Micrometastases disseminated tumor cells immunomagnetic. Medical search. Frequent questions

In the last decade, the detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood have demonstrated to provide useful information for the clinical management of BC by predicting treatment benefit earlier than traditional imaging methods. (amegroups.org)
Numerous studies suggest that detection of CTCs in the blood or disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow of patients with cancer is linked to poor outcomes of the disease and reduced treatment efficiency ( 5 , 6 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Prospective studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of identifying and quantifying CTCs in the prediction of malignant tumour treatment outcomes, including cancers of the breast, colon and prostate (3). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
CTCs are suspected of being instrumental for dissemination of the cancer during surgery, which involves mechanical manipulation and traumatisation of the primary tumour (5). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents an effective prognostic and predictive biomarker, which is able to monitor efficacy of adjuvant therapies, detect early development of (micro)metastases and at last, assess therapeutic responses of advanced disease earlier than traditional imaging methods. (amegroups.org)
Moreover, since repeated tissue biopsies are invasive, costly and not always feasible, the assessment of tumor characteristics on CTCs, by a peripheral blood sample as a 'liquid biopsy', represents an attractive opportunity. (amegroups.org)
CTCs can extravasate and become seeds for the subsequent growth of additional tumors (metastases) in distant organs, a mechanism that is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths. (wikipedia.org)
On the other hand, CTCs are very rare, often present as only a few cells per milliliter of blood, which makes their detection challenging. (wikipedia.org)
Cytokeratin-negative CTCs are characterised by the lack of EpCAM or cytokeratins, which may indicate an undifferentiated phenotype (circulating cancer stem cells) or the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype (known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition or EMT). (wikipedia.org)
Apoptotic CTCs are traditional CTCs that are undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death). (wikipedia.org)
Measuring the ratio of traditional CTC to apoptotic CTCs-from baseline to therapy-provides clues to treatment efficacy in targeting and killing cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)
Small CTCs are cytokeratin-positive and CD45-negative, but with sizes and shapes similar to white blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Small CTCs have been implicated in progressive disease and differentiation into small cell carcinomas, which often require a different therapeutic course. (wikipedia.org)
An emerging method to detect metastasis is the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which has shown promise in filling the gaps left by other diagnostic methods. (iiarjournals.org)
CTCs are tumor cells originating from primary sites or metastases that circulate in the patients' bloodstream and are very rarely found in healthy individuals ( 9 , 10 ) ( Figure 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Morphological-based isolation separates CTCs according to size discrepancies, using isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) or according to density, using density-gradient separation ( 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Background: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cells that have detached from a primary tumour, circulate in the peripheral blood, and are considered to be the main root of distant metastases. (iiarjournals.org)
Even then he presumed that these cells, today known as circulating tumour cells (CTCs), could play a role in the development of distant metastases. (iiarjournals.org)
Nowadays, a huge body of literature describes CTCs as cells that, after detaching from the primary tumour and circulating through the blood or lymphatic system, are the main cause of the occurrence of metastases in patients with epithelial cancer ( 2 - 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Currently, only one methodology for the discovery and enumeration of CTCs is approved, at least for the metastatic setting by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), namely the so-called Cell Search® System ( 10 ). (iiarjournals.org)
This method is based on the immunomagnetic enrichment of CTCs from patient's blood samples, with subsequent staining of these cells. (iiarjournals.org)
The detection of CTCs in peripheral blood is one of the most promising approaches to identify disseminated disease in colorectal cancer (CRC). (researchsquare.com)
The isolation and molecular analysis of CTCs in peripheral blood is one of the most promising approaches to identify disseminated disease, in order to upgrade or downgrade the multimodal therapy. (researchsquare.com)

The presence of such cells in the blood coexists with micrometastases, which are clinically silent, and/or precedes the clinical emergence of metastases (4). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

