Microtubule plus ends cytoplasmic dyneins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 transports intracellular cargo towards microtubule minus ends. (bvsalud.org)
The 33-residue LIS1 homology (LisH) motif is found in eukaryotic intracellular proteins involved in microtubule dynamics, cell migration, nucleokinesis and chromosome segregation. (embl.de)
Dyneins are large microtubule motor proteins required for mitosis intracellular transport and ciliary and flagellar motility1 2 They generate force through a powerstroke mechanism which is an ATP-consuming cycle of pre- and post-powerstroke conformational changes that cause relative motion between different dynein domains3-5. (researchensemble.com)
Dyneins can be either axonemal, facilitating the movement of cilia and flagella, or cytoplasmic, transporting several intracellular cargos along microtubule tracks. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
The cytoplasmic dyneins function in intracellular motility, including retrograde axonal transport, protein sorting, organelle movement, and spindle dynamics. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Microtubules are essential for chromosome segregation, intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, directed cell migration and differentiation. (mechanochemistry.org)
My lab focuses on the mechanisms that generate specific microtubule arrays in polarised cells, the dynamic interactions of microtubule tips with intracellular structures and the cell cortex to control cell shape changes and the transport along microtubule arrays mediated by dynein and kinesins. (mechanochemistry.org)

Dynein light chain Tctex-type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DYNLT1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoplasmic dynein is the major motor protein complex responsible for minus-end, microtubule-based motile processes. (wikipedia.org)
While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
Dynein1 is a large minus-end directed, microtubule motor protein complex that has been implicated in multiple, essential cellular processes. (nih.gov)
Spindly is a protein that targets dynein/dynactin to kinetochores in mitosis and can activate its motility in vitro . (biologists.com)
The head of the non-motor protein cannot bind to ATP, although it can bind to microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
this raises questions about how the Kar3 motor protein moves along the microtubule, and whether this affects the roles the motor performs. (elifesciences.org)
u003cbr /\u003e In the present study,Ishowed that a movement of autophagosome along microtubules is required for its targeting to lysosomes, and that IL3, an autophagosome binding protein,is a key molecule in assembly of autophagosome, dynein motor, and microtubules. (soken.ac.jp)
Here we sought to determine whether the microtubule-severing protein known as katanin mediates microtubule release from the neuronal centrosome. (silverchair.com)
Dynein is a ~1.2 MDa cytoskeletal motor protein that carries organelles via retrograde transport in eukaryotic cells. (mun.ca)
The motor protein belongs to the ATPase family of proteins associated with diverse cellular activities and plays a critical role in transporting cargoes to the minus end of the microtubules. (mun.ca)
Utilizing the refined structure of the motor domain obtained through protein conformational search in this study exhibits that Arg1852 of the yeast cytoplasmic dynein could involve in the "glutamate switch" mechanism in cytoplasmic dynein 1 in lieu of the conserved Asn in AAA+ protein family. (mun.ca)
2005). Kif18A is a member of the kinesin-8 protein family characterized by its unique dual functionality, which couples a highly processive motor activity with the ability to destabilize microtubules by specifically depolymerizing them at their plus end (Mayr et al. (uni-konstanz.de)
Far Thus, the microtubule electric motor protein dynein may be the just known drive generator. (researchassistantresume.com)
Dynein is a microtubule motor protein that uses the energy contained in ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules to move. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)
In the axon, MTs are bundled by the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau, with their plus ends oriented toward the nerve terminal. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
see also Asai and Koonce, 2001) shows that the more complex protein family of cilial dynein has an obvious ancestor in a simpler cytoplasmic dynein (which itself appears to be a result of a four-fold duplication of a smaller motif). (fact-index.com)
Since the discovery of an evolutionary conserved cytoplasmic dynein complex protein LIS1 as a responsible gene for smooth brain syndrome (type 1 lissencephaly), accumulating evidence has supported the model that the nucleus is pulled forward by dynein motor activity along the microtubules extended from the leading process. (biologists.com)

