• An attempt has been made to review all the studies carried till date, utilizing micronucleus assay of buccal cells as a novel marker of genotoxicity in head and neck region. (savedelicious.com)
  • The Micronucleus assay is defined as an investigative procedure carried out to analyze micronuclei quantitatively. (savedelicious.com)
  • In the earlier times, once-divided cultured cells (mostly peripheral lymphocytes) were considered ideal for expressing MNi and the procedure used was known as cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. (savedelicious.com)
  • Nuclear anomalies were assessed using micronuclei assay in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells. (entomoljournal.com)
  • The result of micronucleus assay showed an increase in the frequency of micronuclei (MN). (entomoljournal.com)
  • Here, we describe the FISH methodology with centromeric probes for human cells, which is used in combination with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and which allows discrimination between mutagens inducing DNA breakage (clastogens) or chromosome loss (aneugens). (vub.be)
  • Human lymphocytes micronucleus assay in europe. (uab.cat)
  • The human lymphocytes micronucleus assay has been extensively used in Europe since the cytochalasin-B method was introduced. (uab.cat)
  • Thus, an European survey was proposed in order to (a) determine the present state of the human lymphocytes micronuclei assay, (b) review methodological and scientific aspects, and (c) identify discrepancies in the criteria employed by different laboratories that could account for the lack of reproducible results. (uab.cat)
  • The outcome of the study with 30 European laboratories surveyed, reflects an immature state of the micronuclei assay in Europe, with (a) disparity in criteria and methodologies, (b) high diversity in the methods of statistical analyses employed, (c) non-uniform criteria for determining positive responses, and (d) a still rare use of new or emerging methodologies. (uab.cat)
  • The general opinion was that more basic research on the micronucleus assay itself is required before considering this technique as an alternative to the chromosomal aberration assay, and that it is a suitable method to detect aneuploidy, mainly in vitro, and specially when coupled with molecular cytogenetic techniques. (uab.cat)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Human lymphocytes micronucleus assay in europe. (uab.cat)
  • This study on the in vitro micronucleus assay, comprising 11 laboratories using human lymphocytes, was coordinated by an organizing committee supported by the SFTG (the French branch of the European Environmental Mutagen Society). (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay was applied to establish the urban gradient of pollutants in the air matrix. (unicampania.it)
  • This study by scientists at Procter & Gamble Co. and the Institute for In Vitro Sciences (IIVS) demonstrated that MatTek's EpiDerm in vitro human skin tissue equivalent is an excellent candidate for use in an in vitro micronucleus assay because micronuclei can be reproducibly induced in EpiDerm, the first step in developing a routine "in vivo-like" assay for chromosomal damage in human tissue. (mattek.com)
  • The rodent in vivo micronucleus assay is an important part of a tiered testing strategy in genetic toxicology. (mattek.com)
  • Therefore, Procter & Gamble Co. and IIVS scientists have begun development of a micronucleus assay using a commercially available 3-D engineered skin model of human origin, EpiDerm (MatTek Corp, Ashland, MA). (mattek.com)
  • Scientists first evaluated whether a population of binucleated cells sufficient for a micronucleus assay could be obtained by exposing the tissue to 1-3 ug/ml cytochalasin B (Cyt B). The frequency of binucleated cells increased both with time (to at least 120 h) and with increasing concentration of Cyt B. Three ug/ml Cyt B allowed them to reliably obtain 40-50% binucleated cells at 48h. (mattek.com)
  • These studies show that micronuclei can be reproducibly induced in a 3-D skin model and are the first steps in developing a routine "in vivo-like" assay for chromosomal damage in human tissue. (mattek.com)
  • Objectives: To evaluate micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of healthy children before and after the exposure to IOPA radiography during diagnosis and treatment of proximal carious lesion, using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome assay. (journalcra.com)
  • In this study, cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay was employed to evaluate the extent of chromosomal instability or DNA damage in lymphocytes of patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a serious cardiac muscle disorder. (vit.ac.in)
  • Iarmarcovai G, Ceppi M, Botta A, Orsie`re T, Bonassi S (2008) Micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cancer patients: a meta-analysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was found that at basal condition without ginger and TSO the Micronuclei frequency was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. (scialert.net)
  • Micronucleus frequency in erythrocytes of mice after long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation med. (emf-portal.org)
  • A worldwide accepted biomarker and highly trustable for the detection and quantification of the genome instability, is the Micronucleus (MN) frequency that can be observe in cells that has complete cellular division. (austinpublishinggroup.com)
