Microbial nitrate reduction. Medical search. Frequent questions

Anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled to denitrification (AOM-D) is a unique microbial process which can oxidize methane coupled with nitrate reduction. (uwaterloo.ca)
Furthermore, both methane oxidation and nitrate reduction that occurs in the biofilm is facilitated by denitrifying methanotrophs. (uwaterloo.ca)
In the dog, in addition to strong salivary secretion, large quantities of nitrate were excreted in the bile following i.v. administration of nitrite, thus confirming this pathway of excretion as well as oxidation of nitrite in vivo (Walker, in press). (inchem.org)
The physiological consequences of cellular phenazine reduction have been extensively studied, but the counterpart phenazine oxidation has been largely overlooked. (stanford.edu)
We found that PCA oxidation by these strains in a nitrate-dependent manner is decoupled from growth and strain dependent. (stanford.edu)
Based on the Redfield stoichiometry of dissolved O 2 and nitrate, we suggest that net aerobic respiration in these sediments is coupled to oxidation of marine organic matter. (darkenergybiosphere.org)
The haloalkaliphilic bacterium Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii is capable of anaerobic chemolithoautotrophic growth by coupling the oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) to the reduction of nitrate and carbon dioxide. (usgs.gov)
Finally, we will determine the 'natural' partners of the Crenarchaeota for nitrite reduction of nitrite oxidation in environmental samples using molecular and isotopic methods. (darwincenter.nl)
A Bioreactor Approach to Investigate the Linkage between Methane Oxidation and Nitrate/Nitrite Reduction in the Pelagic Oxic-Anoxic Transition Zone of the Central Baltic Sea. (io-warnemuende.de)

Stable 15 N isotope incubations under dark and anoxic conditions revealed that axenic S. marinoi is able to reduce intracellular nitrate to ammonium that is immediately excreted by the cells. (frontiersin.org)
Only 5% of the intracellular nitrate was reduced to ammonium, while 59% was recovered as nitrite. (frontiersin.org)
Although the effects of increased total airborne N by anthropogenic emissions on bog vegetation are well documented, the important question remains how different N forms (ammonium, NH4+, versus nitrate, NO3−) affect N cycling, as their relative contribution to the total load strongly varies among regions globally. (nerc.ac.uk)
We further investigate if plants or the microbial biomass exhibit preferences for certain nitrogen forms (glycine, nitrate, and ammonium) to gain insight into nitrogen partitioning in invaded communities. (who.int)
They also potentially performed dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, which conserves nitrogen in the ecosystem, which could partially explain how the ecosystem sustains such high biodiversity. (monash.edu)

Effects of sulfate reduction on trichloroethene dechlorination by Dehalococcoides-containing microbial communities. (nih.gov)
Called "cryptic sulfur cycling," the idea was somewhat difficult to accept largely because the products of this microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) were difficult to detect, and because other compounds in the area, such as nitrates, were more energetically favorable to metabolize. (countercurrents.org)
Messenger RNAs coding for enzymes involved in sulfate reduction and nitrate reduction, processes cells use to generate energy-storing molecules, also were found. (tgdaily.com)
It's been theorized that much of the energy that microbes get in this environment comes from sulfate reduction," said Orsi. (tgdaily.com)
Until now, models of microbial activity in deep sediments have included sulfate reduction but have not included significant use of nitrate. (tgdaily.com)
The current research found comparable numbers of mRNAs involved in nitrate reduction and sulfate reduction, suggesting that both processes are important in the deep biosphere community. (tgdaily.com)

Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
Microbial metabolism is the main contribution for the bodily decay of all organisms after death. (wikipedia.org)
Since some of the aggregate-forming diatom species store nitrate intracellularly, we explored the fate of intracellular nitrate and its availability for microbial metabolism within anoxic diatom-bacteria aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
A combination of metabolic modeling, with physiological and transcriptomic data provided insights into autotrophic metabolism as well as aided the characterization of a nitrate reduction pathway in C. ljungdahlii . (biomedcentral.com)
This versatility further underscores the ubiquity and antiquity of microbial arsenic metabolism. (usgs.gov)
Oral malodor is primarily the result of microbial metabolism. (medscape.com)