In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport . (wikipedia.org)
Dynein and kinesin can both be exploited by viruses to mediate the viral replication process. (wikipedia.org)
Previous studies have indicated that kinesin-14 motors are non-processive enzymes, working in the context of multi-motor ensembles that collectively organize microtubule networks. (elifesciences.org)
Many motor proteins-including the kinesin family of these proteins-can only move in one direction along a microtubule. (elifesciences.org)
u003cbr /\u003e Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin are microtubule-dependent motor proteins responsible for transport of a variety of organelles and vesicles. (soken.ac.jp)
Dynein drives the cargo to minus-end of microtubules, while kinesin drives to plus-end of microtubules. (soken.ac.jp)
Kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins and the mechanism of organelle transport. (embl.de)
Microtubules serve as a rail on which motor proteins, such as kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins, convey their cargoes. (embl.de)
This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of organelle transport in cells and describes kinesin and dynein superfamily proteins. (embl.de)
Notably, this kinesin is required to slow down the oscillatory movements of chromosomes happening in prometaphase after their binding to kinetochore-microtubules and to increase their switch rate across the spindle equatorial region, ultimately leading to the correct chromosome positioning at the metaphase plate (Stumpff et al. (uni-konstanz.de)
Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
Kinesin-13, an end depolymerizer of cytoplasmic and spindle microtubules, also affects the length of cilia. (emory.edu)
Thus kinesin-13 positively regulates the axoneme length, influences the properties of ciliary tubulin, and likely indirectly, through its effects on the axonemal microtubules, affects the ciliary dynein-dependent motility. (emory.edu)

Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome . (wikipedia.org)
The microtubule minus-end-directed motility of cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein), arguably the most complex and versatile cytoskeletal motor, is harnessed for diverse functions, such as long-range organelle transport in neuronal axons and spindle assembly in dividing cells. (bvsalud.org)
Moreover, the implication that the active form of Ran is concentrated in the vicinity of chromosomes suggests that these findings may resolve the long-standing question of how chromosomes can influence spindle assembly in the absence of microtubule-nucleating organelles (i.e., as in plant mitosis or mammalian meiosis). (silverchair.com)
To fulfill this task cells rely on a specialized microtubule-based structure called the mitotic spindle (Wittmann et al. (uni-konstanz.de)
2001). The assembly and the functions of the spindle apparatus are tightly regulated by the orchestrated interplay of dynamic microtubules and motor proteins (Wittmann et al. (uni-konstanz.de)

Analysis revealed a non-sense mutation in cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1 (dync1h1), a critical subunit in Dynein1, to underlie the cannonball phenotypes. (nih.gov)
Each subunit has a region called a motor domain (also known as its 'head') that can bind to the microtubule and to a molecule called ATP, which provides the energy required for the motor to step forward. (elifesciences.org)
Coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assay showed that LC3 directly interacts with the intermediate chain of cytoplasmic dynein, which is a subunit of dynein motor comples. (soken.ac.jp)
DYNC1I1 and DYNC1I2 interact with the dynein light chains and the p150 subunit of dynactin at the N terminus and with the heavy chains through WD40 repeats at the intermediate chain C terminus. (embl.de)
The cycle is mediated by dynein arms from the A subunit that attach to the B subunit of the adjacent microtubule. (medscape.com)

Together with dynactin, dynein regulates centrosomal orientation to establish and maintain cell polarity, controls focal adhesion turnover and anchors microtubules at the leading edge. (biologists.com)
In higher eukaryotes, dynein/dynactin requires additional components such as Bicaudal D to form an active motor complex and for regulating its cellular localization. (biologists.com)
Dynein is autoinhibited and undergoes conformational changes to form an active complex that consists of one or two dynein dimers, the dynactin complex, and activating adapter(s). (bvsalud.org)
The contact sites between dynein and Lis1 in this structure, termed 'Chi,' are required for Lis1's regulation of dynein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vivo and the formation of active human dynein-dynactin-activating adapter complexes in vitro. (bvsalud.org)
Overexpression of dynamitin,which is known to disrupt dynein-and dynactin-dependent organelle movement, inhibited autophagosome movements. (soken.ac.jp)
In addition, endogenous LC3 colocalized with dynein-dynactin complex. (soken.ac.jp)
These results indicate that autophagosomes are linked with the dynein-dynactin comples through the interaction between LC3 and dynein intermediate chain. (soken.ac.jp)
u003cbr /\u003e From these results, I concluded that 1) autophagosome movement is dependent on icrotubule and dynein/dynactin motor complex, 2) this movement is necessary for targeting of autophagosomes to lysosomes in mammalian cells,and 3) LC3 plays an important role in assembly of the transport machinery. (soken.ac.jp)

