bone interface healing by trypsinizing and mineralizing (TM) an intrasynovial tendon allograft in a rabbit bone tunnel model. (elsevierpure.com)
  • I have used DuraPlex for postsurgical cases in need of proper bone support. (ker.com)
  • DuraPlex helped to supply the essential compounds for proper bone remodeling and repair. (ker.com)
  • The parathyroid glands are essential in regulating calcium homeostasis and are important in maintaining proper bone mineralization. (mhmedical.com)
  • Leafy green vegetables such as kale, spinach, and broccoli: These veggies are not only rich in calcium but also packed with other vitamins and minerals that contribute to overall bone health. (total-health-care.com)
  • These agents prevent osteoclast attachment to bone matrix and interfere with osteoclast recruitment and viability. (medscape.com)
  • These analyses show that SOD3 plays a hitherto unappreciated role in bone development and homeostasis. (au.dk)
  • The function of the parathyroid glands is covered next, with a discussion of the role of the parathyroid glands and other hormones in maintaining bone mineral homeostasis. (mhmedical.com)
  • A new Warning stating that continuous administration of magnesium sulfate injection beyond 5-7 days in pregnancy for the treatment of pre-term labor can cause low calcium levels and bone changes in the baby. (fda.gov)
  • Magnesium is an essential mineral present in the human body in large amounts, mostly in bones. (fda.gov)
  • However, only the TM group showed obvious new bone formation inside the tendon graft and a visible fibrocartilage layer at the bone tunnel entrance. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This work revealed the principles of bone shape formation, mapping coalescence and transformation of mineral islands from a foamy scaffold into the mature tube-like long-bone form. (charite.de)
  • Romosozumab is an uncoupling agent that both stimulates the formation of bone and acts as an antiresorptive. (medscape.com)
  • We then examined the effect of training or task performance with or without treatment with a rat specific TNFa antibody on inflammatory cytokines, osteocalcin (a bone formation marker), PLF, CTGF, and behavioral indicators of pain or discomfort. (cdc.gov)
  • It is important that you understand the pharmacological management of thyroid and parathyroid function so that you can adjust your therapies appropriately for patients with bone-healing disorders and other conditions caused by problems with these endocrine glands. (mhmedical.com)
  • Large bone loss as a result of trauma, tumor removal, infection, and developmental congenital disorders, often leads to delayed healing or non-union, and remains a critical challenge for orthopedic surgeons. (frontiersin.org)
  • Increasing the carbonate content of bone apatite crystals is expected to have consequences for their physical properties and functionality. (iucr.org)
  • Works by inhibiting bone reabsorption and altering structure of bone crystals. (medscape.com)
  • 99% Ca in teeth and bones. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • The Development of Mineralization Group studies composition and function of teeth and bones, focusing on understanding the arrangement and mechanical adaptation of two complementary types of materials: tooth dentine versus rodent bone material. (charite.de)
  • To further investigate this observation, we compared femoral bone obtained from wild-type and SOD3 −/− mice to determine whether a functional difference was apparent in healthy adult mice. (au.dk)
  • Now, an interdisciplinary Cornell team has identified a new mechanism regulating tumor growth in the skeleton, the primary site of breast cancer metastasis: mineralization of the bone matrix, a fibrous mesh of organic and inorganic components that determines the unique biochemical and biomechanical properties of our skeleton. (provaeducation.com)
  • Additionally, the percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 64.46% and 94.16% in the UT-DMEM + BT-Test item and BT-DMEM + UT-Test item groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. (omeka.net)
  • Additionally, dairy products often contain other bone-building nutrients like protein and vitamin D. (total-health-care.com)
  • The study was aimed to evaluate the potential of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health. (omeka.net)
  • In this article, we will explore in detail the benefits of calcium and vitamin D, how they contribute to bone strength, and the best sources to incorporate into your diet. (total-health-care.com)
  • Fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines: These types of fish are excellent sources of vitamin D. They not only provide a good amount of vitamin D but also offer omega-3 fatty acids, which have additional benefits for bone and overall health. (total-health-care.com)
  • Use of calcitonin-salmon injection is recommended in conjunction with adequate calcium and vitamin D intake to prevent the progressive loss of bone mass. (medscape.com)
  • This process occurs naturally and is necessary for bone health but decreases with age - for example, due to hormonal changes as seen in women undergoing menopause. (provaeducation.com)
  • The mouse is the most sensitive species where the target organs are bone marrow, ovary and testis a NOAEL for repeat dose toxicity in the chronic studies has not been established due to neoplasia-related toxicity. (europa.eu)
  • Here we report, that bone from SOD3 −/− mice is less mineralized and characterized by significant reduction of cortical and trabecular thickness in addition to reduced mechanical strength. (au.dk)
  • DuraPlex is a bone mineralization supplement that contains a unique mixture of nutrients specifically designed to support optimal bone growth. (ker.com)
  • We have previously developed a voluntary rat model of highly repetitive reaching that provides an opportunity to study effects of non-weight bearing muscular loads on bone and mechanisms of naturally occurring inflammation on upper limb tissues in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • Aluminum exposures during neonatal and pediatric parenteral nutrition can impair bone mineralization and delay neurological development. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • These disadvantages can result in complications and the development of a bone substitute materials offers a potential alternative to overcome these shortcomings. (frontiersin.org)
  • PLF levels in forelimb bones and flexor digitorum muscles increased significantly in 6-week HRHF animals, increases attenuated by anti-TNFa treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • It achieves this by regulating the amount of calcium absorbed by the intestines, reabsorbed by the kidneys, and released from the bones. (total-health-care.com)
  • Bone uptake is 20-80%, with the remainder being rapidly excreted through the kidneys. (medscape.com)