Microtubule organization regulation microtubule nucleation nucleation of microtubule. Medical search. Frequent questions

Acentrosomal asters are small populations of microtubules that are nucleated on or around the condensed chromosomes at the beginning of mitosis. (radikes.com)
Moreover, the implication that the active form of Ran is concentrated in the vicinity of chromosomes suggests that these findings may resolve the long-standing question of how chromosomes can influence spindle assembly in the absence of microtubule-nucleating organelles (i.e., as in plant mitosis or mammalian meiosis). (silverchair.com)
Remarkably, despite the high turnover of microtubules throughout mitosis 2 , the spindle maintains its bipolar structure with the chromosomes at its center and two poles that are separated by the plane of cell division. (nature.com)
In addition, these drugs are known to induce serious side effects due to inhibition of mitosis in other proliferating cells (mainly bone marrow and gut) as well as inhibition of other microtubules-dependent functions, such as neuronal processes [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We classify them as kinetochore (KMTs), spindle (SMTs) or astral microtubules (AMTs) according to their positions, and quantify distinct properties of each class. (nature.com)
ASPM and CITK regulate spindle orientation by affecting the dynamics of astral microtubules. (ox.ac.uk)
ASPM and CITK affect the organization of astral microtubules (MT), and low doses of MT-stabilizing drug revert the spindle orientation phenotype produced by their knockdown. (ox.ac.uk)

Instead, Ran and its associated proteins shift their focus from nuclear transport to the regulation of microtubule dynamics. (silverchair.com)
A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)
The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
The PCM is an ordered lattice that anchors a large number of microtubule (MT)-associated proteins, many of which bear putative coiled-coil domains, a tertiary structure known to facilitate protein-protein interactions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro, the FH2 domain competes with barbed-end capping proteins and is necessary and sufficient to nucleate actin polymerization, but the FH1 domain, which interacts with profilin-actin, funnels actin to the nucleation vicinity and confers full activity to the molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We investigate the role of proteins associated to cell adhesions and actin cables as well as the effect of actin cable's size, number and spatial organization in cells. (cerclefser.org)

In the lab of Dr. Isabelle Vernos at the Center for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona, Spain I investigated microtubule dynamics during cell division. (radikes.com)
In addition to this cell work I learned how to harvest Xenopus laevis extracts, how to deplete key mitotic regulators from the extract and how to induce the formation of spindles in these extracts, in order to probe how key mitotic factors regulate microtubules dynamics and spindle formation. (radikes.com)
Here, we report that AQP5 promotes microtubule assembly and helps maintain the assembled microtubule steady state levels with slower turnover dynamics in cells . (plos.org)
These findings indicate that AQP5-mediated regulation of microtubule dynamics modulates airway epithelial barrier properties and epithelial function. (plos.org)
Despite their fundamental importance in the regulation of cell physiology, the basic mechanisms that control the coordinated dynamics of co-existing actin networks are poorly understood. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
Second, we will use our unique capacity to perform dynamic micropatterning, to add or remove actin nucleation sites in real time, in order to investigate the ability of dynamic networks to adapt to changes and the role of coupled network dynamics in this emergent property. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The spatial organization of these filaments and their dynamics of assembly direct cell shape and cell motion. (cerclefser.org)
In addition, cell expansion does not only rely on cortical microtubule orientation but also plays a regulatory role in microtubule dynamics, as well. (biomedcentral.com)
It will impact both basic research and medicine, since diseases emerge from anomalies in the organisation and dynamics of living systems. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
The Turing Centre addresses the nature of the information underlying biological processes, and the organisation and dynamics of biological structures. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
How does mechanics impact cell and tissue organisation and dynamics? (centuri-livingsystems.org)

In all spindles, the microtubule cytoskeleton connects to chromosomes via a special class of microtubules called kinetochore microtubules (KMTs). (nature.com)

Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In animal cells, centrosomes represent the major microtubule-organizing structures (MTOC). (biomedcentral.com)

