Microtubules are structures. Medical search. Frequent questions

Interest in microtubules increased, as these cylindrical polymer structures were recognized as essential components of the cytoskeleton required for cell growth and maintaining cell shape (12) . (cytoskeleton.com)
Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
They are involved in maintaining the structure of the cell and, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, they form the cytoskeleton. (wikipedia.org)
Cell migration essential for malignant cell invasion and metastasis requires cross-communication between the microtubule system and actin cytoskeleton. (conferencedequebec.org)
Structure formation and constant reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton are key requirements for the function of living cells. (nature.com)
The spastin protein plays a role in the function of microtubules, which are rigid, hollow fibers that make up the cell's structural framework (the cytoskeleton). (medlineplus.gov)
The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
Microtubules and actin, components of the cytoskeleton, are responsible for cell structure, motility and division. (photonics.com)
There are three types of fibers within the cytoskeleton: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules (Figure 1). (lumenlearning.com)
These elements of the cytoskeleton get their name from the fact that their diameter, 8 to 10 nm, is between those of microfilaments and microtubules. (lumenlearning.com)
With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. (lumenlearning.com)
A binary toxin C. difficile transferase is found in some strains and belongs to the actin-modifying adenide dinucleotide protein-ribosyltransferases, which also impair the structure of actin cytoskeleton in epithelial cells ( 15 , 16 ). (cdc.gov)
However, a recent study reports that binary toxin not only affects the actin cytoskeleton but also induces the formation of microtubule-based protrusions on the surface of epithelial cells, leading to increased adherence of bacteria ( 17 ). (cdc.gov)
Together, these results uncover new functions of CGNL1 in recruiting CAMSAP3 to junctions and regulating microtubule cytoskeleton organization and epithelial cell architecture. (bvsalud.org)

They are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin into protofilaments that can then associate laterally to form a hollow tube, the microtubule. (wikipedia.org)
There are many proteins that bind to microtubules, including the motor proteins dynein and kinesin, microtubule-severing proteins like katanin, and other proteins important for regulating microtubule dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
In vitro assays for microtubule motor proteins such as dynein and kinesin are researched by fluorescently tagging a microtubule and fixing either the microtubule or motor proteins to a microscope slide, then visualizing the slide with video-enhanced microscopy to record the travel of the motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
This allows the movement of the motor proteins along the microtubule or the microtubule moving across the motor proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Certain proteins linked to microtubules control their polymerization (MAPs). (risingacademy.org)
Microtubules can cooperate with other proteins or function independently to create more complicated structures. (risingacademy.org)
Kinesin-8s are dual-activity motor proteins that can move processively on microtubules and depolymerize microtubule plus-ends, but their mechanism of combining these distinct activities remains unclear. (nature.com)
The similarity of carbon nanotube s to microtubules suggests a potential to interact with cellular biomolecules, such as the mitotic spindle, as well as the motor proteins that separate the chromosomes during cell division. (cdc.gov)
A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
It comprises three major filament systems-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-along with a host of adaptors, regulators, molecular motors, and additional structural proteins. (cshlpress.com)
Dr. Oakley was interested in identifying proteins which associate with microtubules in the cytoplasm, particularly during the breakdown of microtubule filaments. (databasefootball.com)
All IF proteins have a similar structure with a central helical rod domain and more variable head and tail domains. (daviddarling.info)
The walls of the microtubule are made of polymerized dimers of α -tubulin and β -tubulin, two globular proteins (Figure 5). (lumenlearning.com)
Protein conjugation with SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier peptide) is a reversible post-translational modification that modulates rapid changes in the structure, interaction(s) and localization of proteins. (bvsalud.org)

A microtubule is a cellular structure, part of what is called the mitotic spindle apparatus, which normally determines cleavage direction. (brown.edu)
Our results are the first to tubes (SWCNT) suggest the potential to interact report disruption of the mitotic spindle by with critical biological structures. (cdc.gov)
The nanotube bundles are similar to the potential of nanotubes to induce genetic damage size of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle in normal lung cells, cultured primary and immor- and may be incorporated into the mitotic spindle talized human airway epithelial cells were apparatus. (cdc.gov)