Bulk sediment and sediment grain properties were measured along with microbial colonization and cell abundances, oxygen consumption and denitrification rates. (nature.com)
Oxygen consumption and denitrification rates were linearly correlated to the microbial cell abundances, which ranged from 2.9 to 5.4·10 8 cells cm −3 . (nature.com)
In contrast, NO3− addition resulted in enhanced peat N mineralization linked to microbial NO3− reduction, increasing soil pH, N concentrations and N losses via denitrification. (nerc.ac.uk)
Anaerobic microbial processes including denitrification, methanogenesis, and methanotrophy are responsible for releasing greenhouse gases (N 2 O, CH 4 , CO 2 ) into the atmosphere (Schlesinger, 1997). (kenyon.edu)
Microbial community mediated denitrification leads to nitrate reduction and, its eventual removal from marine ecosystems. (nio.res.in)

To date however, little is known about the interrelation between porewater transport, grain properties and microbial colonization and the consequences for remineralization rates in sandy sediments. (nature.com)
We found, that cell abundance and consumption rates in sandy sediments are influenced (i) by the surface area available for microbial colonization and (ii) by the exposure of these surfaces to the solute-supplying porewater flow. (nature.com)
Here we take an experimental and mechanistic modeling approach to characterize the annual decline of nitrate (NO 3 − ) within floodplain sediments at Rifle, Colorado. (copernicus.org)
In areas with high rates of microbial respiration, O 2 penetrates only millimetres to centimetres into the sediments, but active anaerobic microbial communities are present in sediments hundreds of metres or more below the sea floor. (darkenergybiosphere.org)

Over the last century, leaps in technology for imaging, sampling, detection, high-throughput sequencing, and -omics analyses have revolutionized microbial ecology to enable rapid acquisition of extensive datasets for microbial communities across the ever-increasing temporal and spatial scales. (frontiersin.org)
We describe the Framework for Integrated, Conceptual, and Systematic Microbial Ecology (FICSME), an experimental design framework for conducting process-focused microbial ecology studies that incorporates biological, chemical, and physical drivers of a microbial system into a conceptual model. (frontiersin.org)
However, the multiscale, stochastic, spatio-temporal, and diverse nature of microbial processes makes it difficult to achieve predictive understanding of microbial systems, despite the large body of microbial ecology research. (frontiersin.org)
This disconnect between basic and translational science in microbial ecology stems largely from the intractability of most microbes and microbial communities- in situ in their natural habitat and in the laboratory, due to challenges with cultivation and genetic manipulation. (frontiersin.org)
As a result, most of our understanding of microbial ecology is patchwork, synthesized from model microbes that often do not represent the full set of capabilities of the microbial communities associated with real-world phenomena. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding how microbial communities are assembled and how the presence or absence of species is related to that of others are central goals of microbial ecology. (peerj.com)
Aquatic Microbial Ecology. (mbl.edu)

Much of the nitrogen from these sources goes on to enter streams, primarily as nitrates, and is transported downriver to coastal marine systems. (nature.com)
Sinking aggregates also represent pelagic microniches with intensified microbial activity, oxygen depletion in the center, and anaerobic nitrogen cycling. (frontiersin.org)
Thirty-one percent of the diatom-derived nitrate was converted to nitrogen gas, indicating that a substantial fraction of the intracellular nitrate pool of S. marinoi becomes available to the aggregate-associated bacterial community. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, aggregate-associated diatoms accumulate nitrate from the surrounding water and sustain complex nitrogen transformations, including loss of fixed nitrogen, in anoxic, pelagic microniches. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, it may be expected that intracellular nitrate not converted before the aggregates have settled onto the seafloor could fuel benthic nitrogen transformations. (frontiersin.org)
This process can be a promising biotechnology for nitrogen treatment since nitrate can be reduced using methane produced from anaerobic digestion without additional carbon source requirement.AOM-D could occur in two ways. (uwaterloo.ca)
Plant nitrogen uptake was higher in invaded communities due primarily to the increase in understory biomass when M. vimineum was present, but for the microbial biomass, nitrogen uptake did not vary with invasion status. (who.int)
Our results suggest that the gabbroic layer hosts a microbial community that can degrade hydrocarbons and fix carbon and nitrogen, and has the potential to employ a diversity of non-oxygen electron acceptors. (figshare.com)
However, pathways of nitrogen (N) cycling within this environment are poorly understood, and observations of temporally discrete changes in nitrate concentrations lack the necessary resolution to partition between biotic or abiotic mechanisms. (copernicus.org)
This study investigated microbial community structure in pristine and burnt sites in North Selangor peat swamp forest, as well as putative functional genes possessed by cultivated bacteria in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, using next-generation sequencing. (monash.edu)

