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Infarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryInfarction, Posterior Cerebral ArteryPosterior Cerebral ArteryMiddle Cerebral ArteryCerebral ArteriesCerebral InfarctionCerebrovascular CirculationBrain IschemiaCerebral Arterial DiseasesUltrasonography, Doppler, TranscranialIschemic Attack, TransientCerebral AngiographyArterial Occlusive DiseasesBrainAnterior Cerebral ArteryArteriesBlood Flow VelocityReperfusionBrain EdemaIntracranial Embolism and ThrombosisStrokeNeuroprotective AgentsBrain InfarctionBasilar ArteryDisease Models, AnimalCarotid Artery, InternalIntracranial AneurysmCerebrovascular DisordersTomography, X-Ray ComputedRats, Sprague-DawleyTime FactorsMagnetic Resonance AngiographyMagnetic Resonance ImagingCerebral RevascularizationCarotid ArteriesCerebral HemorrhageTemporal ArteriesReperfusion InjurySubarachnoid HemorrhageInfarction, Anterior Cerebral ArteryRats, WistarConstrictionUmbilical ArteriesIntracranial EmbolismCerebral CortexBlood PressureCircle of WillisAneurysm, RupturedPulmonary ArteryNeurologic ExaminationTissue Plasminogen ActivatorUltrasonography, DopplerVertebral ArteryCarotid Artery DiseasesRegional Blood FlowIntracranial ThrombosisCerebral VeinsLaser-Doppler FlowmetryTreatment OutcomePia MaterVasoconstrictionCarotid Artery ThrombosisIntracranial ArteriosclerosisFibrinolytic AgentsCerebral PalsyBlood-Brain BarrierVasodilationCatsAcute DiseaseCollateral CirculationCarotid StenosisEchoencephalographyThrombolytic TherapyCarotid Artery, ExternalMesenteric ArteriesRenal ArteryFemoral ArteryAngiography, Digital SubtractionCraniotomyPulsatile FlowRats, Inbred SHRCarbon DioxideEar, MiddleRecovery of FunctionHemodynamicsVasospasm, IntracranialMoyamoya DiseaseHypocapniaUltrasonography, PrenatalInjections, Intra-ArterialTetrazolium SaltsIntracranial PressureMyocardial InfarctionMuscle, Smooth, VascularHemiplegiaProspective StudiesPapioNeuronsPredictive Value of TestsAcetazolamide
InfarctionInternal carotiStrokeModel of Middle Cerebral ArteryTransientFocalStenosisRatsRecanalization of the occluded arteryMCAOPosteriorSmall infarctsTerritorial infarctLacunar infarctsCarotid arteryArterialFinal infarctAnteriorReperfusionCorticalCoronary arteryNeurologicPerfusionRight frontal lobeMagnetic resonanceLarge-vesselHypoxiaMiceBlood flowVolumeNeuronalVascularCavityScanNeurologicalVesselSubcorticalPatient'sChronicTerritoryThrombolysisLeft
Infarction16
Internal caroti6
  • Ischemia was induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats, via surgical insertion of a nylon filament into the internal carotid artery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Out of 10, 8 had large infarcts (3 massive middle cerebral artery, 2 basilar artery, 2 posterior cerebral artery, and 1 internal carotid artery infarct territory). (scienceopen.com)
  • Magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) of intracranial vessels showed nonvisualization of intracranial part of right internal carotid artery and complete reformation of right anterior cerebral artery (Fig. 2). (ijcp.in)
  • Large vessel occlusion on CT Angiography or MR Angiography (MRA) including tandem occlusion of the internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery. (who.int)
  • In patients with confirmed high-grade (70-99%) stenosis of the internal carotid artery , surgical carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is highly beneficial and has become the standard surgical treatment. (medscape.com)
  • The internal carotid artery (ICA) embryologically develops from the third primitive aortic arch. (medscape.com)
Stroke26
  • It may present as stroke or spinal cord infarct. (wikipedia.org)
  • we identify the Middle Cerebral Artery infarcts in brain stroke CT scan images by applying CNN algorithms and quantum computing circuits. (iraj.in)
  • Through these resultswe examine the benefits and drawbacks of integrating quantum machine learning technique in detecting brain stroke CT perfusion images of MCA infarcts in the future. (iraj.in)
  • Graphical presentation of the various stages of cerebral ischemia stroke, i.e., acute phase, subacute phase, and chronic phase and their contributing factors. (hindawi.com)
  • Both ASPECTS and core volume on CTP are used to estimate infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke. (ajnr.org)
  • Both the ASPECTS 1 , 2 and automated core volume on CTP 3 , 4 have been used to estimate infarct volume in the acute phase of stroke. (ajnr.org)
  • When ischemic stroke occurs, cerebral ischemia and hypoxia cause the release of excessive excitatory amino acids, mainly glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which exert excitotoxic effects on the central nervous system. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We conducted a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with definite supratentorial recent small subcortical infarcts according to the ASCO classification with baseline and follow-up MRI (≥90 days of stroke onset). (frontiersin.org)
  • Since the environment can significantly alter functional outcome without reducing infarct size we suggest that more attention should be given to the role of the laboratory environment and to long term behavioral outcome in experimental stroke. (lu.se)
