Mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome sleep apnea syndromes. Medical search. Frequent questions

See also Sleep-Disordered Breathing and CPAP and Surgical Approach to Snoring and Sleep Apnea . (medscape.com)
Snoring, a common symptom of SDB, is a repetitive sound caused by vibration of upper airway structures during sleep. (medscape.com)
See also Upper Airway Evaluation in Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Physiologic Approach in Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea . (medscape.com)
Snoring, mouth breathing, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often prompt parents to seek medical attention for their children. (aafp.org)
Sleep-disordered breathing refers to a pathophysiologic continuum that includes snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive hypopnea syndrome, and OSA. (aafp.org)
50% male) attending our Paediatric Sleep Centre and receiving a polysomnographic diagnosis of Primary Snoring (PS) or Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA). (ersjournals.com)
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), is characterized by loud snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness. (neurologyindia.com)
It is associated with a constellation of symptoms and objective findings which include loud snoring, motor restlessness, unrefreshing sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). (neurologyindia.com)
A detailed clinical history was taken in a pre-designed proforma which included family history of snoring up to three generations, a sleep questionnaire for symptoms of OSA, [8] which was modified from the Cleveland Veterans Affairs Hospital sleep questionnaire, and the ESS score questionnaire [Table - 1] . (neurologyindia.com)
In some individuals, a mouthpiece may improve the anatomy of the airway to the point where snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can be corrected. (medscape.com)
Sufficient pressure is introduced to eliminate apneas, hypopneas, and snoring. (medscape.com)
Patients who are unlikely to benefit from n-CPAP include those with such severe nasal obstruction that n-CPAP cannot be used, patients with such extreme claustrophobia that they cannot tolerate a nasal mask, and patients in whom n-CPAP does not reliably eliminate apneas, hypopneas, and snoring. (medscape.com)
He had mild, intermittent snoring, but his wife did not observe cessation of breathing during the night. (medscape.com)

The most common etiology of obstructive sleep apnea is adenotonsillar hypertrophy. (aafp.org)

28 children received diagnosis of PS or mild OSA (mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) 2.56 ± 1.21) and 30 moderate-severe OSA (mean AHI 14.49 ± 11.7). (ersjournals.com)
also referred to as the apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]) in a population-based study. (medscape.com)
However, consistent patient tolerance for this treatment is relatively low, and it is less effective than continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in reducing the frequency of apnea and hypopnea. (medscape.com)

We received a request to reconsider the 2005 National Coverage Determination (NCD) for CPAP Therapy for OSA (CAG-00093R) to allow coverage of CPAP based upon a diagnosis of OSA by home sleep testing (HST). (cms.gov)
In addition, we are proposing to expand coverage of CPAP to include those beneficiaries with a diagnosis of CPAP made using a combination of a clinical evaluation and unattended home sleep monitoring using a Type II, III or IV device. (cms.gov)
Though the gold standard for diagnosis is overnight polysomnography (PSG), sleep questionnaires have also been used to diagnose this with good predictive value. (neurologyindia.com)
Material and Methods: A pre-designed proforma with clinical details, symptom-specific questions for diagnosis of OSA, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was administered to 20 patients presenting to the Sleep Disorder Clinic of our hospital and to 40 age and sex-matched relatives (control group). (neurologyindia.com)
Diagnosis is based on sleep history and polysomnography. (msdmanuals.com)
Diagnosis and management of obstructive sleep apnea: A review. (msdmanuals.com)
Recognition and diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in older Americans. (msdmanuals.com)

The majority of these children have mild symptoms, and many outgrow the condition. (aafp.org)
OSA has been diagnosed in previous studies using a sleep questionnaire designed to assess the specific symptoms associated with sleep-related breathing disorders with higher predictive ability, with additional data on body mass index (BMI). (neurologyindia.com)
The patient did not display the classic symptoms of sleep apnea. (medscape.com)

Oral appliances, or mandibular advancement devices (MADs), can be an effective alternative for mild and medium-to-moderate OSA syndrome (OSAS), but they require strict monitoring because of differences in individual response to this therapy. (medscape.com)

The concept that disease rooted principally in chronic aberrant constitutive and reactive activation of mast cells (MCs), without the gross MC neoplasia in mastocytosis, first emerged in the 1980s, but only in the last decade has recognition of "mast cell activation syndrome" (MCAS) grown significantly. (degruyter.com)
Although some respiratory disorders, such as sleep apnea, occur only during sleep, virtually all respiratory disorders-including upper airway obstruction, central hypoventilation, and chronic lung disease-are worse during sleep than wakefulness. (atsjournals.org)