The nitrate/nitrite reduction test is used to assess an organism's capacity to convert nitrate to nitrite and to identify the various ways in which it can do so. (chemistnotes.com)

Nitrate reduction occurred much sooner thon perchlorate reduction in soils that had not been previously exposed to perchlorate, but nitrates, and perchlorate were simultaneously reduced in soils previously exposed to perchlorate. (europa.eu)
Under the conditions that prevailed during this study, 10 °C was a threshold temperature below which microbial activity, including perchlorate reduction, decreased dramatically. (unl.edu)

While advective transport is the primary factor determining the concentrations of solutes in the vicinity of the attached microbial community, transport into the microenvironments on the sand grains and ultimately to the microbial cells is governed by diffusion. (nature.com)
When exposed to a light:dark cycle and oxic conditions, S. marinoi stored nitrate intracellularly in concentrations >60 mmol L -1 both as free-living cells and associated to aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
Intracellular nitrate concentrations exceeded extracellular concentrations by three orders of magnitude. (frontiersin.org)
All nitrate reduction rates followed nitrate concentrations, being highest at the wastewater-influenced sampling points. (jyu.fi)
The results confirmed that consistent biological perchlorate removal to 2 µg/L is feasible at temperatures above 10 °C. Effluent concentrations of perchlorate, nitrate, and dissolved oxygen varied inversely with temperature, while sulfide varied positively with temperature. (unl.edu)
In contrast, at Site U1371 in the upwelling zone just south of the gyre, detectable oxygen and nitrate are limited to the top and bottom of the sediment column, manganese reduction is a prominent electron-accepting process, and cell concentrations are higher than at the same depths in the SPG sites throughout the sediment column. (darkenergybiosphere.org)

DNRA bacteria appear to depend on sulfide for nitrate reduction. (lu.se)

Enhanced in situ reductive dechlorination (ERD) is the process of modifying chemical, physical, and biological conditions in the aquifer to stimulate the microbial degradation of contaminants under anaerobic conditions to harmless end products (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO 2 ] or ethene). (frtr.gov)
In a recent paper published in Nature Geoscience , the authors used a new device coined 'In Situ Microbial Incubator' (ISMI) to determine prokaryotic heterotrophic activity under in situ conditions. (us-ocb.org)
They compared microbial activity in situ with activity under atmospheric pressure at 27 stations from 175 to 4000 m depths in the Atlantic, Pacific, and the Southern Ocean. (us-ocb.org)

How will possible remediation strategies affect the geochemical environment (e.g., by releasing other toxic substances, or by adding or removing substances upon which microbial activity and contaminant degradation depend)? (nationalacademies.org)

However, this relationship is dependent on the coupling between aerobic and anaerobic microbial guilds at the oxic-anoxic interface. (copernicus.org)

Although energy yields are much greater with oxygen than with any other terminal electron acceptor (see #Electron tower theory, section 2.1.1), under anoxic conditions anaerobic and facultative microbes can use alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate, ferric iron (Fe III), manganese (IV) oxide, sulfate, and carbon dioxide to produce energy and build biomass. (kenyon.edu)

To discern drivers of microbial community assembly and function, we recognize the need for a conceptual, quantitative framework that connects measurements of genomic potential, the environment, and ecological and physical forces to rates of microbial growth at specific locations. (frontiersin.org)

Here, we examined if spatial allocation of the wastewater discharge by a specially constructed sediment diffuser pipe system enhanced the microbial nitrate reduction processes. (jyu.fi)
Overall, our results indicate that sediment diffusion method can supplement wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) nitrate removal without enhancing alternative harmful processes. (jyu.fi)

2020. Arid ecosystem vegetation canopy-gap dichotomy: Influence on soil microbial composition and nutrient cycling functional potential. (nih.gov)
The sequential reduction of perchlorate and NO3- by an indigenous soil microbial community in Yolo loam batch systems was also studied. (europa.eu)

The results of the microbiological viable counts revealed active microbial populations of lactic acid bacteria (up to 8 Log cfu g-1), coagulase negative cocci (up to 6 Log cfu g-1), and eumycetes (up to 6 Log cfu g-1). (bvsalud.org)

This activity depends on the availability of a suitable terminal electron acceptor, specifically nitrate. (stanford.edu)
We compared this terminal electron acceptor-dependent PCA-oxidizing activity of C. portucalensis MBL to that of several other gammaproteobacteria with various capacities to respire nitrate. (stanford.edu)
As explained in the #introduction , microorganism can use alternative terminal electron acceptor when dissolved oxygen is absent (nitrate,perchlorate, sulfate, carbon dioxide). (kenyon.edu)