This protein may have a role in efficient chromosome congression and segregation by promoting microtubule-dependent microtubule amplification. (nih.gov)
The microtubule-associated protein EML3 regulates mitotic spindle assembly by recruiting the Augmin complex to spindle microtubules. (nih.gov)
They develop in a juxtanuclear position, adjacent to the centrosome, the microtubule organizing centre of the cell, and share some protein components. (biorxiv.org)
In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
In this work, the persistence of cortical microtubules against anti-microtubule treatment was thoroughly studied in the roots of several cesa mutants, namely thanatos , mre1 , any1 , prc1-1 and rsw1 , and the Cellulose Synthase Interacting 1 protein ( csi1) mutant pom2-4 . (biomedcentral.com)

The augmin complex plays a role in microtubule attachment to the kinetochore and central spindle formation. (nih.gov)
Augmin accumulation on long-lived microtubules drives amplification and kinetochore-directed growth. (nih.gov)

Cell cycle regulation of centrosome duplication Centrosomes are only supposed to replicate once in each cell cycle and are therefore highly regulated. (wikipedia.org)
While our light microscopy and mutant studies show that microtubules are nucleated from the centrosomes, we find only a few KMTs directly connected to the centrosomes. (nature.com)

Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
Depletion of PIP4KIIγ enhanced the spindle pole accumulation of mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), a microtubule (MT)-depolymerizing kinesin, and resulted in a less stable spindle pole-associated MT. Depletion of MCAK can ameliorate PIP4KIIγ depletion-induced spindle abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)

Along with GIT1, positively regulates microtubule nucleation during interphase (PubMed:27012601). (icr.ac.uk)
Finally, CITK regulates both astral-MT nucleation and stability. (ox.ac.uk)
Together with dynactin, dynein regulates centrosomal orientation to establish and maintain cell polarity, controls focal adhesion turnover and anchors microtubules at the leading edge. (biologists.com)

I was interested in determining if the mitotic kinesins and dynein played a role in nucleation, stabilization and/or organization of the acentrosomal asters. (radikes.com)
We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)
Dynein is the sole processive minus-end-directed microtubule motor found in animals. (biologists.com)

Acts as a centrosome maturation factor, probably by maintaining the integrity of the pericentriolar material and proper microtubule nucleation at mitotic spindle poles. (univ-amu.fr)

Phosphorylates the tubulin chaperone TBCB and thereby plays a role in the regulation of microtubule biogenesis and organization of the tubulin cytoskeleton. (icr.ac.uk)

Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)
Present address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. (biologists.com)

I found motors that seemed to affect microtubule nucleation or stabilization, microtubule polymerization, and microtubule organization. (radikes.com)
The spindle microtubule (MT) exhibits highly regulated dynamic instability, with frequent polymerization and depolymerization occurring at both the plus and minus ends. (biomedcentral.com)

Microtubules also regulate paracellular permeability. (plos.org)
Cortical microtubules regulate cell expansion by determining cellulose microfibril orientation in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana . (biomedcentral.com)

Recent findings by several groups have shown that the GTP-bound form of Ran is necessary for the nucleation and organization of microtubule structures during M phase. (silverchair.com)
We demonstrate that the growth of the structures depends on the intricate balance between crosslinker-induced stabilization and simultaneous destabilization by molecular motors, a mechanism analogous to nucleation and growth in passive systems. (nature.com)
The role of microtubule pivoting in formation of complex structures such as microtubule bundles and mitotic spindles. (irb.hr)
The reproducible shape and spatial organization of organs imply the existence of physical rules directing the assembly of complex biological structures. (cerclefser.org)
The formation of controlled and reproducible geometrical structures relies on the self-organization properties of these networks. (cerclefser.org)

The mitotic spindle is a dynamic microtubule-based apparatus that ensures the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. (nature.com)
In the case of chromosomal origin, microtubules instead nucleate around chromosomes and only later attach to kinetochores, as observed in Xenopus cell-free extracts 13 . (nature.com)
Genome regulation encompasses all facets of gene expression, from the biochemical modifications of DNA, to the physical arrangement of chromosomes and the activity of the transcription machinery. (mechanobio.info)

