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MicrodialysisExtracellular FluidExtracellular SpaceDopamineDialysisRats, Sprague-Dawley3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic AcidGlutamic AcidNucleus AccumbensCorpus StriatumLactic AcidHomovanillic AcidSerotoninGlycerolPyruvic AcidRats, HairlessRats, WistarSubcutaneous TissueExcitatory Amino AcidsBrain ChemistryBrainChromatography, High Pressure LiquidHydroxyindoleacetic AcidSkinTime FactorsPrinciple-Based EthicsNorepinephrine8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralinPrefrontal CortexDose-Response Relationship, DrugMonitoring, PhysiologicBehavior, AnimalStereotaxic TechniquesNeostriatumAmphetamineDopamine Uptake InhibitorsArea Under CurveCocaineAcetylcholineBiogenic MonoaminesRegional Blood FlowRaphe NucleiWakefulnessBeneficenceAdrenergic Uptake InhibitorsLaser-Doppler FlowmetryLipolysisSerotonin Antagonistsgamma-Aminobutyric AcidHippocampusMuscle, SkeletalBrain InjuriesIntracranial PressureAnalysis of VarianceGlucoseMotor ActivityNeurotransmitter AgentsSerotonin Receptor AgonistsElectrophoresis, MicrochipElectrochemistryDopamine AntagonistsReceptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1NeurochemistryNomifensineBlood-Brain BarrierElectrochemical TechniquesAdenosine
Vivo microdialysisCatheterGlycerolNeurochemicalProbesElectrodesTissueExperimentsCriticallyClinicalBrainMechanismsSamplesTechniqueImportantInvolvesReviewPatientsDeliveryCarePreparationPerfusateVivoPerfusionPhysiologicalIntracranial pressureMembraneExperimentQuantificationStudying biomarkersDialysisBasicTechniquesStudyFundamentalTheoryStudiesApproximatelyProductsApplicationsTotalResearch
Vivo microdialysis2
  • From anesthetized rats in the 90s to conscious wild-type or knockout mice today, intracerebral in vivo microdialysis provided important information about the brain mechanism of action of psychotropic drugs such as antidepressants. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In vivo microdialysis analyses revealed an increase in the activity of VLPO astrocytes and ATP levels during sleep states ( n = 4). (jneurosci.org)
Catheter2
Glycerol2
  • Microdialysis results showed that patients with upper gastrointestinal tract lesions had significantly higher levels of postoperative intraperitoneal glucose and glycerol concentrations, as well as lower lactate/pyruvate ratios and lactate/glucose ratios. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined the effect of three months of rosiglitazone treatment (4 mg b.i.d.) on whole-body insulin sensitivity and in vivo peripheral adipocyte insulin sensitivity as assessed by glycerol release in microdialysis from subcutaneous fat during a two-step (20 and 120 mU · m −2 · min −1 ) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in nine type 2 diabetic subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
Neurochemical3
  • Critically, current and precedent microdialysis and microperfusion probes lack the ability to collect neurochemical data that is spatially and temporally coincident with EEG data derived from depth electrodes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, the principle aim of this proposal is to further recent observations about the neuroanatomical and neurochemical mechanism(s) that account for activation of the brainstem-hypothalamicACTH axis by nicotine. (grantome.com)
  • Pier Andrea Serra and colleagues from Italy and Germany noted that the most common method for monitoring brain neurochemical levels is microdialysis, a technique that requires insertion of a relatively big probe into the brain. (aarogya.com)
Probes3
  • The direction of the analyte flow is determined by the respective concentration gradient and allows the usage of microdialysis probes as sampling as well as delivery tools. (wikipedia.org)
  • The molecular weight cutoff of commercially available microdialysis probes covers a wide range of approximately 6-100kD, but also 1MD is available. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microdialysis probes can consequently be calibrated by either measuring the loss of analyte using drug-containing perfusate or the gain of analyte using drug-containing sample solutions. (wikipedia.org)
Electrodes2
  • Finally, previously developed microdialysis electrodes and microperfusion electrodes are reviewed in preclinical and clinical settings. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The Monophasic Action Potential (MAP) electrodes work based on the principle of Franz et al whereby firm, stable contact of the MAP electrode results in a high-quality MAP. (harvardapparatus.com)
Tissue6
  • Microdialysis is a minimally-invasive sampling technique that is used for continuous measurement of free, unbound analyte concentrations in the extracellular fluid of virtually any tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microdialysis - Monitoring Tissue Chemistry in Intensive Care Medicine. (lu.se)
  • Microdialysis offers advantages over the skin blister and tissue homogenate studies historically used to define antibiotic penetration in skin and soft-tissue infections by defining antibiotic penetration into the interstitial fluid over the entire concentration versus time profile. (japmaonline.org)
