Microbial host chromosomes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Genome Insider: Methane Makers in Yosemite's Lakes Meet researchers who sampled the microbial communities living in the mountaintop lakes of the Sierra Nevada mountains to see how climate change affects freshwater ecosystems, and how those ecosystems work. (doe.gov)
Stanford researchers extracted 29 novel microbial genomes from Yellowstone hot spring samples while still preserving single-cell resolution to enable accurate analysis of genome function and abundance. (doe.gov)
The genome of P. putida S12 consists of a 5.8 Mbp chromosome and a 580 kbp megaplasmid pTTS12. (fems-microbiology.org)
The major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans possesses a diploid genome, but responds to growth in challenging environments by employing chromosome aneuploidy as an adaptation mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
C. albicans normally possesses a diploid genome organized in eight pairs of chromosomes, but uses reversible loss or gain of an entire chromosome or a large part of chromosomes to survive in toxic environments that would otherwise kill cells or prevent their propagation [reviewed in 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
To this aim, he has so far developed tools to perform precise genome engineering in human pathogenic bacteria and hosts for microbial fermentation. (ebrc.org)
Interest has grown in characterizing the microbiome, defined as a collective microbial community and its extensive genome, as a clue to disease mechanisms. (rmmj.org.il)
This approach allows genetic identification of individual micro-organisms in a complex community but also offers a glance into the fascinating world of microbial genetics, or metagenomics when including the host genome. (rmmj.org.il)
In this context, we have analyzed the genome and proteome composition of N. equitans and compared the same with those of other mesophiles, hyperthermophiles and obligatory host-associated organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
The Pss B728a genome (6.1 Mb) contains a circular chromosome and no plasmid, whereas the Pst DC3000 genome is 6.5 mbp in size, composed of a circular chromosome and two plasmids. (nih.gov)
Over 375 repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences unique to Pss B728a when compared with Pst DC3000 are widely distributed throughout the chromosome except in 14 genomic islands, which generally had lower GC content than the genome as a whole. (nih.gov)
The genome of T. maritima consists of a single circular 1.8 megabase chromosome encoding for 1877 proteins. (eol.org)

Navigating the AI frontier: ethical considerations and best practices in microbial genomics research. (cdc.gov)
Over the last two decades, advanced molecular genetics technology has enabled analysis of complex microbial communities and the study of microbial genomics. (rmmj.org.il)
4 Today, microbial genomics study tools enable the sequencing of a bacterial chromosome composed of 4,000,000 base pairs in just one day. (rmmj.org.il)
Microbial genomics studies can provide insights into bacterial population structure, phylogenetic evolutionary history, growth requirements, protein expression, and associated immune responses. (rmmj.org.il)

Finally, we discuss how both nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes have evolved to co-inhabit the same host cell via one of the longest symbiotic processes, and all the opportunities for intergenomic conflict that arise due to divergence in inheritance patterns. (nature.com)
In the course of his postdoctoral research, he is now applying accelerated laboratory evolution to understand the design-principles of functional genomes and engineer radically recoded chromosomes. (ebrc.org)
Transfers of a single gene, a complete metabolic pathway 10 , whole chromosomes 11 or even cases of the integration of almost complete genomes from bacterial endosymbionts into their eukaryotic hosts 12 have been described. (nature.com)
While these observations were made on free-living bacteria, very few data exist on symbiotic bacteria characterized by reduced genomes, shaped by their adaptation to the host metabolic requirements and by their high evolution rate. (biomedcentral.com)
Microbial genomes. (cdc.gov)