  • Ons protocol stelt een nieuwe mediale cerebrale slagader occlusie techniek bij ratten om te helpen bij het bestuderen van het mechanisme van post-stroke depressie ontwikkeling en het vinden van een meer efficiënte therapie. (jove.com)
  • Nimesulide (12 mg/kg) not only reduced infarct volume but also enhanced functional recovery when the first treatment was given up to 2 h after stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cannabinoids may have therapeutic potential in disorders resulting from cerebral ischemia, including stroke, and may protect neurons from injury through a variety of mechanisms. (erowid.org)
  • We determined perfusion and diffusion thresholds from final infarct in the clinically relevant spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHRSP) rat and its normotensive control strain, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and compared three methods for penumbra calculation. (sinapse.ac.uk)
  • After permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) (WKY n = 12, SHRSP n = 15), diffusion-weighted (DWI) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) images were obtained for 4 hours post stroke and final infarct determined at 24 hours on T-2 scans. (sinapse.ac.uk)
  • yet in stroke it bears the risk of systemic hypotension, shunting of blood from the ischemic to healthy areas, increased infarcts and eventually reduced survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that in the experimental stroke model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in the mouse, substantial oxidative stress leads to 100% mortality after one week. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, post-stroke treatment with the sGC activator, BAY 60-2770, increased cerebral blood flow, prevented the breakdown of the blood brain barrier together with less apoptosis and smaller infarct volumes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and proximal arterial stenosis with hypotension that decreases cerebral blood flow in arterial watershed zones (hemodynamic stroke). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The three main subtypes are: large artery stroke, cardioembolic stroke and lacunar stroke. (bmj.com)
  • Stroke due to large artery stenosis-from atherosclerosis in the carotid, vertebral or intracranial vessels-is probably primarily thromboembolic secondary to thrombosis at the site of stenosis, rather than haemodynamic. (bmj.com)
  • Genetic data suggest that risk factors relating to altered coagulation are important for both cardioembolic and large artery stroke, but less so for small vessel stroke. (bmj.com)
  • for example, in a patient with a territorial infarct, finding atrial fibrillation suggests a cardioembolic cause, or finding a ipsilateral carotid stenosis suggests a large artery stroke. (bmj.com)
  • [ 1 ] A recent hypothesis to explain the migraine-stroke association, based on experimental data obtained in mice expressing familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 mutations, is that the cerebral hyperexcitability phenotype associated with migraine might sensitize brain tissue to ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • Based on these premises, taking advantage of the reliability of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging in the estimation of cerebral tissue viability in both clinical and research settings, [ 4 ] we conducted a case-control study comparing CTP maps of migraineurs and nonmigraineurs patients with acute ischemic stroke aimed at investigating whether a personal history of migraine is associated with vulnerability to brain ischemia. (medscape.com)
  • diovascular disease, including stroke, RACE-2, which was a 9-month prospec- Systemic hypertension was defined in coronary artery disease (CAD), heart tive, multicentre study of 7847 consecu- the current registry as: either history of failure and peripheral vascular dis- tive patients with ACS from 6 adjacent hypertension diagnosed and treated ease [1-3]. (who.int)
  • It is often caused by a stroke or atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
Model of Middle Cerebral Artery2
Transient6
  • This study examines the role of microglia/macrophages in the focal infarct area after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in. (koreamed.org)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological studies in rat focal ischemia models using transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion indicate that reperfusion after an ischemic episode of 2- to 3-hour duration does not result in reduction of the size of the infarct. (nih.gov)
  • Hypoxia and ischemia are linked to oxidative stress, which can activate the oxidant-sensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel in cerebral artery endothelial cells, leading to vasodilation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Multiparametric analysis of brain injury following transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. (mpg.de)
  • Transgenic mice overexpressing XIAP in neurons show better outcome after transient cerebral ischemia. (mpg.de)