Microtubules can also morph into other forms such as helical filaments, which are observed in protist organisms like foraminifera. (wikipedia.org)
The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)
Here we show that a minimal reconstituted system consisting of actin filaments, crosslinking molecules and molecular-motor filaments exhibits a generic mechanism of structure formation, characterized by a broad distribution of cluster sizes. (nature.com)
Within the myoblasts, long filaments called microtubules are arranged in an overlapping linear pattern. (elifesciences.org)
used microscopy to observe the formation of the microtubule filaments in living myoblasts. (elifesciences.org)
Microtubule filaments composed of tubulins are now known to play an active role in chromosome separation. (databasefootball.com)
But a pertinent question remains: how do tubulins organize themselves into microtubule filaments? (databasefootball.com)
At that time, there were only two known types of tubulins that make up microtubules: alpha and beta tubulin, and alpha and beta tubulins are just the building blocks that create microtubule filaments. (databasefootball.com)
Model organisms were once again critical in answering the question of how tubulins are organized into microtubule filaments in 1989 in the lab of Dr. Berl Oakley. (databasefootball.com)
These human epithelial cells were labeled with fluorescent markers specific for microtubules (green), actin filaments (red) and DNA (blue). (photonics.com)
Intermediate filaments (IFs), are so called because, at 10 nanometers in diameter, they are typically intermediate in size between microfilaments and microtubules . (daviddarling.info)
Ultrastructural analysis of LRRK2-microtubule filaments. (ucsd.edu)
In cells, tubulin molecules arrange themselves into tube-like structures, the microtubule filaments. (psi.ch)

Microtubules play a crucial role in segregating chromosomes from one cell to another during cell mitosis and division. (databasefootball.com)
From the knowledge gained through pioneering studies in both simple and complex model organisms such as these, we now know that microtubules interact with chromosomes during the entire cell cycle, not just during cell division. (databasefootball.com)
Furthermore, chromosomes are structures within the nucleus that are made up of DNA, the genetic material. (coursehero.com)
In eukaryotes, chromosomes are linear structures. (coursehero.com)

The protein localizes to the cytoplasmic microtubule network and binds APCL, a homolog of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor gene. (nih.gov)
The KO of CGNL1 results in disorganized cytoplasmic microtubules and irregular nuclei alignment in mouse intestinal epithelial cells, altered cyst morphogenesis in cultured kidney epithelial cells, and disrupted planar apical microtubules in mammary epithelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

All eukaryotic cells have microtubules in their cytoplasm, with the uncommon exception of human erythrocytes. (risingacademy.org)
While all eukaryotic cells contain the aforementioned organelles and structures, there are some striking differences between animal and plant cells. (coursehero.com)