Dynein transports various cellular cargos , provides forces and displacements important in mitosis , and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella . (wikipedia.org)
It does this repeatedly so the chromosomes end up in the center of the cell, which is necessary in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)

The Lissencephaly 1 gene, LIS1, is genetically linked to the dynein pathway from fungi to mammals and is mutated in people with the neurodevelopmental disease lissencephaly. (bvsalud.org)
Lis1 is required for active dynein complexes to form, but how it enables this is unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we present a structure of two yeast dynein motor domains with two Lis1 dimers wedged in-between. (bvsalud.org)
Regulation of cytoplasmic dynein behaviour and microtubule organization bymammalian Lis1. (embl.de)
Here we showthat Lis1 is enriched in neurons relative to levels in other cell types,and that Lis1 interacts with the microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein.Production of more Lis1 in non-neuronal cells increases retrogrademovement of cytoplasmic dynein and leads to peripheral accumulation ofmicrotubules. (embl.de)
These changes may reflect neuron-like dynein behavioursinduced by abundant Lis1. (embl.de)
Lis1 deficiency produces the opposite phenotype.Our results indicate that abundance of Lis1 in neurons may stimulatespecific dynein functions that function in neuronal migration and axongrowth. (embl.de)

A striking example is the Drosophila oocyte, where microtubule-dependent processes govern the asymmetric positioning of the nucleus and the localization to distinct cortical domains of mRNAs that function as cytoplasmic determinants. (dundee.ac.uk)
C) Orientation of Stomach cell department does Aclacinomycin A not need cortical dynein recruiter LGN. (researchassistantresume.com)

The inner dynein arm regulates axonemal bending motion in eukaryotes. (rupress.org)

Axonemal dynein causes sliding of microtubules in the axonemes of cilia and flagella and is found only in cells that have those structures. (wikipedia.org)
Coordinated beating and bend propagation of cilia and flagella are generated by active sliding of peripheral doublet microtubules driven by ensembles of various types of dyneins. (rupress.org)
Loss of both Kin13Bp and Kin13Cp resulted in slow cell multiplication and motility, overgrowth of cell body microtubules, shortening of cilia, and synthetic lethality with either paclitaxel or a deletion of MEC-17/ATAT1, the α-tubulin acetyltransferase. (emory.edu)
The mutant cilia beat slowly and axonemes showed reduced velocity of microtubule sliding. (emory.edu)
Large motor complexes, the ciliary dyneins, are present on ciliary outer-doublet microtubules and drive movement of cilia. (emory.edu)
Normal cilia (A) compared with cilia in Kartagener syndrome with missing dynein arms (B). Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. (medscape.com)

The most widespread form of the axoneme has a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules: nine doublets surrounding a pair of singlets (the central pair microtubules), with radial spokes extending from each of the peripheral doublets toward the central pair. (rupress.org)
The polarized arrangement of microtubules, the presence of cytoplasmic dynein, and the inhibition of bile salt secretion by nocodozole are consistent with the microtubule cytoskeleton playing a fundamental role in the mediation of transcytosis, endocytosis, and bile excretory function in these hepatocytes. (johnshopkins.edu)

Molecules can be transported around a cell by so-called motor proteins that move along a network of filaments called microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
Within the myoblasts, long filaments called microtubules are arranged in an overlapping linear pattern. (elifesciences.org)

In the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar axoneme, at least 11 dynein heavy chains (three outer arm and eight inner arm) exist, and each could play crucial and distinct roles in proper flagellar functions ( Kagami and Kamiya, 1992 ). (rupress.org)
The differences observed in the post-powerstroke conformations of different dynein isoforms may be due to spatial constraints between the complexes in the axoneme or to intrinsically different functions of the dyneins. (researchensemble.com)
The typical ciliary axoneme consists of two central microtubules surrounded by 9 microtubular doublets. (medscape.com)