The enterosalivary nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway is an alternative pathway of nitric oxide generation, potentially linking the oral microbiome to insulin resistance and blood pressure (BP). (ahajournals.org)

Through iterative cycles that advance our understanding of the coupling across scales and processes, we can reliably predict how perturbations to microbial systems impact ecosystem-scale processes or vice versa. (frontiersin.org)
We describe an approach and potential applications for using the FICSME to elucidate the mechanisms of globally important ecological and physical processes, toward attaining the goal of predicting the structure and function of microbial communities in chemically complex natural environments. (frontiersin.org)
Full-scale experiments were set on two Finnish lake sites, Keuruu and Petäjävesi, and effects on the nitrate removal processes were studied using the stable isotope pairing technique. (jyu.fi)

Current research is focused on the AMO-D kinetics in a series of batch experiments, in addition to the operation of the MBfR, investigating the optimum operating conditions and substrate limitation impact on the nitrate/nitrite removal efficiency. (uwaterloo.ca)
The broth is checked for substrate reduction after there is sufficient growth visible in the tube. (chemistnotes.com)

CH 4 and nitrate are supplied as an electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively.CH 4 gas is delivered through the inside the poreless hollow fiber membrane to a biofilm that naturally accumulates on the outer surface of bubbleless membranes. (uwaterloo.ca)
Nitrate is frequently used by gram-negative bacteria as the final electron acceptor. (chemistnotes.com)

One of the main biochemical assays used in clinical microbiology labs to distinguish M. TB from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous Mycobacteria is nitrate reductase in conjunction with niacin buildup. (chemistnotes.com)

Water-filled pore space, aggregate stability, particulate organic matter, and microbial biomass were sensitive to management and should be included in studies aimed at improving soil management. (usda.gov)

Microbial electrosynthesis is a process in which microorganisms directly use electric current to reduce carbon dioxide to multi-carbon organic compounds that are excreted from the cells into extracellular medium[ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Denitrifying bacteria and hungry plants do sterling work in disposing of the nitrates that we pump into rivers and streams. (nature.com)
The ubiquitous nitrate-storing diatom Skeletonema marinoi was studied as both axenic cultures and laboratory-produced diatom-bacteria aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
Intracellular nitrate was used up within 2-3 days after shifting diatom-bacteria aggregates to dark and anoxic conditions. (frontiersin.org)
We hypothesized that increased abundance of nitrate‐reducing oral bacteria would be associated with lower levels of cardiometabolic risk cross‐sectionally. (ahajournals.org)
The gabbroic microbial community was relatively depauperate, consisting of a low diversity of proteobacterial lineages closely related to Bacteria from hydrocarbon-dominated environments and to known hydrocarbon degraders, and there was little evidence of Archaea. (figshare.com)
A mechanistic microbial model representing the diverse physiology of nitrifiers, facultative aerobes (including denitrifiers), and anammox bacteria indicates that the bulk of biological N loss within the capillary fringe is attributable to denitrifying heterotrophs. (copernicus.org)

Acetogenic microorganisms have unique metabolic capabilities that, if understood, could be harnessed to greatly increase strain engineering design options for microbial production of biofuels and biocommodities. (biomedcentral.com)
To better understand the interactions occurring between the autochthonous microorganisms and the meat batter in the Painho de Porco Preto fermented sausage, microbial and VOCs dynamics must be further deepened throughout the production process. (bvsalud.org)

Microbial DNA was extracted from subgingival dental plaque (n=281) and V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced to measure the relative abundances of 20 a priori - selected taxa with nitrate‐reducing capacity. (ahajournals.org)
Standardized scores of each taxon's relative abundance were summed, producing a nitrate‐reducing taxa summary score ( NO 3 TSS ) for each participant. (ahajournals.org)

Niacin production and nitrate reduction were detected as described by Kent and Kubica ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)

The present challenge is capitalizing on our enhanced abilities of observation and integrating diverse data types from different scales, resolutions, and disciplines to reach a causal and mechanistic understanding of how microbial communities transform and respond to perturbations in the environment. (frontiersin.org)
Microbial communities serve critical roles in all ecosystems and have a profound impact on human health, environmental health, and industrial capabilities. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, in estuaries and coastal systems that experience short-term variations in oxygen and sulfide, capabilities of microbial communities are more diverse and tolerant of suboptimal conditions than some paradigms suggest. (lu.se)
thus, gabbroic microbial communities have not yet been studied. (figshare.com)
Deep sea microbial communities are experiencing increasing hydrostatic pressure with depth. (us-ocb.org)
In areas with low sedimentary respiration, O 2 penetrates much deeper but the depth to which microbial communities persist was previously unknown. (darkenergybiosphere.org)