The underlying defect in sleep-related disorders, including OSA, is an anatomically narrowed upper airway combined with abnormal pharyngeal dilator muscle collapsibility 7 . (cdho.org)
Children with psychiatric disorders, EEG abnormalities, epilepsy, genetic syndromes and unable to speak fluent Italian were excluded. (ersjournals.com)
Fifty-eight patients were evaluated in the Sleep Disorders Clinic, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between January and December 2000. (neurologyindia.com)
Thus, respiratory disorders during sleep are of particular importance during childhood. (atsjournals.org)
Due to space limitations, disorders limited to infancy, such as apnea of prematurity, apparent life-threatening events, and sudden infant death syndrome, will not be discussed. (atsjournals.org)
Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV) is a member of a group of inherited metabolic disorders collectively termed mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). (medscape.com)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a condition characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway closure during sleep. (neurologyindia.com)
15 episodes is considered to be moderate sleep apnea, and 30 is classified as severe. (medscape.com)

Children with craniofacial syndromes, neuromuscular diseases, medical comorbidities, or severe obstructive sleep apnea, and those younger than three years are at increased risk of developing postoperative complications and should be monitored overnight in the hospital. (aafp.org)

the investigators reported 3 cases of alcoholic patients who had the physical and biochemical abnormalities of Cushing syndrome. (medscape.com)
Many of these patients lacked the physical stigmata of Cushing syndrome, and some biochemical abnormalities resolved in a few days. (medscape.com)

During normal awake respiration, the obstructive tendency of the negative inspiratory pressure within the upper airway is balanced by the outward force of pharyngeal dilator muscle activity under central nervous system (CNS) control. (medscape.com)

Medicare currently covers the use of CPAP in beneficiaries who have been diagnosed with moderate to severe OSA when ordered and prescribed by a licensed treating physician and confirmed by polysomnography (PSG) performed in a sleep laboratory in accordance with § 240.4 of the Medicare NCD Manual. (cms.gov)

HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count) may complicate severe preeclampsia. (medscape.com)
Compared with other patients who have MPS, those with Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV) tend to have greater spine involvement with scoliosis, kyphosis, and severe gibbus, as well as platyspondyly, rib flaring, pectus carinatum, and ligamentous laxity. (medscape.com)

Sex differences in obstructive sleep apnoea. (msdmanuals.com)

We are proposing that the use of CPAP willbe covered when diagnosed using a clinical evaluation and PSG performed in a sleep laboratory. (cms.gov)

Four patients were identified in the paper which recorded the initial discovery and their clinical features were reported, including global developmental delay, hypotonia, obstructive sleep apnea, intellectual disability and seizures. (wikipedia.org)
Patients who have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) generally have smaller upper airways than normal individuals. (medscape.com)
The oral health professional plays an important role in identifying patients/clients who should be assessed by sleep specialists. (cdho.org)
Sutinen et al reported that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a poorly understood lipodystrophy and hypertriglyceridemia, which resembles Cushing syndrome, but in which plasma cortisol is not elevated. (medscape.com)
The first task in treating patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is to eliminate all possible contributing factors. (medscape.com)
Body positioning during sleep can improve SDB in some patients. (medscape.com)
The work of Neufeld et al from the late 1960s demonstrated that mucopolysaccharide accumulation in fibroblasts from patients with Hurler and Hunter syndromes could be corrected by co-culturing them with fibroblasts or tissue extracts from patients with a different MPS. (medscape.com)
Patients with Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV) can usually be clinically distinguished from patients with other MPSs because they do not have coarse facial features or mental retardation and they have additional skeletal manifestations derived from a unique spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and ligamentous laxity. (medscape.com)

From 3 percent to 12 percent of children snore, while obstructive sleep apnea syndrome affects 1 percent to 10 percent of children. (aafp.org)

In neonates, active sleep (a REM-like state) can occur for up to two-thirds of total sleep time ( 9 ), as compared with 20-25% of sleep time in adults ( 10 ). (atsjournals.org)

Yes, if previously undiagnosed sleep apnea is suspected or if previously diagnosed sleep apnea is poorly managed. (cdho.org)

In 2014, a human genetic disorder (Xia-Gibbs Syndrome) caused by de novo mutations in AHDC1 was discovered through whole-exome sequencing by Xia, et al. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic screening for rare syndromes is indicated only in the presence of specific historical or physical features. (medscape.com)

Many types of oral appliances have been designed for the treatment of sleep apnea. (medscape.com)

[5] Respiratory distress index (RDI), which is the average number of respiratory disturbances per hour of sleep, of more than 5 is considered to be diagnostic of OSA. (neurologyindia.com)
In contrast, studies of infants, children, and adolescents have shown that the respiratory rate decreases during sleep ( 2-4 ). (atsjournals.org)
During REM sleep, breathing is erratic, with variable respiratory rate and tidal volume and frequent central apneas. (atsjournals.org)

Obstructive sleep apnea involves a compromise in upper airway anatomy during sleep. (msdmanuals.com)

These children would be cared for more effectively with appropriate recognition and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing than with the use of stimulant medications. (aafp.org)