This is a current review on the circulating tumour cells (CTC) in patients with renal cell carcinoma as a potential diagnostic tool that will allow for more accurate assessment of advanced disease and the monitoring of treatment effects. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Circulating Tumour Cells (CTC) are a population of cells that have detached from the tumour mass and are able to disseminate via the vascular system and create metastatic foci in the body (1). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Initially, the immune system eliminates the circulating cancer cells from the bloodstream, but over time, the cells remain there for longer periods and become identifiable. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The first published report of circulating tumour cells dates back to 1869 (2). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The circulating cells acquire properties of mesechymal cells, i.e. they are able to function independently. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
demonstrated that 80% of circulating cells of prostate or breast cancer express mesenchymal and epithelial markers (8). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Circulating cancer cells are gradually gaining importance in clinical medicine. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
More recently, other potential blood-based markers are emerging as independent parameters for prediction development and outcome in metastatic disease, including circulating tumor microemboli and circulating tumor materials (CTMat). (amegroups.org)
A circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a cell that has shed into the vasculature or lymphatics from a primary tumor and is carried around the body in the blood circulation. (wikipedia.org)
Emerging techniques using the analysis of circulating tumor cells show promising results in predicting and identifying the early stages of breast cancer metastasis in patients. (iiarjournals.org)
Circulating tumor cells in the blood stream. (iiarjournals.org)

Because tumour dormancy provides a unique therapeutic window to prevent metastatic disease, we discuss on-going clinical trials and weigh the potential for immunotherapy to eradicate dormant disease. (nature.com)
As early as 1869, cells with the morphology of cancer cells had been found by Thomas Ashworth in the blood of a person who died from metastatic cancer ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Relationship between hematogenous tumor cell dissemination and cellular immunity in DCIS patients. (nature.com)
The dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor to distant sites through bloodstream cannot be early detected by standard imaging methods. (amegroups.org)

This method uses either epithelial cell-specific markers which are generally expressed in all tumor cells, or tumor markers expressed by specific types of cancer ( 13 ). (iiarjournals.org)

The majority of deaths from breast cancer are not due to the primary tumor itself, but are the result of metastasis to other organs in the body ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Currently, detection of breast cancer metastasis relies on clinical manifestations of the spread to distant organs, biopsies of affected organs, radiological evaluations, imaging methods and serum tumor markers ( 3 , 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Persistence of solitary mammary carcinoma cells in a secondary site: a possible contributor to dormancy. (nature.com)

Conclusion: By this methodology, cells from mammary carcinoma cell lines can be detected in blood samples. (iiarjournals.org)

6 ) emphasized that the inclusion of serum tumor markers is an important factor in the postoperative monitoring of breast cancer patients ( 7 , 8 ). (iiarjournals.org)

By contrast, analysis of solid tumors necessitates invasive procedures that might limit patient compliance. (wikipedia.org)

Goss, P. E. & Chambers, A. F. Does tumour dormancy offer a therapeutic target? (nature.com)
Folkman, J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. (nature.com)

As a result of changes in their adhesion molecules, the cells separate from the primary cell population and gain the ability to migrate independently within the extracellular matrix and, eventually, outside it (7). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The primary cause of tumor-related death in breast cancer (BC) is still represented by distant metastasization. (amegroups.org)

Materials and Methods: Blood samples of a healthy donor were mixed with specific numbers of cells from different breast carcinoma cell line cells. (iiarjournals.org)
In this regard, we used blood samples from a healthy donor mixed with different numbers of established breast cancer cells (CAMA-1, MCF7, ZR-75-1) and carried out subsequent gene expression analysis for cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19. (iiarjournals.org)

Klein, G. Foulds' dangerous idea revisited: the multistep development of tumors 40 years later. (nature.com)

Dormant cancer cells: programmed quiescence, senescence, or both? (nature.com)
Otherwise, their morphology, gene expression and genomics are similar to those of other cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)

Currently, intensive research is conducted on the importance of CTC in the biology and therapy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

Immunological techniques, which are the most widely used methods, employ immunomagnetic isolation ( 4 ). (iiarjournals.org)