  • The present study was aimed to investigate the frequency of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in alcoholic subjects. (entomoljournal.com)
  • Cytochalasin B allows for the identification and selective analysis of micronucleus frequency in cells that have completed one mitosis, because such cells are binucleate. (re-place.be)
  • Methods The frequency of micronucleus-containing cells and the percentage of centromere-free micronuclei (micronuclei containing only acentric fragments) was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 42 individuals working at the Jáchymov spa and 42 control individuals. (anma.it)
  • Results There was a highly significant increase in the frequency of micronucleus-containing cells as well as the percentage of centromere-free micronuclei in the lymphocytes of spa personnel versus controls. (anma.it)
  • The program of the workshop focused on addressing the emerging evidence linking micronucleus (MN) frequency to human disease. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • The reported average baseline frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes was 7.8 ± 5.2 per 1000 cells (ranging from 3 to 23), with age and sex but not smoking as being main confounding factors. (uab.cat)
  • The increase in frequency of micronuclei was expressed in terms of MCN/100 tetrads. (unicampania.it)
  • Significant increases in the frequency of micronuclei were observed in different points of the town grid indicating the good applicability of Trad-MCN for monitoring the presence of hazardous air contaminants. (unicampania.it)
  • Results: The frequency of micronuclei increases significantly post exposure to IOPAR with a 'p' Value of 0.001. (journalcra.com)
  • Conclusion: The X-ray radiation emitted during IOPAR does induce some genotoxic changes in the form of increased frequency of micronuclei. (journalcra.com)
  • A significantly higher frequency of micronuclei was observed in fish caught in the polluted river (Tibet), in comparison to both the controls and the Mignone river fish. (torvergata.it)
  • Barbels examined 50 and 100 days after capture presented a remarkable decrease in micronucleus frequency in comparison with the frequency observed in barbels at capture. (torvergata.it)
  • No effects of styrene exposure on the frequency of micronuclei were seen. (cdc.gov)
  • The in vitro micronucleus test is a genotoxicity test for the detection of micronuclei in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. (syngeneintl.com)
  • However, HPPH alternatively may be bioactivated by peroxidases, such as prostaglandin H synthase, to a reactive intermediate that initiates DNA oxidation (reflected by 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine), genotoxicity (reflected by micronuclei) and embryopathy. (aspetjournals.org)
  • To study genotoxicity of long-term exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields by measuring of micronuclei formation in erythrocytes . (emf-portal.org)
  • Investigate genotoxicity using a flow cytometry based micronucleus test in TK6 cells. (cyprotex.com)
  • Genotoxicity was assessed by the ability of the CNT/F to induce inflammation, oxidative stress, micronuclei formation, and DNA double-strand breakage. (cdc.gov)
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity of dental materials through micronucleus (MN) test. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since chronic myloid leukemia (CML) has a genetic base, we aimed to seek the genetic instability of patients by micronucleus analysis, a mutation screening test which was applied by cytokinesis-blocked (CB) method. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • It is one of the standard cytogenetic tools implemented to assess micronuclei formation (signifying chromosomal damage) subsequent to exposure to genotoxic/cytotoxic agents. (savedelicious.com)
  • Summary of data for genotoxic and non-genotoxic reference compounds in the in vitro micronucleus test using TK6 cells and flow cytometry. (cyprotex.com)
  • Two of seven genotoxic compounds, namely colchicine and bleomycin, clearly induced micronuclei. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • The two presumed non-genotoxic compounds, mannitol and clofibrate, did not induce micronuclei. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • The micronucleus technique has been proposed as a method for measurement of chromosomal damage in mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes. (edu.au)
  • It was not possible to select a concentration of radiolabel which did not itself produce micronuclei and consequently the method was of no value for measuring pre-existing chromosomal damage present in vivo. (edu.au)
  • Objectives: Consenses guidelines establish that a micronucleus is a small additional nucleus formed due to chromosomal loss or fragmentation. (ijsr.net)
  • BD Biosciences offers kits that can be used to detect chromosomal damage from test conditions via flow cytometric enumeration of micronuclei, particularly in erythrocytes, in mouse, rat, canine and non-human primate species. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Study and trial conclusions from in vivo micronucleus assays for each strain and tissue, etc. (nih.gov)
  • For the present work, in vivo micronucleus test results of 718 structurally diverse compounds were collected and applied for the construction of new models by means of the freely available SARpy in silico model building software. (sciensano.be)
