MiRNAsEndogenousHighly conservedMiRNAMoleculesRegulatorsTranslationalCirculatingGenomeFunctionalMechanismsLncRNAsTargetPathwaysInflammationBiological functionsMolecularImportantCriticalBreast cancerSingleMajorReviewDegradationNucleotidesGeneTumorsRepressionMiRsBiomarkersRegulatoryProteinsPathwaysTissuesGenesRegulationDiagnosticInvasionCancerDevelopmentCellsReportsStudy
MiRNAs12
- Micro RNAs (MiRNAs) are endogenous, small RNA molecules that were identified in a wide range of eukaryotes. (usda.gov)
- About 30% of the human protein-coding genes are negatively regulated by miRNAs which suggests that they have a major role in regulating gene expression. (usda.gov)
- yet, little attention has been given to the roles of miRNAs in non-model species including fishes. (usda.gov)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. (mdpi.com)
- Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). (mdpi.com)
- However, several lnc pri-miRNAs contain translatable small open reading frames (smORFs). (mdpi.com)
- microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, predominantly through imperfect base pairing with the 3′-untranslated region of target mRNAs ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The first class of small RNAs identified were the micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are small (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing to mRNAs where they direct either mRNA cleavage or repress translation [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- miRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNAs that emerged as significant and versatile regulators involved in regulation of immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that have been shown to act as essential regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. (frontiersin.org)
- miRNAs induce gene degradation and suppression of translation, or both, mainly by imperfect binding to miRNA recognition elements (MREs) within the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an integral part of the post-transcriptional machinery of gene expression and have been implicated in the carcinogenic cascade. (cdc.gov)
Endogenous1
- Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
Highly conserved2
- Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. (usda.gov)
- We examined each of these small RNA classes with respect to the newly assembled tammar wallaby genome for gene and repeat features, salient features that define their canonical sequences, and the constitution of both highly conserved and species-specific members. (biomedcentral.com)
MiRNA3
- An additional nine genes were identified in tammar that do not have an orthologous miRNA target in human and likely represent novel miRNA-regulated genes in the tammar. (biomedcentral.com)
- The characterization of new miRNA target genes and a unique profile for crasiRNAs has allowed for insight into multiple RNA mediated processes in the tammar, including gene regulation, species incompatibilities, centromere and chromosome function. (biomedcentral.com)
- The mature miRNA is then loaded onto an Argonaute protein (Ago2 in humans) where it then interacts with and regulates the mRNA target. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecules1
- Small RNAs have proven to be essential regulatory molecules encoded within eukaryotic genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulators1
- Long noncoding-RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of cardiac development as well as pathological hypertrophy and heart failure (HF). (researchgate.net)
Translational1
- MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. (oncotarget.com)
Circulating1
- Circulating extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs) are an emerging class of biomarkers with target-organ epigenetic effects. (researchgate.net)
Genome4
- These short RNAs participate in a diverse array of cellular processes including gene regulation, chromatin dynamics and genome defense. (biomedcentral.com)
- As part of the genome sequencing initiative for the tammar, we have explored the evolution of each of the major classes of mammalian small RNAs in an Australian marsupial for the first time, including the first genome-scale analysis of the newest class of small RNAs, centromere repeat associated short interacting RNAs (crasiRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
- This study encompasses the first analyses of the major classes of small RNAs for the newly completed tammar genome, validates preliminary annotations using deep sequencing and computational approaches, and provides a foundation for future work on tammar-specific as well as conserved, but previously unknown small RNA progenitors and targets identified herein. (biomedcentral.com)
- Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional1
- If smORFs present within lncRNAs can encode functional small peptides, they can also constitute cis -regulatory elements involved in lncRNA decay. (mdpi.com)
Mechanisms1
- Consequently, the molecular mechanisms that regulate GC development and progression need further exploration. (oncotarget.com)
LncRNAs3
- While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important i. (researchgate.net)
- While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in cardiac development and disease, their role in physiol. (researchgate.net)
- Here, we used RNAseq to identify a novel class of cardiac lncRNAs that are dynamically regulated by exercise. (researchgate.net)
Target1
- When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)
Pathways1
- Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-21 regulates inflammatory responses through NF-κB signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammation2
- Extracellular small non-coding RNAs (exRNAs) have been associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis and we hypothesized that they are associated with post-MI LVRm phenotypes. (researchgate.net)
- Thus, to maintain a balance between host preservation and inflammatory pathology, the immune response and inflammation need to be tightly regulated. (frontiersin.org)
Biological functions1
- Each class of small RNAs is synthesized by a distinct mechanism and each has discrete biological functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular1
- I am molecular and cellular biologist with expertise in virus and microRNAs. (researchgate.net)
Important2
- Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. (mdpi.com)
- Another class of important small RNAs is the piRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
Critical1
- To discover the microRNAs regulating this critical transition, we used 80 biopsies from invasive ductal carcinoma, 8 from ductal carcinoma in situ, and 6 from normal breast. (researchgate.net)
Breast cancer1
- Altered expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has previously been investigated in breast cancer. (researchgate.net)
Single1
- We have identified a single microRNA that controls glioma cell proliferation, migration, and responsiveness to glucose deprivation. (researchgate.net)
Major2
- Loss of cardiomyocytes is a major cause of heart failure, and while the adult heart has a limited capacity for cardiomyogenesis, little is known about what regulates this ability or whether it can be effectively harnessed. (researchgate.net)
- Using next generation sequencing, we have characterized the major classes of small RNAs, micro (mi) RNAs, piwi interacting (pi) RNAs, and the centromere repeat associated short interacting (crasi) RNAs in the tammar. (biomedcentral.com)