Plasmid-based synthetic sRNA expression system does not leave any scar on the chromosome, and can be easily transferred to many other host strains to be examined. (sciencedaily.com)
To date, multilocus integration systems in B. subtilis , which is one of the main industrial enzyme producers and a GRAS (generally regarded as safe) microbial host, rely on iterative rounds of plasmid construction for sequential insertions of genes into the B. subtilis chromosome, which is tedious and time consuming. (biomedcentral.com)
To circumvent this limitation, the use of a single-crossover integrative vector, which creates direct repeats of the target fragment upon its insertion into the chromosome, offers the possibility of amplifying the integrated plasmid by growing cultures in increasing concentrations of the selective antibiotic and, therefore, amplifying gene dosage in the chromosome [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Isolates showing evidence for plasmid-chromosome recombination. (cdc.gov)
To help realize this goal, this study relies on emerging computational technologies to measure genetic similarity between the host chromosome and the potential plasmid vector, utilizing an algorithm for 3-mer genomic signature analysis to determine the best naturally-found plasmids for later use as vectors, as well as detect local species or genera that are most compatible with these plasmids. (emerginginvestigators.org)
Our hypothesis is that the resulting plasmid-species combinations will reflect existing literature regarding historical host-species interactions, further supporting genomic signature analysis as a tool to find historical plasmid-host interactions and thus predict plasmid compatibility. (emerginginvestigators.org)
De Gelder L, Ponciano JM, Joyce P, Top EM: Stability of a promiscuous plasmid in different hosts: no guarantee for a long-term relationship. (karger.com)
De Gelder L, Vandecasteele FPJ, Brown CJ, Forney LJ, Top EM: Plasmid donor affects host range of promiscuous IncP-1b plasmid pB10 in an activated-sludge microbial community. (karger.com)
Frasson I, Cavallaro A, Bergo C, Richter SN, Palu G: Prevalence of aac(6 ′ )-Ib-cr plasmid-mediated and chromosome-encoded fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in Italy. (karger.com)
Phylogenetic patterns of mobility proteins are consistent with the phylogeny of the host prokaryotes, suggesting that plasmid mobility is in general circumscribed within large clades. (pasteur.fr)

Our researchers are now extracting bacterial DNA from soil and marine habitats, cloning large fragments into, for example, bacterial artificial chromosomes, expressing in a host bacterium and screening the library for new compounds. (microbialtec.com)
Cloning vectors in yeast include yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). (fullsportpress.net)

While the influences of environmental exposures on microbiome composition are well known, the degree to which host genetics plays a role in structuring microbial communities is less well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
In fact, recent data suggest that host genetics may play an important role in shaping microbiome composition. (biomedcentral.com)
We use microbial genetics, microbiome metagenomics, computational modelling and molecular plant biology to identify microbial rhizosphere competence and root microbiome traits that affect rhizosphere competence of plant probiotics and the mechanisms through which root exudates affect plant-beneficial microbe interactions. (uu.nl)

Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is an acute phase reactant that is secreted from the liver and is critical in host defenses against a spectrum of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
As such, AMPs exhibit abilities to defend their hosts against broad spectrum of infectious microbial pathogens (bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic) and are thought to be promising alternatives to the use of antibiotics in human health and agriculture. (usda.gov)
Overall, these newly characterized AMPs may contribute to host innate immunity as they are modulated following challenge with aquaculture-relevant pathogens as well as by physiological stressors. (usda.gov)
Various microbial pathogens have been associated with IAH in SCD. (bvsalud.org)

2 Recently developed molecular microbiology techniques have enabled culture-independent analysis of complex microbial communities in the human body. (rmmj.org.il)

Past genomic studies have comprehensively described the organization of the bacterial chromosome, for example in terms of gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene organization in the bacterial chromosome has very well known effects on transcription and a standard example is the organization of genes into operons, which allows for a sophisticated regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It has also been shown that neighbouring genes in a bacterial chromosome tend to be co-expressed, even if they are not in the same operon [ 10 ], suggesting the existence of a "supra-operonic" organization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Diverse populations of microorganisms inhabit nearly every surface of the human body, and these complex assemblies of microbes reflect host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Deciphering Microbes and Microbial Communities. (hhmi.org)
These microbes - collectively known as the microbiome - play a critical role in preserving the health of their human host. (lbl.gov)

Understanding how host genetic variation shapes the microbiome and how the microbiome ultimately functions to modulate host immunity are fundamental questions that are central to fully characterizing the architecture of many common diseases that occur at mucosal surfaces, including those involving the airway. (biomedcentral.com)
Although knowledge of the airway microbiome lags behind that of the gut, important characteristics of the microbial communities in the airway are beginning to emerge. (biomedcentral.com)
Estrogen-mediated gut microbiome and the host circadian clock. (radeps.com)