The leading causes of tumor-related death in BC remain the complications from distant metastasization. (amegroups.org)

Recirculation of tumor cells from a metastasis to another metastasis, the bloodstream or the primary tumor (self-seeding) has been identified. (medscape.com)
A circulating tumor cell (CTC) is a cell that has shed into the vasculature or lymphatics from a primary tumor and is carried around the body in the blood circulation. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular analysis of CTCs have a potential to define particular susceptibilities of the cells representing the current tumor burden, which may be considerably different from the cells of the primary tumor. (encyclopedia.pub)
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), detached from the primary tumor or metastases and shed in the patient's bloodstream, represent a relatively easily obtainable sample of the cancer tissue that can indicate the actual state of cancer, and their evaluation can be repeated many times during the course of treatment. (iiarjournals.org)
CTCs, detached from the primary tumor or metastases and shed in patient's bloodstream, represent a relatively easily obtainable sample of cancer tissue. (iiarjournals.org)

Occult cancer micrometastasis established in distant organs may grow into overt metastasis. (medscape.com)

After surviving in the bloodstream and in a homing organ such as dormant micrometastases (e.g., bone marrow), cells might undergo MET and colonize a secondary organ. (medscape.com)
Breast cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women and is difficult to combat due to the long periods in which disseminated cells stay dormant and can be re-activated to start the relapse. (encyclopedia.pub)
There is a peak of relapses at about 2-3 years after the surgery, but the rate of metastasis remains relatively high after the peak, because disseminated cells may stay dormant even for as long as 20 years and start to proliferate upon some triggering event [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

6. A relevant immunomagnetic assay to detect and characterize epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive cells in bone marrow from patients with breast carcinoma: immunomagnetic purification of micrometastases. (nih.gov)
The majority of label-dependent methods use primarily the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM), a specific epithelial tissue marker ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)

8. In vitro chemosensitivity assay for human osteosarcoma using tumor xenografts. (nih.gov)

5. Detection of bone marrow micrometastasis in esophageal cancer patients by immunomagnetic separation. (nih.gov)

In tumors with amplified HER2 (about 20-30% of cases) prognosis is relatively worse than in luminal breast cancer, although they can be treated with targeted anti-HER2 therapy. (encyclopedia.pub)

9. Immunomagnetic detection and clinical significance of micrometastatic tumor cells in malignant melanoma patients. (nih.gov)
12. Immunomagnetic detection of micrometastatic cells in bone marrow of colorectal cancer patients. (nih.gov)

The success of endocrine therapies for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer or trastuzumab and lapatinib for targeting HER2-positive tumors has facilitated the clinical development of other breast cancer-targeted therapies. (medscape.com)

(A) Biological changes of breast cancer cells during dissemination and metastasis. (medscape.com)
It tends to disseminate quickly (also with a peak in the first 2-3 years after surgery) and the percentage of metastasis is high [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

2. Bone marrow micrometastases studied by an immunomagnetic isolation procedure in extremity localized non-metastatic osteosarcoma patients. (nih.gov)
11. Biological, functional and morphological characteristics of human bone and soft tissue tumors in nude mice. (nih.gov)
15. [Detecting bone marrow micrometastasis of gastric cancer by magnetic activated cell sorting combined with fluorescent activated cell sorting]. (nih.gov)
19. Tumor-cell homing to lymph nodes and bone marrow and CXCR4 expression in esophageal cancer. (nih.gov)

13. Osteosarcoma originates from mesenchymal stem cells in consequence of aneuploidization and genomic loss of Cdkn2. (nih.gov)

Every single CTC is surrounded by 10 6 -10 7 mononuclear white blood cells ( 2 , 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)

Otherwise, their morphology, gene expression and genomics are similar to those of other cancer cells. (wikipedia.org)

1. Hematogenous micrometastases in osteosarcoma patients. (nih.gov)

the obvious benefits of avoiding the surgery include avoiding the risk related to the innate tumor-genicity of cancer surgeries. (wikipedia.org)

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