Actin filaments in the hepatocyte clusters were found cortically and also concentrated in a pericanalicular array, while microtubules disrupting agent, nocodazole, resulted in the microtubules depolymerizing from the basolateral surfaces towards the apical surface, indicating that the microtubules were oriented with their plus ends at the basolateral surface and their minus ends at the apical surface. (johnshopkins.edu)
Caenorhabditis elegans ANC-1, an ortholog of Nesprin-1/2, contains actin-binding and KASH domains at opposite ends of a long spectrin-like region. (ucdavis.edu)
In many migrating neurons, the nucleus translocates from the trailing to the leading edge of the cell in a manner dependent on the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, but how these cytoskeletons interact and their relative contribution to the forces that move the nucleus has remained unclear. (biologists.com)
MK & YW For better understanding of the complicated interplay between microtubule- and actin-dependent mechanisms driving nuclear migration in CGCs, we performed a high spatiotemporal resolution imaging using spinning-disk confocal microscopy. (biologists.com)

cytoplasmic dyneins and axonemal dyneins , which are also called ciliary or flagellar dyneins. (wikipedia.org)
of native dyneins in three conformational says were also analysed to compare the post-powerstroke axonemal dyneins and conservation of structural features among evolutionarily distant species (Supplementary Fig. 2). (researchensemble.com)
Physique 2 structures of sea urchin axonemal dyneins in the post-powerstroke state as revealed by cryo-ET. (researchensemble.com)
Axonemal dyneins must be precisely regulated and coordinated to produce ordered ciliary/flagellar motility, but how this is achieved is not understood. (emory.edu)

A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)

2011). Longer astral microtubules after that bind even more cytoplasmic dynein to create greater pulling drive and therefore orient department along the much longer cell axis (Minc et al. (researchassistantresume.com)

Purified oMAP4 aligns dynamic microtubules into antiparallel bundles that withstand motor forces in vitro. (elifesciences.org)

Our findings provide an example for a non-conventional translocation mechanism and can explain how Kar3 substitutes for key functions of Dynein in the yeast nucleus. (elifesciences.org)

The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
KASH proteins in the outer nuclear membrane comprise the cytoplasmic half of LINC complexes that connect nuclei to the cytoskeleton. (ucdavis.edu)

The primary function of the central sheath, radial spokes, and nexin links is to maintain the structural integrity of the cilium, whereas the dynein arms are responsible for ciliary motion. (medscape.com)

[2] [3] Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport . (wikipedia.org)
To this end, we investigate the active and passive transport of vesicles in Aplysia neurons while changing neurite tension via applied strain and quantify the resulting dynamics. (nature.com)
Vesicles alternate between active transport along microtubules and passive brownian-like motion. (nature.com)

Mammalian cytoplasmic dynein-1 complexes contain two copies of the same intermediate chain (typically DYNC1I2 in most cells, DYNC1I1 in neurons) and same light intermediate chain. (embl.de)
Importins associated with dynein are an important component of retrograde injury signalling complexes and enable transport of direct importin cargoes, such as transcription factors, as well as secondary cargoes that bind scaffolding molecules associated with importins. (nature.com)
In axonemes from mutants that lack both the outer dynein arms and the MIA complex, I1 dynein failed to assemble, suggesting physical interactions between these three axonemal complexes and a role for the MIA complex in the stable assembly of I1 dynein. (emory.edu)
LINC complexes interact with lamins in the nucleus and with various cytoplasmic KASH effectors from the surface of nuclei. (ucdavis.edu)

studied how a molecular motor made up of Kar3 and Cik1 moves along microtubules using sensitive microscopy that allows single molecules to be observed. (elifesciences.org)
Molecules of conventional cytoplasmic dynein are comprised of 2 heavy chain polypeptides and a number of intermediate and light chains.This gene encodes a member of the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain family. (utsouthwestern.edu)
While single molecules of dynein are predominantly static or diffusive on single microtubules, they walks processively on the microtubule bundles they form. (mechanochemistry.org)