However, initial fixation methods at that time did not preserve the tubulin structure for it to be observed consistently. (cytoskeleton.com)
In 1963, after the development of using glutaraldehyde as a fixative, the consistency and resolution of tubulin improved, and the term "microtubules" (MTs) was introduced (4-6) . (cytoskeleton.com)
In contrast to those of the olfactory axons, microtubules assembled in vitro from frog brain tubulin did not show luminal material. (rupress.org)
Tubulin and microtubule-mediated processes, like cell locomotion, were seen by early microscopists, like Leeuwenhoek (1677). (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotes, microtubules are long, hollow cylinders made up of polymerized α- and β-tubulin dimers. (wikipedia.org)
These α/β-tubulin dimers polymerize end-to-end into linear protofilaments that associate laterally to form a single microtubule, which can then be extended by the addition of more α/β-tubulin dimers. (wikipedia.org)
The lateral association of the protofilaments generates a pseudo-helical structure, with one turn of the helix containing 13 tubulin dimers, each from a different protofilament. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, assembling tubulin in the formation of microtubules is a well-planned and regulated procedure. (risingacademy.org)
In this study, we focused on compounds having a taxane skeleton structure and examined their effects on tubulin dynamics. (elsevierpure.com)
These data reveal that the microtubule depolymerization activity of kinesin-8 originates from conformational changes of its motor core that are amplified by dynamic contacts between its extended loop-2 and tubulin. (nature.com)
On curved microtubule ends, loop-1 inserts into preceding motor domains, forming head-to-tail arrays of kinesin-8s that complement loop-2 contacts with curved tubulin and assist depolymerization. (nature.com)
On straight tubulin protofilaments in the microtubule lattice, loop-2-tubulin contacts inhibit conformational changes in the motor core, but in the ADP-Pi state these contacts are relaxed, allowing neck-linker docking for motility. (nature.com)
We propose that these tubulin shape-induced alternations between pro-microtubule-depolymerization and pro-motility kinesin states, regulated by loop-2, are the key to the dual activity of kinesin-8 motors. (nature.com)
An important gap in our understanding of the kinesin-8 depolymerization mechanism is the lack of a kinesin-8 structure bound to curved tubulin. (nature.com)
As an unknown tubulin gene, this gene had never been studied, so Dr. Oakley's team set out to isolate and understand why this particular gene was important for microtubules. (databasefootball.com)
They were surprised to discover that this gene, which they named Gamma tubulin , was the foundation of microtubule formation. (databasefootball.com)
In computer simulations conducted in collaboration with the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa, the researchers combed through the structure of the protein: They identified places where other molecules could dock particularly well to tubulin. (psi.ch)

They also make up the internal structure of cilia and flagella. (wikipedia.org)
Microtubules are nucleated and organized by microtubule-organizing centres, such as the centrosome found in the center of many animal cells or the basal bodies of cilia and flagella, or the spindle pole bodies found in most fungi. (wikipedia.org)
Cilia consist of an axoneme built of microtubules, enveloped by a specialized membrane. (europa.eu)
Microtubules are also the structural elements of flagella, cilia, and centrioles (the latter are the two perpendicular bodies of the centrosome). (lumenlearning.com)
They are also involved in the assembly and function of microtubule-based structures such as CILIA and CENTRIOLES. (bvsalud.org)

IFs, however, are different to microfilaments and microtubules in a number of fundamental respects. (daviddarling.info)

In fact, in animal cells, the centrosome is the microtubule-organizing center. (lumenlearning.com)

The most common form of a microtubule consists of 13 protofilaments in the tubular arrangement. (wikipedia.org)
Other bacterial microtubules have a ring of five protofilaments. (wikipedia.org)
Typically, microtubules are formed by the parallel association of thirteen protofilaments, although microtubules composed of fewer or more protofilaments have been observed in various species as well as in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
The protofilaments bundle parallel to one another with the same polarity, so, in a microtubule, there is one end, the (+) end, with only β-subunits exposed, while the other end, the (−) end, has only α-subunits exposed. (wikipedia.org)
There are two distinct types of interactions that can occur between the subunits of lateral protofilaments within the microtubule called the A-type and B-type lattices. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, there are 13 protofilaments in each microtubule, each made up of dimers that run perpendicular to the tubule's long axis. (risingacademy.org)

Y Chromosome: Definition, Structure, Functions and Forensic Significance. (risingacademy.org)
Chromosome segregation requires robust interactions between the macromolecular kinetochore structure and dynamic microtubule polymers. (mit.edu)
Nucleolar and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 (NuSAP1) is an important mitotic regulator, implicated in control of mitotic microtubule stability and chromosome segregation. (bvsalud.org)
3R" and "4R" tau refer to the products of the alternative splicing of the MAPT gene (chromosome 17), which generates tau species with either three or four conserved ~32 amino acid repeats in the microtubule binding domain. (medscape.com)

Purified oMAP4 aligns dynamic microtubules into antiparallel bundles that withstand motor forces in vitro. (elifesciences.org)
Purified motors and microtubules have previously been observed to form asters in vitro 5 . (sciforums.com)

One end of the tubule called the A end (or net assembly end), and the other end, called the D end, are used to preferentially add dimers to form microtubules (or net disassembly end). (risingacademy.org)