Eukaryotic cells rely on de novo nucleation mechanisms to generate actin filaments in order to elicit spatial and temporal remodeling of their actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
We are interested in the regulation of mechanical forces production by the actin cytoskeleton. (cerclefser.org)
May connect the nectin-afadin and E-cadherin-catenin system through alpha-actinin and may be involved in organization of the actin cytoskeleton at AJs through afadi n and alpha-actinin (By similarity). (univ-amu.fr)

Since the centrosome organizes the microtubules of a cell, it has to do with the formation of the mitotic spindle, polarity and, therefore, cell shape, as well as all other processes having to do with the mitotic spindle. (wikipedia.org)
It also undergoes specific processes in each step of cell division due to the heavy regulation, which is why the process is so efficient. (wikipedia.org)
Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced phosphorylation of LIMK1 and cofilin (CFL1) and for the up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. (icr.ac.uk)
Here we combine the first large-scale serial electron tomography of whole mitotic spindles in early C. elegans embryos with live-cell imaging to reconstruct all microtubules in 3D and identify their plus- and minus-ends. (nature.com)
The juxtanuclear location of the aggresome is shared by the centrosome, the microtubule organising centre of the cell. (biorxiv.org)
The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)
Although the positioning signal is likely to be transmitted via the anaphase microtubule array to the cell cortex, exactly how the microtubule array determines the site of contractile ring formation remains unresolved. (biologists.com)
The GAP activity of Tum is required for cytokinesis: in its absence cytokinesis fails early even though Tum is present on microtubules at the cell equator where the furrow should form. (biologists.com)
Disruption of the Pebble-interacting domain leaves Tum localised to the cell equator on cortically associated microtubules, again with no evidence of furrowing. (biologists.com)
The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
Compared with actin filaments, microtubules are much more rigid, and almost straight in the dimensions of a single cell. (cerclefser.org)
Belongs to an adhesion system, which plays a role in the organization of homotypic, interneuronal and heterotypic cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs). (univ-amu.fr)
The class II PI3K isoform PI3K-C2β was downregulated in prostate cancer PC3 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells using selective siRNAs and the effect on cell growth was determined in the absence or presence of the microtubule-stabilizing agent/anti-cancer drug docetaxel. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell multi-nucleation was assessed by immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
While the regulation of cell wall properties by cortical microtubules is well studied, the data on the influence of cell wall to cortical microtubule organization and stability remain scarce. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies on cellulose biosynthesis mutants revealed that cortical microtubules depend on Cellulose Synthase A (CESA) function and/or cell expansion. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, to examine if the enhanced stability of cortical microtubules was due to reduced cellulose biosynthesis or to suppression of cell expansion, treatments of wild-type roots with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (DCB) and Congo red were performed. (biomedcentral.com)
According to these findings, it may be concluded that inhibition of cell expansion, irrespective of the cause, results in increased microtubule stability in A. thaliana root. (biomedcentral.com)
Various hypotheses may explain the increased cortical microtubule stability under decreased cell expansion such as the role of cell wall sensors and the presence of less dynamic cortical microtubules. (biomedcentral.com)

Considering that the complexity of the intra-cellular biochemical conditions may partially hinder the physical rules we want to investigate, we are also developing alternative methods to analyze cytoskeleton self-organization in controlled biochemical conditions in vitro by mixing, in defined proportions, the individual cytoskeleton components. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)

Even though the "alignment hypothesis" has been proposed decades ago, a mechanism explaining how cortical microtubules, located inside of the plasma membrane, control the orientation of cellulose microfibrils, outside of the protoplast, remained ambiguous. (biomedcentral.com)

These data support a model in which Tum/RacGAP, via its interaction with Pbl, provides a critical link between the anaphase microtubule spindle and cytokinetic furrow formation in Drosophila cells. (biologists.com)

For example, the mother centriole can nucleate and organize microtubules, whereas the daughter centriole can only nucleate. (wikipedia.org)
Three Cdk2 substrates have been proposed to be responsible for regulation of centriole duplication: nucleophosmin (NPM/B23), CP110, and MPS1. (wikipedia.org)

While regulation of local water flux could contribute to these processes, the specific mechanisms by which these processes are mediated are not defined. (plos.org)
Is consciousness to be found in quantum processes in microtubules? (sciforums.com)
Our aim is to unravel the physical processes directing cytoskeleton self-organization. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)