  • Although in vivo rodent skin micronucleus assays are being developed, the results will still require extrapolation to the human. (mattek.com)
  • Micronuclei are small, extranuclear bodies that are formed during mitosis from lagging chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we show that pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei spatially cluster throughout mitosis and identify the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex as an essential regulator of this process. (nature.com)
  • Micronuclei-bearing cells frequently underwent apoptosis but not multipolar mitosis. (figshare.com)
  • Using an autoradiographic technique, lymphocytes were pulse-labelled with [ 3 H]thymidine at 48 h of culture, allowed to proceed through mitosis, identified by autoradiography between 72 and 84 h and micronuclei were scored in them. (edu.au)
  • Micronuclei ("MNi") originate from aberrant mitoses and consist of eccentric chromosomes, chromatid fragments or whole chromosomes that have failed to be incorporated into the daughter nuclei during mitosis. (savedelicious.com)
  • Micronuclei are formed during the mitosis which does not integrate in main nucleus. (turkhijyen.org)
  • In this study, 10 CML patients at diagnosis, were analysed for their micronuclei (MN) frequencies. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • The frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) were scored as genetic endpoints, and mitomycin C was used as a model mutagen. (kombuchabrewers.org)
  • Erythrocyte micronucleus frequencies in wild fish from two riverine environments and in fish reproduced and reared under controlled conditions (control group) were compared, with the aim to evaluate the suitability of the MN test for the in situ detection of mutagens in freshwaters. (torvergata.it)
  • No significant differences in micronucleus frequencies were observed between the control group and fish from the unpolluted river (Mignone). (torvergata.it)
  • Micronuclei can contain a whole chromosome or part of a chromatid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Micronuclei are aberrant nuclear compartments that can form as a result of chromosome mis-segregation. (mendeley.com)
  • Micronuclei may originate from acentric chromosome fragments (i.e. lacking a centromere), or whole chromosomes that are unable to migrate to the poles during the anaphase stage of cell division. (re-place.be)
  • Mutat Res 659:274-283 Terradas M, Mart ́ın M, Tusell L, Genesca` A (2009) DNA lesions sequestered in micronuclei induce a local defective-damage response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nine coded substances were assessed for their ability to induce micronuclei in human lymphocytes in vitro, mitomycin C being used as a positive control. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
  • Furthermore, the RF-field exposure of mice did not induce an increase in the number of micronuclei in erythrocytes of the bone marrow or peripheral blood, in keratinocytes, or in spleen lymphocytes compared to the sham-treated control. (itis.swiss)
  • However, it was capable of quantitating micronuclei produced by irradiation of lymphocytes in vitro. (edu.au)
  • The micronucleus test in fish erythrocytes was shown to be a sensitive bioassay for detecting mutagenic pollution in fresh water environments. (torvergata.it)
  • The aim of this study was to examine the possible induction of micronuclei in erythrocytes of the peripheral blood and bone marrow and in keratinocytes and spleen lymphocytes of mice exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation for 2 h per day over periods of 1 and 6 weeks, respectively. (itis.swiss)
  • The increased formation of micronuclei is usually an indication of increased DNA damage or mutation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another mechanism to micronuclei formation is by a double-strand break in the DNA, creating a separate linear fragment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, the breaking of an anaphase bridge could also lead to formation of a micronucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • doi:10.1093/carcin/bgq24 Fenech M, Kirsch-Volders M, Natarajan AT, Surrales J, Croft J, Parry J, Norppa H (2011) Molecular mechanisms of micronucleus, nucleoplasmic bridge and nuclear bud formation in human cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequencing of daughter cell pairs derived from micronucleated mother cells demonstrated that complex rearrangements are indeed a common outcome of micronucleus formation. (nature.com)
  • 0.001 inhibited formation of micronuclei. (scialert.net)
  • The extent to which ginger extract reduced the micronuclei formation induced by TSO exposure was almost normal or less than the control values. (scialert.net)
  • HPPH-initiated micronucleus formation was increased 3.0- and 3.4-fold in +/ j (P = .02) and j/j (P = .04) UGT-deficient cells, respectively, vs. +/+ UGT-normal cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Phenytoin (80 μM) enhanced micronucleus formation 1.7-, 4.4- and 3.8-fold in +/+ cells (P = .03) and +/ j and j/j UGT-deficient cells (P = .0001), respectively. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Phenytoin-initiated micronucleus formation was increased about 4-fold in both +/ j (P = .006) and j/j (P = .009) UGT-deficient cells vs. +/+ UGT-normal cells, providing the first evidence that the bioactivation and oxidative toxicity of phenytoin itself may be avoided by direct N -glucuronidation, which was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The actions of both anuegens and clastogens result in the formation of micronuclei within daughter cells following cell division. (cyprotex.com)