  • Cerebral microdialysis is now widely used as a bedside monitor of brain tissue biochemistry to identify cerebral hypoxia/ischaemia and assess cellular bioenergetics after brain injury. (cambridge.org)
  • Microdialysis is used for a variety of clinical indications, including tissue monitoring in myocutaneous flap surgery, transplant surgery and bowel anastamoses. (cambridge.org)
  • Neurointensivists use and interpret data from advanced specialty-specific neuromonitoring tools, including continuous electroencephalogram (EEG), transcranial doppler, intracranial pressure and tissue oxygenation monitors, and microdialysis catheters. (emra.org)
Experiments2
  • While water-soluble compounds generally diffuse freely across the microdialysis membrane, the situation is not as clear for highly lipophilic analytes, where both successful (e.g. corticosteroids) and unsuccessful microdialysis experiments (e.g. estradiol, fusidic acid) have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
  • This hypothesis is based partially on results of microdialysis experiments performed in naïve, non stressed Rodents. (eurekaselect.com)
Critically1
  • The proper selection of an appropriate calibration method is critically important for the success of a microdialysis experiment. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical2
  • Dr. Greenberg's classic text covers the breadth of neurosurgery and its allied specialties and provides the latest information on anatomy and physiology, differential diagnosis, and currently accepted principles of clinical management. (google.ru)
  • This article aims to provide an overview of the principles of PET and its applications to clinical neurology. (bmj.com)
Brain2
Mechanisms1
  • By implementing intricate methodology (e.g., microdialysis, optogenetics) and an understanding of mechanisms of behavior, our program provides a critical insight into the neurobiology controlling motivated behaviors. (twocentit.com)
Samples1
  • We would like to thank Professor Rainer Landgraf for analyzing the microdialysis samples, Dr. Ryoichi Teruyama for the kind donation of the TRPM4 antibody, and Professor Gareth Leng for critical reading of the manuscript. (cox2-inhibitors.com)
Technique1
Important2
  • In this sense, the neurointensivist has a very important role in helping patients and families grapple with issues around end of life, goals of care, loss of identity, and the bioethical principles that underlie each of these issues. (emra.org)
  • This is an important method in microdialysis. (scirp.org)
Involves1
  • The basic principle of chromatography involves the distribution of a mixture between a mobile phase and a stationary phase. (labmate-online.com)
Review1
Patients1
  • Conversely, the collection of human electroencephalography (EEG) data has long been the standard of care in these patients, enabling individualized insights for therapy and revealing fundamental principles of human neurophysiology. (elsevierpure.com)
Delivery1
  • Improves your understanding of the physical principles of equipment, the rationale for its use, delivery systems for inhalational anesthesia, systems monitoring, hazards and safety features, maintenance and quality assurance, special situations/equipment for non-routine adult anesthesia, and future directions for the field. (anesthesiahub.com)
Care1
  • The application of evidence-based principles of care in older persons (issue 5): Alzheimer's disease. (jefferson.edu)
Preparation1
  • In principle, sample preparation is necessary if the column is negatively influenced by the sample composition. (tu-berlin.de)
Perfusate3
  • Due to the constant perfusion of the microdialysis probe with fresh perfusate, a total equilibrium cannot be established. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microdialysis probes can consequently be calibrated by either measuring the loss of analyte using drug-containing perfusate or the gain of analyte using drug-containing sample solutions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Part B demonstrates the principle of retrodialysis with infusion of diffusible compounds (drugs or substances) added to the perfusate. (medicaljournals.se)
Vivo2
  • The expectation is that the funded work will establish appropriate designs and analyses for in vivo dermal microdialysis (dMD) or dermal open flow microperfusion (dOFM) studies to evaluate topical bioavailability and bioequivalence based upon appropriate dermal pharmacokinetic endpoints. (nih.gov)
  • Skin microdialysis is an established method for in vivo sample collection from the extracellular fluid space. (medicaljournals.se)
Perfusion2
  • Skin microdialysis consists of the implantation of semi-permeable probes into the upper dermis, perfusion with a physiological buffer, and the recovery of the substances that diffused from the skin into the perfusion fluid. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Briefly, the basic components needed for a microdialysis experiment are a microdialysis probe, a perfusion pump, a perfusion fluid, and a sampling device. (medicaljournals.se)
Physiological1
Intracranial pressure2
Membrane4
  • The microdialysis probe is designed to mimic a blood capillary and consists of a shaft with a semipermeable hollow fiber membrane at its tip, which is connected to inlet and outlet tubing. (wikipedia.org)