iPHoP: A Matchmaker for Phages and their Hosts Building on existing virus-host prediction approaches, a new tool combines and evaluates multiple predictions to reliably match viruses with their archaea and bacteria hosts. (doe.gov)
While most bacteria have circular chromosomes, all actinomycetes chromosomes are linear and fairly large, 8-9Mb. (wikipedia.org)
With efficiency unrivaled by most abiotic industrial processes, the protists, archaea, bacteria, and fungi that make up the rumen microbial community are able to process cellulose and other plant biopolymers into byproducts, such as volatile fatty acids (VFA), that can be utilized by the host. (biomedcentral.com)
Nearly three-quarters of microbial-produced bioactive compounds are from actinomycete bacteria. (microbialtec.com)
Out of 945 taxa examined, the RAs of 8.8% of taxa had non-zero heritability estimates suggesting that the abundances of those bacteria are influenced by host genetic variation. (biomedcentral.com)
In fact, quantitative trait locus (QTL) approaches have successfully identified variation in candidate host genes that influence the RA of specific bacteria not only in Drosophila and mice but also in humans [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Both intend to use this so-called ERC Starting Grant for fundamental research to map immune systems in bacteria, that could possibly be used to develop virus tests, and to unravel the chemical language with which bacteria and their hosts exchange messages. (vlaggraduateschool.nl)
Not only are most of these bacteria benign, they are also essential to the health of their hosts, as they provide protection from diseases and stress, or supply them with vital nutrients. (vlaggraduateschool.nl)
How these substances are made is encoded in "metabolic gene clusters", groups of genes located adjacently on the chromosomes that are frequently exchanged between different species of bacteria. (vlaggraduateschool.nl)
The two pathovars of this economically important species of plant pathogenic bacteria differ in host range and other interactions with plants, with Pss having a more pronounced epiphytic stage of growth and higher abiotic stress tolerance and Pst DC3000 having a more pronounced apoplastic growth habitat. (nih.gov)

This is a big problem in developing a high performance microbial cell factory because it is required to find the best platform strain among many different strains. (sciencedaily.com)
Thus, the construction of libraries and examination of different host strains are much easier than the conventional hard-coded gene manipulation systems. (sciencedaily.com)
First, up to three copies of the crtMN operon from Staphylococcus aureus , encoding a yellow pigment, were incorporated at three ectopic sites within the B. subtilis chromosome, rendering engineered strains able to form yellow colonies. (biomedcentral.com)
Upon transformation of engineered strains with engineered plasmids, strains harboring up to three gene copies integrated into the chromosome formed white colonies because of the removal of the crtMN operon, clearly distinguishable from yellow colonies harboring undesired genetic modifications. (biomedcentral.com)
Similar to the region carrying Ave1 , we identified multiple genomic regions with limited distribution among V. dahliae strains that coincide with large-scale interruptions of chromosome synteny and are enriched for effectors. (uu.nl)

Three afternoons will be dedicated to open discussion sessions with IGC researchers and alumni, on research topics ranging from ecology, evolution and theoretical biology to cell cycle development and host-microbe interactions. (gulbenkian.pt)
They code for genes involved in many aspects of microbial biology, including detoxication, virulence, ecological interactions, and antibiotic resistance. (pasteur.fr)

Integrated microfluidic circuit used to perform mini-metagenomic microbial cell partitioning and genomic DNA amplification. (doe.gov)
However, functional annotation of population-differentiating genomic regions revealed numerous genes involved in host invasion, toxin production, and secondary metabolism, and implicated plant hosts, microbial competitors, and temperature and light as major drivers of adaptive divergence. (usda.gov)
Although a high degree of similarity exists between the two sequenced Pseudomonads, 976 protein-encoding genes are unique to Pss B728a when compared with Pst DC3000, including large genomic islands likely to contribute to virulence and host specificity. (nih.gov)

There has been great interest in natural products from unexplored microbial sources, especially actinomycetes, marine ecosystems, and microorganisms. (microbialtec.com)

Other microbial symbionts are less integrated, present more diffusely in the host and invade the germ line to gain vertical transmission. (nature.com)

Microbial metabolites are among the most important of the cancer chemotherapeutic agents. (microbialtec.com)

Species concepts are also important for evaluating variability and diversity among communities, understanding biogeographical distributions, and identifying causal agents of disease across animal and plant hosts. (frontiersin.org)
and to interrogate the microbial diversity of functional roles in environmental and industrial processes - key themes in modern microbiology. (microbial-ecology.de)
Findings present technical considerations in the characterization of microbial diversity and composition associated with gestational diabetes as a model pregnancy-associated pathology. (rmmj.org.il)