  • Flow cytometry allows multiparametric analysis of compound effects including cytostasis, cellular death and cell cycle arrest in addition to micronucleus formation. (cyprotex.com)
  • Representative data for micronucleus formation and cell cycle analysis. (cyprotex.com)
  • Mitomycin C (MMC) was then used (in the presence of 3 ug/ml Cyt B) to investigate toxicity and micronuclei formation in EpiDerm. (mattek.com)
  • One of those genetic alteration is the formation of micronuclei which are not included into the main nuclei of the daughter cells and are used to evaluate the magnitude of DNA damage. (journalcra.com)
  • The effect of environmental stressors on the expression of micronuclei was first analyzed in root tip cells under ionizing radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Micronucleus induction by a chemical was first reported in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated with colchicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • 0.5 mL of whole blood in a total volume of 5 mL medium was cultured in the presence of 0.16 mM Trans Stilbene Oxide (TSO) for the induction of micronuclei. (scialert.net)
  • Maximum micronuclei induction (~5%) occurred at 0.06-0.6 ug/ml MMC. (mattek.com)
  • Mechanistically, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prematurely associates with DNA lesions within ruptured micronuclei during interphase, which poises pulverized chromosomes for clustering upon mitotic entry. (nature.com)
  • Romanova EP, Fediuk EA The use of an automated micronucleus test for the biological dosimetry of radiation lesions, Tsitol Genet. (cytgen.com)
  • The cells were stained with fuelgen and evaluated for micronuclei by scoring 1000 cells per sample. (journalcra.com)
  • The literal meaning of the word Micronucleus (MN) describes it as a small nucleus in a large cell, or the smaller nuclei in cells that have two or more such structures. (savedelicious.com)
  • Micronuclei (MNi) are formed from the whole chromosomes or chromatid fragments that lag behind in anaphase and are separated out from the daughter nuclei in telophase. (savedelicious.com)
  • Micronuclei are detected as shown in figure 1A, with Hoechst staining (VL1) being utilised to identify the nuclei and micronuclei. (cyprotex.com)
  • abstract = "The "Micronuclei and Disease" workshop was organized by the HUMN Project consortium and hosted by the European Environmental Mutagen and Genomics Society at their annual meeting in Rennes, France, on 23 May 2019. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • Chang P, Li Y, Li D (2010) Micronuclei levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer risk. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vitro treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes with TSO induced significant number of micronuclei in all samples. (scialert.net)
  • Flow cytometric enumeration of damaged cells through the detection of micronuclei within each cell. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Even fewer of these are based on the preferred testing method for this endpoint, i.e. the micronucleus test. (sciensano.be)
  • Pollutants induced chromosomic aberrations become micronuclei in the synchronized tetrads and they can be easily identified and scored. (unicampania.it)
  • Thus, distinct patterns of chromothripsis can be explained by the spatial clustering of pulverized chromosomes from micronuclei. (nature.com)
  • The aim of this review is to give information about the principles and applications of the micronucleus (MN) technique which is considered to be an indirect indication for genetic damage in cells. (turkhijyen.org)
  • The objective of this study was to get the predictive value of micronucleus count in cervical smears of normal, infective inflammatory and intraepithelial neoplasia pathology in perimenopausal women and to prove Micronucleus evaluation in routine Pap smears is a very useful biomarker in cervical cancer screening. (ijsr.net)
  • Conclusions: This simple micronucleus test is a powerful biomarker and can be used as a screening procedure in predicting cervical cancer. (ijsr.net)
  • Blood samples were obtained from workers in a boat manufacturing facility and the presence of sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in lymphocytes and styrene and styrene -glycol concentrations in the blood were determined. (cdc.gov)
  • Micronuclei are characterized in the cells that have some sort of DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • TREX1 mutations, previously implicated in immune disease, untether TREX1 from the ER, disrupt TREX1 localization to micronuclei, diminish micronuclear DNA damage, and enhance cGAS activation. (mendeley.com)
  • Micronucleus ("MN") is defined as microscopically visible, round or oval cytoplasmic chromatin mass next to the nucleus. (savedelicious.com)
  • and for lymphocytes irradiated in vitro there was a linear relationship between dose of radiation and number of induced micronuclei. (edu.au)
  • At concentrations where over 30% cellular death or cytostasis was observed any present micronuclei was excluded. (cyprotex.com)