Microtubules go through reversible assembly and disassembly based on the needs of the cell or organelles (i.e., polymerization-depolymerization). (risingacademy.org)
Paclitaxel (Taxol), one of the most potent anticancer drugs, is a microtubule-stabilizing compound that inhibits microtubule depolymerization within the cell. (elsevierpure.com)
A lack of high-resolution structures capturing a kinesin-8 motor domain at each major step of its motile and microtubule depolymerization cycles has limited our understanding of the relationship between these two catalytic cycles and the structural elements of the motor domain that control them. (nature.com)
At this time, our knowledge of the catalytic cycles of kinesins is limited to motile kinesins that are incapable of microtubule depolymerization, and to microtubule-depolymerizing kinesins that are non-motile. (nature.com)

EB1 protein binds specifically to the plus-ends of microtubules [16] placing EB1 in an ideal spatial position to mediate cross-talk with actin. (conferencedequebec.org)
In addition, through cross-linking analysis in human cells and biochemical reconstitution, we show that the Astrin-SKAP complex binds synergistically to microtubules with the Ndc80 complex to form an integrated interface. (mit.edu)

We also determined a crystal structure of microtubule-unbound Ca Kip3-ADP (2.0 Å) and analyzed the biochemical activity of Ca Kip3 and kinesin-1 mutants. (nature.com)
Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)

We also show that the intricate interplay between force generation, coarsening and connectivity is responsible for the highly dynamic process of structure formation in this heterogeneous active gel, and that these competing mechanisms result in anomalous transport, reminiscent of intracellular dynamics. (nature.com)
The book is thus essential reading for students learning about intracellular structure. (cshlpress.com)
Ciliary development and maintenance depend critically on a specific, microtubule-based intracellular transport mechanism, intraflagellar transport (IFT). (europa.eu)

The GAP activity of Tum is required for cytokinesis: in its absence cytokinesis fails early even though Tum is present on microtubules at the cell equator where the furrow should form. (biologists.com)

At that time scientists were using the term "mitotic figures" to describe microtubules because they were observed during metaphase of mitosis. (databasefootball.com)

Furthermore, in the case of neuronal microtubules, the possibility is raised that they may serve as conduits for their own wall subunits. (rupress.org)

They are small, bead-like, hollow tubular structures that support cell shape maintenance. (risingacademy.org)
Particular organelles are moved about the cell by microtubule "conveyor belts" or "roadways. (risingacademy.org)
The plus-ends of microtubules target the cell cortex to modulate actin protrusion dynamics and polarity but little is known from the molecular system that couples the interaction. (conferencedequebec.org)
These findings support a model where EB1 protein links microtubules to actin protrusion and cell polarity through signaling pathways including PKC. (conferencedequebec.org)
Microtubule-associated protein/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases (MARKs)/PAR-1 are common regulators of cell polarity that are conserved from nematode to human. (elsevierpure.com)
This layer of cellulose fiber gives the cell most of its support and structure. (enchantedlearning.com)
The cell wall also bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant. (enchantedlearning.com)
Microtubules are also involved in transporting cell components and facilitating cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
Using early imaging techniques, scientists observed these structures as being most pronounced during metaphase but then gradually disappearing during later stages of cell division. (databasefootball.com)
Microtubules also enable many biological processes, such as protein transport within cells and cell to cell communication. (databasefootball.com)
Although the positioning signal is likely to be transmitted via the anaphase microtubule array to the cell cortex, exactly how the microtubule array determines the site of contractile ring formation remains unresolved. (biologists.com)
Disruption of the Pebble-interacting domain leaves Tum localised to the cell equator on cortically associated microtubules, again with no evidence of furrowing. (biologists.com)
Microtubules are found in the interior of the cell where they maintain cell shape by resisting compressive forces. (lumenlearning.com)
Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
A cortical microtubule array guides the two-dimensional pattern of cell wall deposition. (bvsalud.org)

Tau protein is a highly soluble microtubule-associated protein (MAPT) and promotes microtubule polymerization and stabilization. (medscape.com)