  • While water-soluble compounds generally diffuse freely across the microdialysis membrane, the situation is not as clear for highly lipophilic analytes, where both successful (e.g. corticosteroids) and unsuccessful microdialysis experiments (e.g. estradiol, fusidic acid) have been reported. (wikipedia.org)
  • The recovery can be determined at steady-state using the constant rate of analyte exchange across the microdialysis membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diffusible compounds within the extracellular compartment of the skin diffuse by the concentration gradient across the dialysis membrane into the lumen of the microdialysis probe, and the compounds can be collected in the fluid at the outlet (the dialysate). (medicaljournals.se)
Experiment1
  • The proper selection of an appropriate calibration method is critically important for the success of a microdialysis experiment. (wikipedia.org)
Quantification1
  • Chapter 5 investigates a rapid, ultra-sensitive and highly efficient method for quantification of histamine in human psoriatic plaques using microdialysis and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. (ucc.ie)
Studying biomarkers1
Dialysis2
  • The microdialysis principle was first employed in the early 1960s, when push-pull canulas and dialysis sacs were implanted into animal tissues, especially into rodent brains, to directly study the tissues' biochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dunn WB, Summers A, Brown M, Goodacre R, Lambie M, Johnson T, Wilkie M, Davies S, Topley N, Brenchley P. Proof-of-principle study to detect metabolic changes inperitoneal dialysis effluent in patients who develop encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. (gmann.co.uk)
Basic4
Techniques2
  • Using similar microdialysis techniques, Magnoni et al . (medscape.com)
  • Trace Environmental Quantitative Analysis: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, Second Edition comprises different and weekly foods of the videos and Text of energy core informed form( TEQA). (nukefix.org)
Study2
  • The main goal of this study was to provide the 'proof-of-principle' that low-dose paclitaxel is able to change the tumor microenvironment and improve the outcome of intratumoral dendritic cell vaccine in a murine lung cancer model. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to test the principle of motor abundance, which has been hypothesized as the principle by which the central nervous system controls the excessive degrees of freedom of the human movements, in contrast to the traditional negative view of motor redundancy. (shengsci.com)
Fundamental1
  • It was hypothesized that acetate labelled with carbon-11 would provide an index of oxidative metabolism, based on fundamental biochemical principles. (ndltd.org)
Theory3
  • In theory, the extraction efficiency of a microdialysis probe can be determined by: 1) changing the drug concentrations while keeping the flow rate constant or 2) changing the flow rate while keeping the respective drug concentrations constant. (wikipedia.org)
  • The theory of microdialysis has been described in previous reviews (7-9). (medicaljournals.se)
  • Chapter 1 introduces the theory and principles behind capillary electrophoresis separation. (ucc.ie)
Studies4
  • This review provides a comprehensive but not exhaustive review of the use of microdialysis in studies of experimental and clinical inflammatory reactions in the skin in animals and humans. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Microdialysis has been intensively applied in studies of inflammatory reactions in animal and human skin. (medicaljournals.se)
  • In addition, a multitude of studies have utilised microdialysis to investigate drug penetration through the inflamed skin, a topic that is not covered in this review. (medicaljournals.se)
  • This review provides a comprehensive, overview of the existing knowledge from studies that used skin microdialysis under experimental and clinical inflammatory conditions with the main emphasis on the recovery of inflammatory mediators. (medicaljournals.se)
Approximately1
  • Microdialysis was introduced approximately 40 years ago as a method for monitoring neurotransmitters in the brain of rodents (1, 2). (medicaljournals.se)
Products1
  • Biotechnology is a rapidly growing field that combines the principles of biology, chemistry, and engineering to develop new products and technologies for a variety of industries. (azolifesciences.com)
Applications1
  • Applications driven by engineering principles and biological utility are typical. (nih.gov)
Total2
  • Based on the principle of motor abundance, it was hypothesized that the multi-finger synergies for the total force stabilizing synergy and the total moment stabilizing synergy would be greater as the number of task finger increases. (shengsci.com)
  • We interpret the findings as an evidence for the principle of abundance for stabilization of both, total force as well as total moment. (shengsci.com)
Research1
  • This is why we are bound by the principles of freedom of research, gender equality and professional attitudes that HRS4R promotes. (vallhebron.com)