In contrast, overexpression of AQP5 increased assembly of microtubules, with evidence of increased MT stability, and promoted the formation of long straight microtubules in the apical domain of the epithelial cells. (plos.org)

In particular we investigate the production and balance of mechanical forces in the networks of actin filaments and microtubules. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
Actin filaments and microtubules form such complex intricate networks in cells that it is difficult to identify the principles of their self-organization. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic cytoskeleton filaments. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
Within the myoblasts, long filaments called microtubules are arranged in an overlapping linear pattern. (elifesciences.org)
used microscopy to observe the formation of the microtubule filaments in living myoblasts. (elifesciences.org)
Similar to the formation of actin filaments from the self-assembly of actin monomers, tubulin forms asymmetric dimers that can self-assemble into microtubules. (cerclefser.org)
Microtubules can sustain much higher compression forces than actin filament but are not as numerous as actin filaments. (cerclefser.org)

Thus, to study the geometrical and mechanical rules underlying cytoskeleton self-organization we used microfabrication tools in order to control and manipulate the spatial boundary conditions the cytoskeleton networks are sensitive to. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)

Purified oMAP4 aligns dynamic microtubules into antiparallel bundles that withstand motor forces in vitro. (elifesciences.org)

Centrioles play a role in the organization of the microtubular cytoskeleton, but they do not make direct contact with the MTs which nucleate from the γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TuRC) located within the PCM. (biomedcentral.com)

Indeed, by quantitatively analysing several models of microtubule growth, we conclude that minus-ends of KMTs have selectively detached and depolymerized from the centrosome. (nature.com)

Furthermore, it has been reported that cortical microtubules in cellulose-deficient mutants are hypersensitive to oryzalin. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulatory role of cortical microtubules on cellulose microfibrils was initially postulated, and remains widely accepted, by the "alignment hypothesis" [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, cortical microtubules reside just under the plasma membrane, while cellulose microfibrils are synthesized by transmembrane CSCs [ 6 ], consisting of CESA subunits. (biomedcentral.com)
Apart from the role of cortical microtubules on cellulose microfibril orientation, several authors supported that CESA activity and cellulose synthesis also exert an effect on cortical microtubule orientation, suggesting thus that cortical microtubule-cellulose microfibril relationship is bi-directional. (biomedcentral.com)

We investigated whether the formation of aggresomes affected key centrosome functions: its ability to organize the microtubule network and to promote cilia formation. (biorxiv.org)

In synapses, seems to mediate the regulation of F-actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3, maybe through CFL1 phosphorylation and inactivation. (icr.ac.uk)
this function is dependent on kinase activity and may be exerted by the regulation of actomyosin contractility through the phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MLC) (By similarity). (icr.ac.uk)

FAM29A promotes microtubule amplification via recruitment of the NEDD1-gamma-tubulin complex to the mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)

These tools allow us to analyze and quantify actin and microtubule networks in cells of controled and regular shapes. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)

Failure of centrosome regulation can cause mistakes in chromosome segregation and is associated with aneuploidy. (wikipedia.org)

Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose levels. (icr.ac.uk)

Using a microtubule regrowth assay, I observed the nucleation and formation of acentrosomal asters through immunofluorescence and confocal time-lapse imaging. (radikes.com)

We find that when aggresomes are present, neuronal cells are unable to organise their microtubule network. (biorxiv.org)

Anatomy44

Organisms21

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science6

Health Care4

Mitosis4

Astral microtubules3

Proteins7

Dynamics12

Class of microtubules1

Major microtubule3

Protein7

Kinetochore2

Centrosomes2

Kinesin2

Regulates3

Dynein3

Pericentriolar material1

Biogenesis1

Genomic Regulation2

Polymerization2

Regulate2

Structures5

Chromosomes3

Actin cytoskeleton3

Cell20

Biochemical1

Mechanism1

Anaphase1

Centriole2

Processes3

Stability1

Filaments7

Cytoskeleton self-organization1

Bundles1

Nucleate1

Growth1

Cellulose4

Organize1

Phosphorylation2

Promotes1

Quantify1

Segregation1

Role1

Confocal1

Neuronal1