  • Proteomics of infarct evolution after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. (mpg.de)
Focal1
  • These data show that nimesulide protects against permanent focal cerebral ischemia, even with a 2 h post-treatment delay. (biomedcentral.com)
Stenosis5
  • Sclerotic changes were also seen in the coronary arteries and the left middle cerebral artery with 70% stenosis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • There is no consensus, however, on how to treat concomitant extracranial carotid artery stenosis after EVT. (lu.se)
  • Takayasu arteritis is an inflammatory vasculitis disease causing stenosis in medium and large sized arteries. (ijcp.in)
  • Arterial Doppler of upper limbs showed significant stenosis in the proximal subclavian artery. (ijcp.in)
  • If the carotid duplex is negative, imaging of the more distal carotid artery with CT angiography or MR angiography may identify a stenosis. (bmj.com)
Rats6
  • Healthy adult Sprague‑Dawley (SD) male rats were used to establish a control group, sham‑operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, empty virus group and lentivirus group. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These results suggested that HSP90β is involved in the process of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury in rats and that inhibition of HSP90β expression increases EAAT2 levels, conferring a neuroprotective effect in MCAO model rats. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Two hours after the last dose, serum lipid levels were determined and then the rats were subjected to 60 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion. (nih.gov)
  • The right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was ligated in 34 inbred, spontaneously hypertensive male rats, which were then randomly divided into three groups. (lu.se)
  • Infarct size and thalamic atrophy did not differ between the groups and graft size was similar in group B and C. There was no correlation between infarct size and motor function in any of the tests in rats housed in an enriched environment. (lu.se)
  • However, only 5 rats in the control group showed stable mNSS and infarct volume. (cnjournals.com)
Recanalization of the occluded artery1
  • 4 Several risk factors, including patients' factors 5 (older age, sex, or chronic brain damage) and periprocedural factors 6 (anesthesia, intraprocedural vasospasm, or vessel injury), may contribute to poor functional outcomes despite successful recanalization of the occluded artery with MT. However, postprocedural malignant brain edema (MBE) may also play an important role in reducing the benefit of MT. (bmj.com)
MCAO7
  • Two classical surgical approaches for intraluminal filament middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), the Longa et al. (mdpi.com)
  • A model of cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion was established using the MCAO method. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Physique 1 Acute inhibition of TAK1 during oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) is usually neuroprotective. (bioinf.org)
  • Primary cortical neurons were either activated with TNF (10?ng/ml) … To help expand check out whether inhibition of TAK1 can be neuroprotective within an style of cerebral ischemia we subjected mice to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). (bioinf.org)
  • We found that intracerebroventricular injection of OZ (4?ng or 14?ng) at 20?min before MCAO significantly reduced the infarct volume (Number 1e). (bioinf.org)
  • To test whether the reduction in infarct size also has an impact on mouse behavior we performed corner checks.24 Ctsl Mice that were injected Docetaxel (Taxotere) with the solvent DMSO showed an increased rate of ideal turnings after MCAO. (bioinf.org)
  • Maximum infarct volume was exhibited over the first week after MCAO, which progressively inhibited ischemic core expansion, manifested by enhanced functional recovery of the affected hand over 12 weeks after MCAO. (en-journal.org)
Posterior3
  • Lateral projection of a left common carotid artery injection that displays the order of branching in the intracranial carotid, including 1: ophthalmic, 2: posterior communicating, 3: anterior choroidal, and 4: anterior cerebral arteries. (medscape.com)
  • This gives rise to the superior hypophyseal perforators to the anterior pituitary and stalk, posterior communicating artery (PCoA), and anterior choroidal artery (AChA) before bifurcating into the ACA and MCA (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The PCoA extends posteriorly to connect with the primary segment of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA), allowing collateral flow to pass between the anterior and posterior circulations. (medscape.com)
Small infarcts3
  • small infarcts involved the left frontal lobe and the right parietal lobe. (cdc.gov)
  • Myelin stain showed diffuse myelin pallor of the cerebral white matters with scattered small infarcts. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Small infarcts were also seen in the putamen and in the thalamus. (unboundmedicine.com)