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is characterized by repetitive upper airway obstruction and consequent oxyhemoglobin desaturation during the deeper stages of sleep. (medscape.com)
Reduction of tone in this musculature and loss of compensatory reflex dilator mechanisms during deep sleep result in the airway obstruction. (medscape.com)
Children with craniofacial syndromes have fixed anatomic variations that predispose them to airway obstruction, while in children with neuromuscular disease, obstruction is caused by hypotonia. (aafp.org)

For example, treatment of OSA may reduce or eliminate bruxism during sleep. (cdho.org)

Subsequent literature regarding this newly recognized (but of course not truly new) "mast cell activation syndrome" (MCAS) included case reports as well as formal studies (mostly relatively small scale), reviews, and various proposals for formal diagnostic criteria. (degruyter.com)

We are proposing to modify the criteria for a positive sleep study to remove the requirement for a minimum two hours of continuous recorded sleep and instead recognize shorter periods of continuous recorded sleep if the total number of recorded events during that shorter period is at least the number of events that would have been required in a two hour period. (cms.gov)
[ 2 ] This may indicate that long periods of excessive alcohol intake are required for the full syndrome to develop. (medscape.com)
Airway patency tends to oscillate causing recurrent periods of apnea and recovery. (msdmanuals.com)

Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing is common in children. (aafp.org)
Sleep-disordered breathing in children is a timely public health concern, given the increasing rates of obesity and hyperactivity in this population. (aafp.org)
As demonstrated in one study, 5 a large percentage of children with hyperactivity or inattentive behaviors had underlying sleep-disordered breathing. (aafp.org)
The presenting problem in children with sleep-disordered breathing depends on the child's age. (aafp.org)
Poor growth and failure to thrive are more common in children with sleep-disordered breathing. (aafp.org)
It is therefore incumbent upon the pulmonologist to understand the effects of sleep upon breathing. (atsjournals.org)
This review will not attempt to provide a comprehensive description of all aspects of pediatric sleep-disordered breathing. (atsjournals.org)
Thus, breathing is impaired during sleep compared with wakefulness, and is further impaired during REM sleep. (atsjournals.org)
This causes paradoxical inward rib cage motion during inspiration, with resultant increased work of breathing, particularly during REM sleep when intercostal muscle activity is decreased. (atsjournals.org)

Consequences of untreated obstructive sleep apnea include failure to thrive, enuresis, attention-deficit disorder, behavior problems, poor academic performance, and cardiopulmonary disease. (aafp.org)

4 The mildest form of OSA in children is upper airway resistance syndrome. (aafp.org)
This is especially important in children, as they sleep more than adults, and have relatively more REM sleep. (atsjournals.org)

More importantly, notice that Morquio syndrome is not preventing this child from being active and fishing. (medscape.com)

The functional residual capacity (FRC) decreases with sleep ( 5 ), and upper airway resistance doubles ( 6 ). (atsjournals.org)
REM sleep is also associated with a decrease in intercostal and upper airway muscle tone. (atsjournals.org)
Sleep destabilizes patency of the upper airway, leading to partial or complete obstruction of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, or both. (msdmanuals.com)

When the patient rolls into the supine position during sleep, this lump is uncomfortable enough that the position is immediately shifted, usually without the patient awakening. (medscape.com)
Odontoid hypoplasia is the most critical skeletal feature to recognize in any patient with Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IV). (medscape.com)

Data on sleep-related changes in tidal volume in the pediatric age group are scarce, although one study in adolescents confirmed a decrease in tidal volume ( 4 ). (atsjournals.org)
Nevertheless, we decided to conduct a sleep study because sleep apnea has been associated with worsening epileptic seizures. (medscape.com)

Despite this, it is only recently that the medical community has started to scientifically evaluate sleep, and there are still large gaps in our knowledge. (atsjournals.org)

Mild bilateral ptosis was noticed from the age of 45 years. (biomedcentral.com)
The individual on the front of the scooter is 19 years old and has Morquio syndrome. (medscape.com)

In 1929, Morquio, a pediatrician in Uruguay, and Brailsford, a radiologist in England, simultaneously described cases of what is now believed to be Morquio syndrome. (medscape.com)

Anatomy15

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment46

Psychiatry and Psychology12

Phenomena and Processes19

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

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Health Care20

Geographicals1

Snoring13

Etiology1

Hypopnea3

Diagnosis7

Symptoms3

OSAS1

Chronic2

Disorders6

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Complications1

Abnormalities2

Respiration1

Polysomnography1

Severe2

Differences1

CPAP1

Patients8

Affects1

Occur1

Poorly1

Genetic2

Oral Appliances1

Respiratory3

Anatomy1

Recognition1

Airway obstruction3

Eliminate1

Diagnostic1

Periods3

Breathing9

Include1

Children2

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Upper3

Patient2

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