We showed that Ecp6 contributes to virulence by sequestering chitin oligosaccharides that otherwise elicit host immunity. (uu.nl)
Elucidating the microbial-host interface in health and disease may enhance our understanding of virulence factors and pathological mechanisms, thus facilitating the development of powerful diagnostic tools, vaccines, and therapeutic intervention. (rmmj.org.il)

Noise reduction strategies in metagenomic chromosome confirmation capture to link antibiotic resistance genes to microbial hosts. (cdc.gov)

We use microbial synthetic communities built from different environments and host plants to identify the genetic traits underlying host specificity in Arabidopsis, Barley and Lotus. (uu.nl)

So far, the program has led to the development of technology and capabilities for COVID-19 testing, e.g. new molecular diagnostic methods, high-throughput and high-content serology, analysis of the host immune response, environmental virus profiling, understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and research about how the virus could be inhibited. (scilifelab.se)
A number of microbial compounds capable of suppressing the immune response have been discovered. (microbialtec.com)
By understanding the mechanisms behind microbial immune systems, we can better understand how they are similar and where they are different from the human immune system. (lbl.gov)
Wiedenheft is part of a team of researchers, led by biochemist Jennifer Doudna, a leading authority on RNA molecular structures, and biophysicist Eva Nogales, an expert on electron microscopy and image analysis, that has provided the first sub-nanometer look at a central player in the microbial immune system. (lbl.gov)
The microbial immune system can be likened to a vaccination program because of the adaptive-type nucleic acid-based line of defense deployed by a unit of DNA called CRISPR, which stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats. (lbl.gov)
The immune system also has the capacity to recognize and destroy abnormal cells that derive from host tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
Prompt and sustainable termination of IAH may require therapeutic combination of transfusion, anti-microbial chemotherapy, and immune modulation therapy. (bvsalud.org)

Many microbial-originated antibiotics are available in the market, and more than 120 of the most important medicines in use are obtained from terrestrial microorganisms. (microbialtec.com)

Cytoplasmically inherited elements vary in their level of integration with the host - in the case of organelles, the proteome is jointly encoded in nuclear and organellar DNA, in addition to integration into cellular physiology. (nature.com)
Microbial Physiology. (syllabusguru.com)

The bovine rumen is an organ that serves as the site of symbiosis between the cow and microbial species from all three taxonomic superkingdoms of life that are dedicated to the degradation of highly recalcitrant plant polymers [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent technological innovations in Raman microspectroscopy will further reinforce the power and capacity of this method for broader adoptions in microbiology, allowing microbiologists to deepen their understanding of the microbial ecology of complex communities at nearly any scale of interest. (microbial-ecology.de)
The degree to which host genetic variation can modulate microbial communities in humans remains an open question. (biomedcentral.com)

These extrachromosomal genetic elements have been shown to transport their own genes as well as chromosomal genes to other actinomycete hosts. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, each population had unique genetic signatures of adaptive selection that were largely focused in hypervariable regions of chromosomes. (usda.gov)
Interestingly, cytoplasmic genetic elements have been shown to have very different inheritance patterns to classic Mendelian nuclear chromosomes. (nature.com)
Our findings provide evidence of host genetic influences on upper airway microbial composition in humans and implicate mucosal immunity genes in this relationship. (biomedcentral.com)
Ixodes ricinus ticks ( 11 ) and is carried by a large variety of ize genetic variations of natural populations of a bacterial hosts, including birds and small- to medium-sized mam- pathogen ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)

1 Later pioneers, Pasteur (1822-1895), Cohn (1828-1898), and Koch (1843-1910), the "fathers of modern microbiology", further established the complexity of the microbial world. (rmmj.org.il)
Environmental and marine microbiology studies suggest that only about 1% of the diverse microbial world can be cultivated using traditional methods, a phenomenon known as the "the great plate count anomaly. (rmmj.org.il)

Long-read alignments and Hi-C linkage between contigs support the identification of 188 novel virus-host associations and the determination of phage life cycle states in the rumen microbial community. (biomedcentral.com)
Neubauer, Z vada: The capacity of the bacterial host for the reproduction of the RNA phage f2. (vhled.cz)
Neubauer, Z vada: The Relation between the RNA phage and the Chromosome of its host. (vhled.cz)