To further elucidate the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and to identify potentially improved MT-stabilizing candidates for neurodegenerative disease, a comprehensive set of 68 triazolopyrimidine congeners bearing structural modifications at C6 and/or C7 was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. (cardiff.ac.uk)
Roll-Mecak A, Vale RD. Structural basis of microtubule severing by the hereditary spastic paraplegia protein spastin. (medlineplus.gov)
With the rapid progress and improvements in the fields of macromolecular crystallography, Cryo-EM, small angle scattering, electron diffraction and use of XFELs, the new LINXS theme INTEGRATIVE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY is formed to advance cutting-edge research and to encourage new users to utilize integrative structure biology to address key scientific questions. (lu.se)

Microtubules have a distinct polarity that is critical for their biological function. (wikipedia.org)
As a result, every microtubule has a distinct polarity since its two ends are not physically identical. (risingacademy.org)

The inner space of the hollow microtubule cylinders is referred to as the lumen. (wikipedia.org)
Each microtubule looks to have a light or hollow core and a dense wall that is 6 nm thick. (risingacademy.org)
As their name implies, microtubules are small hollow tubes. (lumenlearning.com)
Microtubules are hollow. (lumenlearning.com)

Microtubules play an important role in a number of cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
Consequently, some microtubule processes can be determined by kymograph. (wikipedia.org)
Is consciousness to be found in quantum processes in microtubules? (sciforums.com)
Based on this research, you might understand how important microtubules are for normal biological processes. (databasefootball.com)

We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)

The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. (enchantedlearning.com)

The exon 9 missense mutations reduce the binding of tau to microtubules, enhancing 3-repeat tau assembly, while the deletion in exon 10 and mutations in intron 10 have been proven to disrupt exon 10 splicing causing decrease of 4-repeat tau mRNA transcripts and increase of 3-repeat tau. (medscape.com)

AD is characterized diagnostically by two histologic findings: (1) extracellular amorphus eosinophilic deposits of amyloid consisting of Aβ peptides (a cleavage product of amyloid precursor protein [APP]), which are referred to as amyloid plaques, and (2) intraneuronal aggregates of abnormally modified microtubule-associated protein tau (neurofibrillary tangles) (see the image below). (medscape.com)

This raises the possibility that the material might be translocated within the microtubule lumen and tends to accumulate as it moves distally toward the axon terminal. (rupress.org)

however, the long thin tubular-shaped carbon nanotube s have a striking similarity to cellular microtubules. (cdc.gov)

These data support a model in which Tum/RacGAP, via its interaction with Pbl, provides a critical link between the anaphase microtubule spindle and cytokinetic furrow formation in Drosophila cells. (biologists.com)

These experiments will place my lab in a unique position to push forward our understanding of the relationship between structure, function and dynamics of transport of this fascinating and fundamental organelle. (europa.eu)
in Material Science at INSA-Lyon (University of Lyon, France) in 2003 and his PhD at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, under the supervision of Prof. Matthias Ballauff in 2009 at the Department of Physical Chemistry I on the "Structure, Dynamics and Association of Thermoresponsive Core-Shell Particles" ( https://epub.uni-bayreuth.de/513/ ). (lu.se)

Writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers suggest that the magnetic field forced cellular protein ropes, called microtubules, to orient parallel to it, re-orienting the cleavages. (brown.edu)

We demonstrate that the growth of the structures depends on the intricate balance between crosslinker-induced stabilization and simultaneous destabilization by molecular motors, a mechanism analogous to nucleation and growth in passive systems. (nature.com)

The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)

By manipulating microtubules, plant scientists may be able to produce plants that make more cellulose, or cellulose that is easier to break down for fuel. (warwick.ac.uk)

Here we study the extent and the characteristics of self-organization using microtubules and molecular motors 2 as a model system. (sciforums.com)
The left image shows the molecular structure of the tube. (lumenlearning.com)