Territorial infarct1
Lacunar infarcts2
  • Old lacunar infarcts involving the right frontal region. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Lacunes are defined as small round or oval subcortical lesions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) isointense cavity on MRI ( 5 - 7 ), and often regarded as the consequence of previous recent small subcortical infarcts, so-called lacunar infarcts. (frontiersin.org)
Carotid artery3
  • CT angiography brain showed luminal narrowing in upper limb arteries, carotid artery and vertebral artery. (ijcp.in)
  • CT angiogram of brain (Fig. 3) and chest (Fig. 4) showed complete occlusion of right common carotid artery and 50% occlusion of left common carotid, 20% to 30% luminal narrowing of both internal and external carotid artery, occlusion of left and right vertebral artery, both subclavian artery occlusion (30% occlusion), both axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar artery and descending thoracic aorta (20% occlusion). (ijcp.in)
  • This artery arises from the common carotid artery in the neck, entering the head at skull base via the carotid canal, and terminates at the bifurcation into the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA). (medscape.com)
Arterial3
Final infarct2
  • In a case-control design, we compared the proportion of subjects with no-mismatch, the volume of penumbra salvaged, as well as the final infarct size in a group of patients with migraine and a group of patients with no history of migraine. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, there was no difference in final infarct size among the 3 migraine subgroups ( P =0.312). (medscape.com)
Anterior5
  • We defined supratentorial recent small subcortical infarct as a single, round or oval, supratentorial subcortical ischemic lesion of increased signal on diffusion-weighted image (DWI) ≤20 mm distributed in the territory of lenticulostriate, choroidal anterior, thalamic, or perforating medullary branch. (frontiersin.org)
  • A watershed infarct is demonstrated between the anterior- and middle-cerebral artery territories. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • ACHA, anterior choroidal artery. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • The cavernous segment averages 39 mm in length and gives rise to far more branches, including the meningohypophyseal trunk, the anterior meningeal artery, the artery to the inferior portion of the cavernous sinus, and the ophthalmic artery. (medscape.com)
  • The 2 ACAs connect through the anterior communicating artery (ACoA), thus joining the left and right carotid circulations. (medscape.com)
Reperfusion2
  • The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in heat shock protein (HSP)90β expression and verify whether HSP90β regulates EAAT2 expression in a cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Reperfusion plays an important role in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. (nih.gov)
Cortical2
  • Infarct volumes (cortical, subcortical and total) and functional recovery, assessed by neurological score evaluation and rotarod performance test, were performed 24 h after pMCAO. (biomedcentral.com)
  • R(+)-WIN 55212-2 also protected cultured cerebral cortical neurons from in vitro hypoxia and glucose deprivation, but in contrast to the receptor-mediated neuroprotection observed in vivo, this in vitro effect was not stereoselective and was insensitive to CB1 and CB2 receptor antagonists. (erowid.org)
Coronary artery1
  • Patients commonly present with limb claudication, coronary artery disease and renal hypertension. (ijcp.in)
Neurologic3
  • 7 It can result in increased intracranial pressure, rapid neurologic deterioration, and cerebral herniation. (bmj.com)
  • Infarcts that occur within the vast distribution of this vessel lead to diverse neurologic sequelae. (medscape.com)
  • Intracranial arteries are involved in many neurologic disorders. (medscape.com)
Perfusion2
  • The cerebral circulation exhibits unique capabilities that allows it to adjust to varying environmental conditions and pathophysiological situations so as to maintain optimal perfusion and minimize such injury. (elifesciences.org)
  • This is due to reduced perfusion of the caudate nucleus which typically gets its blood supply from the lenticuostriate vessels (i.e. deep perforating branches of the middle cerebral artery) [2, 4]. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
Right frontal lobe1
  • MRI of brain showed acute infarct in right frontal lobe, right caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus and right corona radiata (Fig. 1). (ijcp.in)
Magnetic resonance5
Large-vessel1
  • Takayasu arteritis is a large vessel vasculitis, which mostly affects the aorta, carotid arteries and renal vessels. (ijcp.in)
Hypoxia4
  • The Ca 2+ -related activation of intracellular second messenger systems, the increase in reactive oxygen species formation, as well as hypoxia itself triggers the expression of a large number of pro-inflammatory genes following cerebral ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We hypothesized that TRPA1 channels in endothelial cells are activated by hypoxia-derived reactive oxygen species, leading to cerebral artery dilation and reduced ischemic damage. (elifesciences.org)