Persistent gut microbiota due to gastric bypass reduce host weight and adiposity. (radeps.com)

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that is part of the normal microbial community of the digestive tract and genitalia of humans. (biomedcentral.com)

The traits potentially attributable to the symbiotic/parasitic life-style of the organism include the presence of apparently weak translational selection in synonymous codon usage and a marked heterogeneity in membrane-associated proteins, which may be important for N. equitans to interact with the host and hence, may help the organism to adapt to the strictly host-associated life style. (biomedcentral.com)

These plasmids confer oil-degrading genes that can be implemented into the native microbial population. (emerginginvestigators.org)
Most very large plasmids are nonmobilizable, with evidence of ongoing domestication into secondary chromosomes. (pasteur.fr)

We demonstrate novel techniques that work synergistically to improve characterization of biological features in a highly complex rumen microbial community. (biomedcentral.com)

Different clonal complexes may prefer molecular markers provides a more robust inference on different host species ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)

In addition to monosomy of Ch5, this mutant acquired duplication of a chimeric Ch4/7b, resulting in trisomy of this chromosome (Fig. 1 a), and facilitating the Sou + phenotype [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In light of data pointing to the importance of Ch5 in C. albicans drug resistance, there is a growing need to better understand the control of Ch5 ploidy and regulation of genes on this chromosome. (biomedcentral.com)

It presents nonprotein antigens which include precursors and derivatives from highly conserved microbial biosynthetic pathways of riboflavin and folic acid metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)

The findings are of interest in understanding molecular processes involved in regulating erythropoiesis, as well as the potential to develop host-directed therapies for malarial parasites that target human reticulocytes. (elifesciences.org)
While the analysis of nucleotide/amino acid preferences in N. equitans offers an insight into the molecular strategies taken by the archaeon for thermo-parasitic adaptation, the comparative study of the compositional characteristics of mesophiles, hyperthermophiles and obligatory host-associated organisms demonstrates the generality of such strategies in the microbial world. (biomedcentral.com)

[7] Collectively, these attributes indicate that T. maritima has become resourceful and capable of metabolizing a host of substances in order to carry out its life processes. (eol.org)

Although humans are accidental hosts of B. burgdorferi, nent, indicating geographic isolation. (cdc.gov)

they are commonly present in particular tissues and have host organised vertical transmission. (nature.com)

This organization of the chromosome can be described as being an adaptive and functional tool, essential for the survival of the bacterial cell. (biomedcentral.com)

Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules). (who.int)

Milk and milk-based food products are highly susceptible to microbial attack because of their rich composition, which provides a favourable medium for growth of a host of spoilage agents [1]. (who.int)

Scientists have reported the development of a strategy for efficiently developing microbial cell factories by employing synthetic small RNAs. (sciencedaily.com)
A Korean research team led by Distinguished Professor Sang Yup Lee at the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), a science and engineering university in Korea, reported the development of a strategy for efficiently developing microbial cell factories by employing synthetic small RNAs (sRNAs). (sciencedaily.com)

We describe a method that adds long-read sequencing to a mix of technologies used to assemble a highly complex cattle rumen microbial community, and provide a comparison to short read-based methods. (biomedcentral.com)

MR1 was identified in 1995 by degenerate PCR on human chromosome 1q25. (ox.ac.uk)

Cloning vector is a small DNA molecule capable of self-replication inside the host cell. (fullsportpress.net)
Cloning vector is used for replicating donor DNA fragment within host cell. (fullsportpress.net)
Gene cloning involves separation of specific gene or DNA fragments from a donor cell, attaching it to small carrier molecule called vector and then replicating this recombinant vector into a host cell. (fullsportpress.net)

Human, animal, plant hosts? (kenyon.edu)

In recent years it has become clear that specialised molecules largely facilitate these microbial activities. (vlaggraduateschool.nl)

These observations led us to propose that in C. albicans , transcriptional compensation for gene dose serves to facilitate the formation and maintenance of aneuploid chromosome states that are required for survival in adverse environments [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

different hosts are different niches. (cdc.gov)

CAA11, a newly isolated promising microbial host for CBP-producing ethanol and organic acids from cellulose. (korea.ac.kr)

This process is supplemented by relatively minimal energy inputs, such as the basal body temperature of the host cow and the energy-efficient mastication of digesting plant material. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy63

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Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes174

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