We have proposed a model whereby these features of the axonal and dendritic microtubule arrays are established within the cell body of the neuron. (silverchair.com)
It's been reported the fact that series (K/R)XTQT represents a conserved cytoplasmic dynein light string (LC8) binding theme, some the microtubule-associated motors involved with minus-end aimed axonal transport, through which it could play some function in viral retrograde transport [16-18]. (techuniq.com)

Instead, Ran and its associated proteins shift their focus from nuclear transport to the regulation of microtubule dynamics. (silverchair.com)
It is suggested that LisH motifs contribute to the regulation of microtubule dynamics, either by mediating dimerisation, or else by binding cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain or microtubules directly. (embl.de)
All these processes require the organisation of microtubules into arrays with different geometry and density and the proper regulation of dynamics and interactions at the microtubule ends. (mechanochemistry.org)

Dynein is the sole processive minus-end-directed microtubule motor found in animals. (biologists.com)
Processive motors can walk continuously along a microtubule for several hundred steps, whereas non-processive motors fall off after just a few steps. (elifesciences.org)
This revealed that, contrary to what is expected from a non-processive motor, Kar3-Cik1 moves long distances on microtubules without detaching from them. (elifesciences.org)
Both mutations reduce microtubule binding, but are fast and processive motors in single molecule assays. (mechanochemistry.org)

We detected cytoplasmic dynein in skate hepatocyte homogenates by Western blotting using an anti‐dynein intermediate chain anti‐body, and immunofluorescent staining of intact hepatocytes revealed a punctate vesicular pattern. (johnshopkins.edu)
Cryo-electron tomography of mia mutant axonemes revealed that the MIA complex was located immediately distal to the intermediate/light chain complex of I1 dynein and structurally appeared to connect with the nexin-dynein regulatory complex. (emory.edu)

By analyzing the single-molecule properties of engineered motors, we demonstrate that the non-catalytic domain has a key role in the motility mechanism by acting as a 'foothold' that allows Kar3 to bias translocation towards the minus end. (elifesciences.org)
The MIA complex appears to regulate I1 dynein and possibly outer arm dyneins, which are both essential for normal motility. (emory.edu)

TCTEX1 is a dynein light chain involved in cargo binding (Chuang et al. (wikipedia.org)
i.e. the pre-I dyneins were held in place (instead of diffusing in space) by their tails anchoring to the cargo-microtubule and other domains contacting neighbouring axonemal structures. (researchensemble.com)

Our classification of dyneins from active flagella revealed that this α-ODA was in the pre-I and the β-ODA in the pre-II state in more than 90% of the classified ODA dimers. (researchensemble.com)

Recent findings by several groups have shown that the GTP-bound form of Ran is necessary for the nucleation and organization of microtubule structures during M phase. (silverchair.com)
The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)

These findings indicate that autophagosome moves along microtubules. (soken.ac.jp)
pattern-dependent era of myosin moves, in collaboration with known microtubule/dynein pathways, may expand division axis diversity during advancement greatly. (researchassistantresume.com)

It may be that katanin severs microtubules throughout the cell body to keep them sufficiently short to be efficiently transported into developing processes. (silverchair.com)
The microtubules within these processes have a consistent 13-protofilament lattice and are tightly regulated with regard to their polarity orientation. (silverchair.com)
Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)

A triplet of three radial spokes, RS1, RS2, and RS3, repeats every 96 nm along the doublet microtubules. (emory.edu)
Each spoke has a distinct base that docks to the doublet and is linked to different inner dynein arms. (emory.edu)

Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)

Microinjection of an antibody that inactivates katanin results in a dramatic accumulation of microtubules at the centrosome, indicating that katanin is indeed required for microtubule release from the centrosome. (silverchair.com)
Consistent with this idea, there were significantly fewer free ends of microtubules in the cell bodies of neurons that had been injected with the katanin antibody compared with controls. (silverchair.com)
These results indicate that microtubule-severing by katanin is essential for releasing microtubules from the neuronal centrosome, and also for regulating the length of the microtubules after their release. (silverchair.com)

A study published in the journal Human Mutation revealed new genetic mutations in a domain of a dynein gene. (neurodegenerationresearch.eu)