  • Using isolated cerebral arteries expressing a Ca 2+ biosensor in endothelial cells, we show that 4-hydroxynonenal and hypoxia increased TRPA1 activity, detected as TRPA1 sparklets. (elifesciences.org)
  • Hypoxia caused dilation of cerebral arteries, which was disrupted by antioxidants, TRPA1 blockade and by endothelial cell-specific Trpa1 deletion ( Trpa1 ecKO mice). (elifesciences.org)
Mice3
  • Loss of TRPA1 channels in endothelial cells increased cerebral infarcts, whereas TRPA1 activation with cinnamaldehyde reduced infarct in wildtype, but not Trpa1 ecKO, mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Pires and Earley studied TRPA1 channels in brain arteries from mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. (mpg.de)
Blood flow2
  • In the experimental group, a sudden decrease of regional cerebral blood flow from baseline (before ischemia) to approximately 30% of baseline confirmed the correct placement of nylon thread. (cnjournals.com)
  • Along with the observation that migraine mutants had an elevated minimum cerebral blood flow threshold required for tissue survival and developed larger infarcts, these findings directly support the hypothesis that brain tissue in migraineurs is more susceptible to ischemic injury. (medscape.com)
Volume5
  • We investigated the incidence of cavity formation, the infarct volume change, and the positional relationship between infarct lesions and preexisting white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) of presumed vascular origin. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we examined the long-term evolution of recent small subcortical infarcts by using MRI and identified the incidence of cavity formation, the infarct volume and diameter reduction, and the positional relationship between infarct lesions and WMHs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Om het infarct volume te meten, scan de voorbereide gekleurde hersenen plakjes op een 1, 600 bij 1, 600 stippen per inch resolutie en gewas en standaardiseren van de schaal voor alle beelden. (jove.com)
  • 0.01) diminish infarct volume. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The fresh brain slices were stained with 2% 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and the relative infarct volume was measured. (cnjournals.com)
Neuronal1
Vascular2
  • G-protein-coupled receptors and ion channels present on the endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that form the walls of cerebral blood vessels initiate many of the signaling cascades that enable these intrinsic adaptive processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Figure 7 demonstrates the main cerebral vascular territories. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
Cavity3
  • More than one-third of recent small subcortical infarcts do not lead to cavity formation and 40% of infarct lesions overlap with WMHs. (frontiersin.org)
  • The incidence of cavity formation after infarct varies widely among studies, ranging from 28 to 94% ( 8 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This portion gives rise to the caroticotympanic artery, supplying the tympanic cavity, and the pterygoid or vidian branch passing through the pterygoid canal. (medscape.com)
Scan2
Neurological1
  • Subsequently, brain infarct size, brain edema and Evans Blue dye extravasations were measured and neurological deficits were scored. (nih.gov)
Vessel1
  • The MCA is by far the largest cerebral artery and is the vessel most commonly affected by cerebrovascular accident. (medscape.com)
Subcortical5
  • Morphological changes of recent small subcortical infarcts are not well defined. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our data indicate the continuity between recent small subcortical infarcts and WMHs. (frontiersin.org)
  • We used the ASCO classification ( 12 ) in order to select the patients with definite recent small subcortical infarct. (frontiersin.org)
  • Among these, 984 patients were clinically diagnosed with definite or possible supratentorial recent small subcortical infarct. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using this approach, we identified 537 patients with definite supratentorial recent small subcortical infarct as reported previously ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
Patient's1
  • The patient's age, livedo and middle cerebral artery infarct, as well as her nonrevealing workup on repeat antiphospholipid antibody labs and hypercoagulable studies, were concerning for Sneddon syndrome. (the-rheumatologist.org)
Chronic1
  • This syndrome mainly occurs in middle-age men who have predisposing factors, such as chronic alcoholism, altered immune state, dural fistula, and ear or sinus infections. (cdc.gov)
Territory2
Thrombolysis1
  • 3 Başkent University Medical School Hospital, Departments of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey Early detection of acute infarct has been more important since the introduction of new therapeutic regimens such as thrombolysis. (dergisi.org)
Left1