Review1
- According to recent investigations, this review will discuss the advances and challenges of new micro and nanoformulations of these natural products. (cmbr-journal.com)
Degradation6
- MicroRNAS (miRNAs) is a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs negatively regulating gene expression by inducing degradation or translational inhibition of target mRNAs. (researchsquare.com)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that bind to the 3' UTR of target mRNAs, and silence gene expression by inducing degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of protein translation [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)
- MiRNAs are a class of non-protein-encoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, causing their degradation or protein translation inhibition to maintain optimal levels of the target protein [ 14 ]. (ijbs.com)
- Based on the level of sequence complementarity, miRNAs lead to the degradation of target mRNAs or the suppression of mRNA translation, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and achieving the regulation of genes. (biomedcentral.com)
- This specific binding between miRNA and target mRNA leads to the repression of protein synthesis and the subsequent degradation of the targeted mRNA [ 11 ] (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
- These miRNAs function by directly binding to the indicated 3′-untranslated region of specific target mRNA, leading to target mRNA degradation or translational repression. (frontiersin.org)
Nucleotides3
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs with a length of 21-24 nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a group of small non-coding RNAs 18~25 nucleotides (nt) in length that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression via binding to the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) of target gene mRNA [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Briefly, RNA polymerase II transcribes miRNA genes, leading to the formation of long precursor transcripts named primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs), which have stem-loop structures consisting of hundreds of nucleotides. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene5
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an integral part of the post-transcriptional machinery of gene expression and have been implicated in the carcinogenic cascade. (cdc.gov)
- MicroRNAs are a class of conserved small noncoding RNAs that play regulatory roles in gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. (biomedcentral.com)
- One of the main mechanisms of gene silencing is controlled by new biomarkers called microRNAs, which are small noncoding RNAs capable of regulating target mRNAs associated with tumors [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The miRISC complex containing a mature miRNA strand can bind to the 3′-UTR of target gene mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
- Usually, miRISC recognizes mRNA through complementary base pairing of the miRNA with the target gene mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumors1
- These circulating tumor cells (CTCs) diverge from the primary tumors as clusters with a defined secretome comprised of circulating cell-free nucleic acids and small microRNAs (miRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
Repression1
- The binding of miRISC to an mRNA can lead to either the repression or promotion of translation, although the latter is quite rare [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
MiRs2
- Recent studies reveal that ovarian cancers express aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), some of which have oncogenic or tumor suppressor properties. (biomedcentral.com)
- CTCs, CTC-specific microRNAs and circulatory miRs are collectively predictive of an early metastatic spread with prospective implications as therapeutic tools for targeting metastatic cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Biomarkers1
- The secreted cell-free nucleic acids, small microRNAs, circulating tumor cells and proteins act as early diagnostic biomarkers of breast tumor. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulatory2
- Little is known about miR-200c involvement in regulatory processes. (biomedcentral.com)
- miRNAs, which exhibit tissue- and temporal- specific expression, are important negative regulatory RNAs that decrease the levels of other functional genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins1
- Encapsulated miR-200c act on different proteins that regulates cell cycle pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways1
- During metamorphosis, most cells are regulated by hormones, and cells from different tissues are regulated by different developmental pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissues1
- Most of these microRNAs, including miR-199a and miR-125b, were down-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues compared to non-cancer tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
Genes1
- Because miRNAs may regulate approximately 60% of human genes [ 11 ], the relationship between miRNAs and human diseases has been extensively explored in the last decade. (cdc.gov)
Regulation4
- Because its regulation in muscle has not been fully exploited, the aim of this project was to identify micro (mi)RNAs in muscle that regulate Twist-1. (biologists.com)
- Non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, have been shown to participate in the regulation of autophagy [ 8 , 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally occurring, small non-coding RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are reported to involve in the regulation of immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Diagnostic1
- The standard diagnostic techniques such as invasive core needle biopsy, serological protein marker assays, and non-invasive radiological imaging do not provide information about the presence and molecular profile of small fractions of early metastatic tumor cells which are prematurely dispersed in the circulatory system. (biomedcentral.com)
Invasion1
- 16(12): p. 1381-403], affecting the expression of mRNAs involved in invasion, migration, and development [Oncotarget, 2015. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer1
- For that purpose, we used the YM500 database ( 18 ) which contains more than eight thousand small RNA sequencing (smRNA-seq) data sets and provides integrated analysis results for several cancer miRNome studies via multiple interactive interfaces (Expression, Novel miRNAs, isomiRs and thousands of smRNA-Seq datasets). (researchsquare.com)
Development1
- This small RNA can suppress the expression level of nuclear protein LIN-14 and thus regulates the development of nematodes [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells1
- Finally, both DCA treatment and miR-149-3p overexpression in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells were found to markedly sensitize the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-FU in vivo, and this effect was also validated in a small retrospective cohort of CRC patients. (dcaguide.org)
Reports1
- Based on these reports, we hypothesized that let-7 could regulate molting and metamorphosis in Hyalomma asiaticum . (biomedcentral.com)
Study1
- This study demonstrated that let-7 can regulate the expression of ECR and that let-7 can affect molting in ticks. (biomedcentral.com)