Dynein polarity-sorts microtubule bundles by selectively sliding anti-parallel microtubules apart. (mechanochemistry.org)
Their force output doubles on microtubule bundles and we propose a model whereby the separation of the motor domains during crossbridging activates the motor. (mechanochemistry.org)

Each dynein complex consists of 2 heavy chains that have ATPase and motor activities, plus a group of accessory polypeptides. (wikipedia.org)
Cytoplasmic dynein helps to position the Golgi complex and other organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
In sea urchin flagella two dynein heavy chains α- and β-dynein form a dimeric ODA complex. (researchensemble.com)

Oriented Stomach Cell Department during D-V Body Axis Establishment WILL NOT Require Microtubule-Pulling Pushes(A) General process of cell department orientation system (still left) and known cell department orientation pathways (best). (researchassistantresume.com)

that is, one or the other of its stalks is always attached to the microtubule so that the dynein can "walk" a considerable distance along a microtubule without detaching. (wikipedia.org)
To interact with the B-microtubule through stalks, the inner-arm dyneins must have either different handedness or, more probably, the opposite orientation of the AAA rings compared with the outer-arm dyneins. (rupress.org)

In each of the six heavy chains (dynein a, b, c, d, e, and g), the N-terminal tail extends from the distal side of the ring. (rupress.org)

however, the precise role of plus- and minus end-directed microtubule-based transport in axis formation is not yet understood. (dundee.ac.uk)
Considering that autophagosomes were often directed to the perinuclear region, the minus end of microtubules, it seemed likely that dynein are involved in the autophagosome movement. (soken.ac.jp)
The G/LGN/NuMA complicated binds to dynein, which in turn generates microtubule tugging pushes toward the cell cortex through minus-end-directed dynein motion in colaboration with depolymerizing microtubules (Body 1A, middle). (researchassistantresume.com)
Our contribution to the third edition of the Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry is a further reading section on microtubule plus and minus end binding proteins. (mechanochemistry.org)

These recent findings provide a coherent mechanistic framework for axon-soma communication in the injured nerve and shed light on the integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear transport in all eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
However, the precise interplay and relative contribution of actomyosin and microtubules during nuclear migration have remained to be elucidated. (biologists.com)

1998). "Interaction of Doc2 with tctex-1, a light chain of cytoplasmic dynein. (wikipedia.org)

Microtubule-based transport is required in many cell types for the asymmetric localization of mRNAs and organelles. (dundee.ac.uk)
In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
The data presented here support a cytoplasmic integrity model where ANC-1 localizes to the ER membrane and extends into the cytoplasm to position nuclei, ER, mitochondria, and likely other organelles in place. (ucdavis.edu)

A central sheath envelops the two central microtubules, which attach to the outer doublets by radial spokes. (medscape.com)

Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
[1] Additionally, dynein motor is also responsible for the transport of degradative endosomes retrogradely in the dendrites. (wikipedia.org)
Several lines of evidence suggest that microtubules are nucleated at the neuronal centrosome, and then released for transport into axons and dendrites. (silverchair.com)
We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)
Fig. 1a,b shows a representative image and a schematic of a vesicle switching between active transport along a microtubule and passive diffusion in the subcellular space. (nature.com)

We used cryo-electron tomography to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of inner dynein arms from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . (rupress.org)

Anatomy15

Organisms6

Chemicals and Drugs27

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes14

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Intracellular8

Protein20

Kinesin13

Spindle5

Subunit5

Dynactin8

Mitosis2

Lis17

Cortical2

Inner dynein arm1

Cilia6

Arrangement of microtubules2

Filaments called microtubules2

Axoneme3

Actin4

Axonemal dyneins4

Bind to microtubules1

Astral microtubules1

Dynamic microtubules1

Yeast1

Cytoskeleton2

Ciliary1

Vesicles3

Complexes4

Molecules3

Axonal2

Dynamics3

Processive4

Intermediate2

Motility2

Cargo2

Classification1

Structures2

Moves2

Processes3

Doublet2

Cytoskeletal1

Katanin3

Gene1

Bundles2

Complex3

Pathways1

Stalks2

Heavy chains1

Minus4

Nuclear2

Interaction1

Organelles3

Outer1

Transport5

Chlamydomonas1