These cells contain stacks of structures called sarcomeres that enable the cells to contract and generate the force required for movement. (elifesciences.org)
This image shows filamentous structures called mictrotubules (green) in Arabidopsis leaf cells. (warwick.ac.uk)
Microtubules help to ensure the correct production of cellulose fibres by plant cells. (warwick.ac.uk)
These microtubules function as the "skeleton" of cells which give cells their shape and maintain their integrity. (databasefootball.com)
Smaller cells, for example, may lack internal structures that are large enough to be flipped by a magnetic field, she said. (brown.edu)
Experiments show that anaesthetic drugs reduce how long tiny structures found in brain cells can sustain suspected quantum excitations. (newscientist.com)
A specialized structure found inside cells that carries out a specific life process (e.g. ribosomes, vacuoles). (coursehero.com)
Morphological response of cells to environment involves concerted rearrangements of microtubules and actin microfilaments. (bvsalud.org)

Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nm and have an inner diameter between 11 and 15 nm. (wikipedia.org)
In fibrillary glomerulonephritis, the diameter of the microfibrils and microtubules varies from 20 to 30 nm. (msdmanuals.com)

A mutant of WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE5 (WDL5), which encodes an ethylene-regulated microtubule-associated protein belonging to the WVD2/WDL family in Arabidopsis thaliana, shows attenuation in the temporal root growth reduction in response to mechanical stress. (bvsalud.org)

We propose a model in which the Astrin-SKAP complex acts together with the Ndc80 complex to stabilize correctly formed kinetochore-microtubule interactions. (mit.edu)
Responsive Hydrogel Colloids: Structure, Interactions, Phase Behaviour and Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Transitions of Microgel Dispersions. (lu.se)

Our work demonstrates that the Astrin-SKAP complex contains separable kinetochore localization and microtubule binding domains. (mit.edu)

Thylakoid disks are disk-shaped membrane structures in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. (enchantedlearning.com)
The nuclear envelope is a double-membrane structure that constitutes the outermost portion of the nucleus. (coursehero.com)
Fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathies are rare conditions defined pathologically by organized deposition of nonamyloid microfibrillar or microtubular structures within the renal mesangium and basement membrane. (msdmanuals.com)

Ultrastructure expansion microscopy shows that CAMSAP3-capped microtubules are tethered to junctions by the ZO-1-associated pool of CGNL1. (bvsalud.org)
Electron microscopy shows glomerular deposits consisting of extracellular, elongated, nonbranching microfibrils or microtubules. (msdmanuals.com)

Counts of microtubules showing luminal material were obtained for axons in the proximal and distal ends of the olfactory nerve, and it was found that 16-18% more of the microtubules in the distal regions showed the luminal component. (rupress.org)
Recently an actin-like protein has been found in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which forms a microtubule-like structure called a nanotubule, involved in plasmid segregation. (wikipedia.org)
These components are known to participate in the formation of many cellular structures, such as the dynamic asters found in mitotic and meiotic spindles 3 , 4 . (sciforums.com)

We addressed this by obtaining cryo-EM structures (2.6-3.9 Å) of Candida albicans Kip3 in different catalytic states on the microtubule lattice and on a curved microtubule end mimic. (nature.com)

Anatomy36

Organisms17

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Phenomena and Processes35

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care2

Cytoskeleton14

Proteins15

Mitotic spindle3

Filaments13

Chromosomes4

Cytoplasmic2

Eukaryotic cells2

Tubulin17

Cilia5

Microfilaments and microtubules1

Centrosome1

Protofilaments6

Chromosome4

Vitro2

Dimers1

Depolymerization4

Binds2

Kinesin2

Intracellular3

Cytokinesis1

Mitosis1

Neuronal1

Cell16

Polymerization1

Structural3

Polarity2

Hollow4

Processes4

Dynein1

Centrosomes1

Mutations1

Protein tau1

Lumen1

Tubular1

Spindle1

Dynamics2

Parallel1

Stabilization1

Form1

Scientists1

Molecular2

Cells8

Diameter2

ENCODES1

Interactions2

Localization1

Membrane3

Microscopy2

Found3

Catalytic1