This type of causal and mechanistic understanding will make predictions of microbial community behavior more robust and actionable in addressing microbially mediated global problems. (frontiersin.org)

Other batch experiments with Yolo loam surface and subsurface soils, Columbia loam surface soil, and dredge tailings demonstrated that perchlorate biodegradation required anaerobic conditions, an adequate carbon source, and an active perchlorate-degrading microbial population. (europa.eu)
Microbial transformations of elements in anaerobic soils play a large role in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and in greenhouse gas emissions. (kenyon.edu)

Influent temperatures varied from 1.4 to 30 °C. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of temperature on perchlorate removal, nitrate removal, nitrite formation, dissolved oxygen consumption, sulfide production, and nutrient acetate consumption. (unl.edu)

It is known that some deep sea microbes require high hydrostatic pressure for growth, but most measurements of deep-sea microbial activity have been performed under atmospheric pressure conditions. (us-ocb.org)

Thus, the assessment of the health risk of nitrate to humans should encompass the toxicity of both nitrite and N-nitroso compounds, and the animal species used for safety evaluation should be closely related to humans with respect to the toxicokinetics of nitrate and the conversion of nitrate to nitrite. (inchem.org)
Microbial diversity was found to be significantly affected by depth, but not tree species. (monash.edu)
About 80-90% of halitosis is due to intraoral microbial species that populate on the tongue, teeth, and periodontal biofilms. (medscape.com)

When subjected to microbial decomposition, hemicelluloses degrade initially at faster rate and are first hydrolyzed to their component sugars and uronic acids. (agriinfo.in)

The microbial community is exposed to different electron acceptors and donors in these microenvironments dependent on the advective transport regime. (nature.com)

As such, it is desirable to have robust, actionable directions for intervention of microbial community function. (frontiersin.org)
It has been hypothesized that these hydrocarbons might originate abiotically from serpentinization reactions that are occurring deep in the Earth's crust, raising the possibility that the lithic microbial community reported here might utilize carbon sources produced independently of the surface biosphere. (figshare.com)

Following extended saturation by groundwater at these depths we observed subsequent nitrate reduction. (copernicus.org)

Absorbed nitrate may re-enter the stomach and intestinal lumen directly via the bloodstream and via secretions. (inchem.org)

Here we show that, in this region, microbial cells and aerobic respiration persist through the entire sediment sequence to depths of at least 75 metres below sea floor. (darkenergybiosphere.org)

Sites U1365-U1370), dissolved oxygen and nitrate are present throughout the entire sediment sequence, and sedimentary microbial cell counts are lower than at all previously drilled IODP/ Ocean Drilling Program (ODP)/Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) sites. (darkenergybiosphere.org)

This decline in infectiousness is due primarily to reduction in the bacillary population in the lungs. (medscape.com)

In addition to the saliva, secretion of nitrate occurs at other sites in the GI tract leading to reduction by the gut flora. (inchem.org)
The size reduction of the AgNPs involves an increase in the contact surface, which is an important condition for the antimicrobial effects of silver and could prevent black staining in teeth, as occurs after application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF). (bvsalud.org)

Biostimulation refers to the introduction of an electron donor (carbon source) into the aquifer for stimulating microbial growth. (frtr.gov)

Anatomy3

Organisms10

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care6

Oxidation9

Ammonium5

Sulfate reduction6

Metabolism6

Denitrification5

Sediments4

Ecology7

Nitrogen10

Nitrite reduction1

Perchlorate reduction2

Concentrations6

DNRA1

Situ3

Degradation1

Anaerobic microbial1

Ferric iron1

Rates of microbial1

Wastewater2

Soil microbial2

Active microbial1

Terminal electron3

Pathway1

Processes3

Substrate2

Electron acceptor2

Biochemical assays1

Biomass1

Extracellular1

Bacteria6

Microorganisms2

Taxa2

Niacin1

Communities6

Mechanistic1

Soils2

Sulfide1

Microbes1

Species3

Degrade1

Donors1

Community2

Groundwater1

Intestinal1

Respiration1

Sediment1

Primarily1

Occurs2

Carbon source1